Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 17-3023.00
Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.020
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.27–0.45· 4 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 3113Electrical Engineering Technicians0.27
- ISCO-08 3114Electronics Engineering Technicians0.38
- ISCO-08 3155Air Traffic Safety Electronics Technicians0.34
- ISCO-08 3522Telecommunications Engineering Technicians0.45
Task-level exposure
Show 11 hidden tasks30 rated tasks · 19 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (63.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 2 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Review existing electrical engineering criteria to identify necessary revisions, deletions, or amendments to outdated material.O*NET Task ID 21983 | 1.0 |
Maintain system logs or manuals to document testing or operation of equipment.O*NET Task ID 21984 | 1.0 |
Compile and maintain records documenting engineering schematics, installed equipment, installation or operational problems, resources used, repairs, or corrective action performed.O*NET Task ID 21989 | 1.0 |
Integrate software or hardware components, using computer, microprocessor, or control architecture.O*NET Task ID 21991 | 1.0 |
Interpret test information to resolve design-related problems.O*NET Task ID 22000 | 1.0 |
Review, develop, or prepare maintenance standards.O*NET Task ID 22004 | 1.0 |
Read blueprints, wiring diagrams, schematic drawings, or engineering instructions for assembling electronics units, applying knowledge of electronic theory and components.O*NET Task ID 21978 | 0.5 |
Review electrical engineering plans to ensure adherence to design specifications and compliance with applicable electrical codes and standards.O*NET Task ID 21981 | 0.5 |
Select electronics equipment, components, or systems to meet functional specifications.O*NET Task ID 21985 | 0.5 |
Calculate design specifications or cost, material, and resource estimates, and prepare project schedules and budgets.O*NET Task ID 21986 | 0.5 |
Procure parts and maintain inventory and related documentation.O*NET Task ID 21992 | 0.5 |
Participate in training or continuing education activities to stay abreast of engineering or industry advances.O*NET Task ID 21993 | 0.5 |
Research equipment or component needs, sources, competitive prices, delivery times, or ongoing operational costs.O*NET Task ID 21994 | 0.5 |
Provide user applications or engineering support or recommendations for new or existing equipment with regard to installation, upgrades, or enhancements.O*NET Task ID 21995 | 0.5 |
Specify, coordinate, or conduct quality control or quality assurance programs or procedures.O*NET Task ID 21996 | 0.5 |
Produce electronics drawings or other graphics representing industrial control, instrumentation, sensors, or analog or digital telecommunications networks, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.O*NET Task ID 21997 | 0.5 |
Design or modify engineering schematics for electrical transmission and distribution systems or for electrical installation in residential, commercial, or industrial buildings, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.O*NET Task ID 21999 | 0.5 |
Conduct statistical studies to analyze or compare production costs for sustainable or nonsustainable designs.O*NET Task ID 22001 | 0.5 |
Participate in the development or testing of electrical aspects of new green technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, and energy efficient televisions.O*NET Task ID 22003 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (28)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Modify, maintain, or repair electronics equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning. | Core |
| Set up and operate specialized or standard test equipment to diagnose, test, or analyze the performance of electronic components, assemblies, or systems. | Core |
| Read blueprints, wiring diagrams, schematic drawings, or engineering instructions for assembling electronics units, applying knowledge of electronic theory and components. | Core |
| Identify and resolve equipment malfunctions, working with manufacturers or field representatives as necessary to procure replacement parts. | Core |
| Assemble electrical systems or prototypes, using hand tools or measuring instruments. | Core |
| Review electrical engineering plans to ensure adherence to design specifications and compliance with applicable electrical codes and standards. | Core |
| Assemble, test, or maintain circuitry or electronic components, according to engineering instructions, technical manuals, or knowledge of electronics, using hand or power tools. | Core |
| Review existing electrical engineering criteria to identify necessary revisions, deletions, or amendments to outdated material. | Core |
| Maintain system logs or manuals to document testing or operation of equipment. | Core |
| Select electronics equipment, components, or systems to meet functional specifications. | Core |
| Calculate design specifications or cost, material, and resource estimates, and prepare project schedules and budgets. | Core |
| Educate equipment operators on the proper use of equipment. | Core |
| Supervise the installation or operation of electronic equipment or systems. | Core |
| Compile and maintain records documenting engineering schematics, installed equipment, installation or operational problems, resources used, repairs, or corrective action performed. | Core |
| Participate in training or continuing education activities to stay abreast of engineering or industry advances. | Core |
| Replace defective components or parts, using hand tools and precision instruments. | Supplemental |
| Modify electrical prototypes, parts, assemblies, or systems to correct functional deviations. | Supplemental |
| Integrate software or hardware components, using computer, microprocessor, or control architecture. | Supplemental |
| Procure parts and maintain inventory and related documentation. | Supplemental |
| Research equipment or component needs, sources, competitive prices, delivery times, or ongoing operational costs. | Supplemental |
| Provide user applications or engineering support or recommendations for new or existing equipment with regard to installation, upgrades, or enhancements. | Supplemental |
| Specify, coordinate, or conduct quality control or quality assurance programs or procedures. | Supplemental |
| Produce electronics drawings or other graphics representing industrial control, instrumentation, sensors, or analog or digital telecommunications networks, using computer-aided design (CAD) software. | Supplemental |
| Install or maintain electrical control systems, industrial automation systems, or electrical equipment, including control circuits, variable speed drives, or programmable logic controllers. | Supplemental |
| Design or modify engineering schematics for electrical transmission and distribution systems or for electrical installation in residential, commercial, or industrial buildings, using computer-aided design (CAD) software. | Supplemental |
| Interpret test information to resolve design-related problems. | Supplemental |
| Conduct statistical studies to analyze or compare production costs for sustainable or nonsustainable designs. | Supplemental |
| Review, develop, or prepare maintenance standards. | Supplemental |
0.33/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Modify, maintain, or repair electronics equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning. | E0 none |
| Replace defective components or parts, using hand tools and precision instruments. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set up and operate specialized or standard test equipment to diagnose, test, or analyze the performance of electronic components, assemblies, or systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Identify and resolve equipment malfunctions, working with manufacturers or field representatives as necessary to procure replacement parts. | E0 none |
| Assemble electrical systems or prototypes, using hand tools or measuring instruments. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assemble, test, or maintain circuitry or electronic components, according to engineering instructions, technical manuals, or knowledge of electronics, using hand or power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Modify electrical prototypes, parts, assemblies, or systems to correct functional deviations. | E0 none |
| Integrate software or hardware components, using computer, microprocessor, or control architecture. | E0 none |
| Procure parts and maintain inventory and related documentation. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Specify, coordinate, or conduct quality control or quality assurance programs or procedures. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install or maintain electrical control systems, industrial automation systems, or electrical equipment, including control circuits, variable speed drives, or programmable logic controllers. | E0 none |
| Construct and evaluate electrical components for consumer electronics applications such as fuel cells for consumer electronic devices, power saving devices for computers or televisions, or energy efficient power chargers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Participate in the development or testing of electrical aspects of new green technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, and energy efficient televisions. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 97K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 99K
- Change (2025–35)
- +2.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $78,190
- Typical education needed for entry
- Associate's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23441 | 전기공학 시험원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23442 | 반도체공학 시험원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23443 | 전자공학 시험원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 22601 | 통신 장비 기사 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3113Electrical Engineering Technicians
- ISCO-08 3114Electronics Engineering Technicians
- ISCO-08 3155Air Traffic Safety Electronics Technicians
- ISCO-08 3522Telecommunications Engineering Technicians
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- computer hardware engineering technicianESCO 3114.1.2This occupation is broader
Computer hardware engineering technicians collaborate with computer hardware engineers in the development of computer hardware, such as motherboards, routers, and microprocessors. Computer hardware engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, monitoring, and maintaining the developed computer technology.
- computer hardware test technicianESCO 3114.1.3This occupation is broader
Computer hardware test technicians conduct testing of computer hardware such as circuit boards, computer chips, computer systems, and other electronic and electrical components. They analyse the hardware configuration and test the hardware reliability and conformance to specifications.
- electrical engineering technicianESCO 3113.1This occupation is broader
Electrical engineering technicians work together with electrical engineers in electrical engineering research. They perform technical tasks and aid in the designing, testing, manufacturing and operation of electrical devices and facilities.
- electronics engineering technicianESCO 3114.1This occupation is broader
Electronics engineering technicians work closely with electronics engineers in the development of electronic equipment and devices. Electronics engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, and maintaining electronic devices.
- instrumentation engineering technicianESCO 3114.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Instrumentation engineering technicians assist instrumentation engineers in the development of control equipment, such as valves, relays, and regulators, which can be used to monitor and control processes. Instrumentation engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, monitoring, and maintaining of equipment. They use wrenches, beam cutters, grind saws, and overhead cranes to build and repair equipment.
- microelectronics engineering technicianESCO 3114.1.6Overlapping, not the same
Microelectronics engineering technicians collaborate with microelectronics engineers in the development of small electronic devices and components such as micro-processors, memory chips, and integrated circuits for machine and motor controls. Microelectronics engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, and maintaining the microelectronic systems and devices.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H1227 | Maquettiste en électronique | This occupation is broader |
| H1209 | Technicien / Technicienne en électricité et électronique études et développement | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H1504 | Contrôleur / Contrôleuse technique en électricité-électronique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| I1305 | Technicien / Technicienne installation et maintenance électronique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3123 | Técnicos en electricidad | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 3124 | Técnicos en electrónica (excepto electromedicina) | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 3125 | Técnicos en electrónica, especialidad en electromedicina | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 3833 | Técnicos de ingeniería de las telecomunicaciones | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 26303 | Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 26302 | Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 26313 | Berufe in der Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 26213 | Berufe in der Bauelektrik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 26223 | Berufe in der Elektromaschinentechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 26253 | Berufe in der elektrischen Betriebstechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 26263 | Berufe in der Leitungsinstallation und -wartung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 26333 | Berufe in der Luftverkehrs-, Schiffs- und Fahrzeugelektronik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 26382 | Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 26383 | Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 51233 | Berufe in der Flugsicherungstechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 082 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発を除く） | This occupation is narrower |
| 072 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発） | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources