Industrial Engineers
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 17-2112.00
Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.037
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 17 hidden tasks20 rated tasks · 20 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Recommend methods for improving utilization of personnel, material, and utilities.17-2112.00 | 0.010050.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Formulate sampling procedures and designs and develop forms and instructions for recording, evaluating, and reporting quality and reliability data.17-2112.00 | 0.010050.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product.17-2112.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.0400100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Complete production reports, purchase orders, and material, tool, and equipment lists.O*NET Task ID 1408 | 1.0 |
Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product.O*NET Task ID 1391 | 0.5 |
Develop manufacturing methods, labor utilization standards, and cost analysis systems to promote efficient staff and facility utilization.O*NET Task ID 1392 | 0.5 |
Recommend methods for improving utilization of personnel, material, and utilities.O*NET Task ID 1393 | 0.5 |
Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization.O*NET Task ID 1394 | 0.5 |
Apply statistical methods and perform mathematical calculations to determine manufacturing processes, staff requirements, and production standards.O*NET Task ID 1395 | 0.5 |
Draft and design layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer.O*NET Task ID 1398 | 0.5 |
Review production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities.O*NET Task ID 1399 | 0.5 |
Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards.O*NET Task ID 1400 | 0.5 |
Formulate sampling procedures and designs and develop forms and instructions for recording, evaluating, and reporting quality and reliability data.O*NET Task ID 1402 | 0.5 |
Record or oversee recording of information to ensure currency of engineering drawings and documentation of production problems.O*NET Task ID 1403 | 0.5 |
Study operations sequence, material flow, functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine worker functions and responsibilities.O*NET Task ID 1404 | 0.5 |
Direct workers engaged in product measurement, inspection, and testing activities to ensure quality control and reliability.O*NET Task ID 1405 | 0.5 |
Implement methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and defective or damaged parts, and assess cost and responsibility.O*NET Task ID 1406 | 0.5 |
Evaluate precision and accuracy of production and testing equipment and engineering drawings to formulate corrective action plan.O*NET Task ID 1407 | 0.5 |
Schedule deliveries based on production forecasts, material substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements.O*NET Task ID 1409 | 0.5 |
Regulate and alter workflow schedules according to established manufacturing sequences and lead times to expedite production operations.O*NET Task ID 1410 | 0.5 |
Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control.O*NET Task ID 18607 | 0.5 |
Coordinate and implement quality control objectives, activities, or procedures to resolve production problems, maximize product reliability, or minimize costs.O*NET Task ID 18608 | 0.5 |
Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status.O*NET Task ID 18609 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product. | Core |
| Develop manufacturing methods, labor utilization standards, and cost analysis systems to promote efficient staff and facility utilization. | Core |
| Recommend methods for improving utilization of personnel, material, and utilities. | Core |
| Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization. | Core |
| Apply statistical methods and perform mathematical calculations to determine manufacturing processes, staff requirements, and production standards. | Core |
| Draft and design layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer. | Core |
| Review production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities. | Core |
| Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards. | Core |
| Formulate sampling procedures and designs and develop forms and instructions for recording, evaluating, and reporting quality and reliability data. | Core |
| Record or oversee recording of information to ensure currency of engineering drawings and documentation of production problems. | Core |
| Study operations sequence, material flow, functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine worker functions and responsibilities. | Core |
| Direct workers engaged in product measurement, inspection, and testing activities to ensure quality control and reliability. | Core |
| Implement methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and defective or damaged parts, and assess cost and responsibility. | Core |
| Evaluate precision and accuracy of production and testing equipment and engineering drawings to formulate corrective action plan. | Core |
| Complete production reports, purchase orders, and material, tool, and equipment lists. | Core |
| Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control. | Core |
| Coordinate and implement quality control objectives, activities, or procedures to resolve production problems, maximize product reliability, or minimize costs. | Core |
| Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status. | Core |
| Schedule deliveries based on production forecasts, material substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements. | Supplemental |
| Regulate and alter workflow schedules according to established manufacturing sequences and lead times to expedite production operations. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 17-2112 group (Industrial engineers), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 365K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 411K
- Change (2025–35)
- +12.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $102,440
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23990 | 그 외 공학 관련 기술자 및 시험원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2141Industrial and Production Engineers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Industrial and production engineers conduct research and design, organize and oversee the construction, operation and maintenance of industrial production processes and installations. They establish programmes for the coordination of manufacturing activities and assess cost effectiveness and safety.
Tasks
- (a) studying functional statements, organizational charts and project information to determine functions and responsibilities of workers and work units and to identify areas of duplication;
- (b) establishing work measurement programmes and analysing work samples to develop standards for labour utilization;
- (c) analysing workforce utilization, facility layout, operational data and production schedules and costs to determine optimum worker and equipment efficiencies;
- (d) developing specifications for manufacture, and determining materials, equipment, piping, material flows, capacities and layout of plant and systems;
- (e) organizing and managing project labour and the delivery of materials, plant and equipment;
- (f) establishing standards and policies for installation, modification, quality control, testing, inspection and maintenance according to engineering principles and safety regulations;
- (g) inspecting plant to improve and maintain performance;
- (h) directing the maintenance of plant buildings and equipment, and coordinating the requirements for new designs, surveys and maintenance schedules;
- (i) advising management on new production methods, techniques and equipment;
- (j) liaising with materials buying, storing and controlling departments to ensure a steady flow of supplies.
Example occupations
Industrial efficiency engineer · Industrial engineer · Industrial plant engineer · Production engineer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- industrial engineerESCO 2141.3This occupation is broader
Industrial engineers design a vast array of production systems aiming to present efficient and effective solutions. They integrate a varied number of variables such as workers, technology, ergonomics, production flows, and product specifications for the design and implementation of production systems. They can specify and design for microsystems as well.
- industrial tool design engineerESCO 2144.1.9This occupation is broader
Industrial tool design engineers design various industrial tools in accordance with customer needs, manufacturing requirements, and building specifications. They test the designs, look for solutions to any problems, and oversee production.
- production engineerESCO 2141.3.2This occupation is broader
Production engineers review and evaluate production performance, perform data analysis and identify under-performing production systems. They search for long or short term solutions, plan production enhancements and process optimizations.
- calculation engineerESCO 2149.2.1Overlapping, not the same
Calculation engineers draw conclusions about real systems, such as on strength, stability and durability, by performing experiments on virtual models. They test production processes as well.
- design engineerESCO 2149.2.4Overlapping, not the same
Design engineers develop new conceptual and detailed designs. They create the look for these concepts or products and the systems used to make them. Design engineers work with engineers and marketers to enhance the functioning and efficiency of existing devices.
- manufacturing engineerESCO 2141.3.1Overlapping, not the same
Manufacturing engineers design manufacturing processes for different kinds of production processes. They integrate those specificities and constraints posed by the industry or the product being produced with general and wide-spread manufacturing engineering principles into the design and planification of manufacturing processes.
- process engineerESCO 2141.9Overlapping, not the same
Process engineers apply engineering concepts in order to improve all kinds of production and manufacturing processes in terms of efficiency and productivity. They evaluate the variables and constraints present in given processes and present engineering solutions to optimise them.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H1402 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure méthodes et process | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H1407 | Responsable méthodes-industrialisation | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H1410 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de gestion de la production | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H2502 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de production | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2431 | Ingenieros industriales y de producción | This occupation is broader |
| 2461 | Ingenieros técnicos industriales y de producción | This occupation is broader |
| 2469 | Ingenieros técnicos no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 27304 | Berufe in der technischen Produktionsplanung und -steuerung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 27314 | Berufe in der technischen Qualitätssicherung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 23124 | Berufe in der Papierverarbeitung und Verpackungstechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 082 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発を除く） | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 083 | 機械技術者（開発を除く） | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 084 | 自動車技術者（開発を除く） | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources