- O*NET-SOC code
- 19-2031.00
Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.261
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.39
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 11 hidden tasks13 rated tasks · 9 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (69.2%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Compile and analyze test information to determine process or equipment operating efficiency or to diagnose malfunctions.19-2031.00 | 0.0600100.0 | 0.1200100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write technical papers or reports or prepare standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, or tests.O*NET Task ID 1511 | 1.0 |
Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques.O*NET Task ID 1505 | 0.5 |
Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods.O*NET Task ID 1506 | 0.5 |
Compile and analyze test information to determine process or equipment operating efficiency or to diagnose malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 1507 | 0.5 |
Confer with scientists or engineers to conduct analyses of research projects, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests.O*NET Task ID 1508 | 0.5 |
Direct, coordinate, or advise personnel in test procedures for analyzing components or physical properties of materials.O*NET Task ID 1509 | 0.5 |
Study effects of various methods of processing, preserving, or packaging on composition or properties of foods.O*NET Task ID 1512 | 0.5 |
Evaluate laboratory safety procedures to ensure compliance with standards or to make improvements as needed.O*NET Task ID 20388 | 0.5 |
Purchase laboratory supplies, such as chemicals, when supplies are low or near their expiration date.O*NET Task ID 20389 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (12)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques. | Core |
| Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods. | Core |
| Compile and analyze test information to determine process or equipment operating efficiency or to diagnose malfunctions. | Core |
| Confer with scientists or engineers to conduct analyses of research projects, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests. | Core |
| Direct, coordinate, or advise personnel in test procedures for analyzing components or physical properties of materials. | Core |
| Induce changes in composition of substances by introducing heat, light, energy, or chemical catalysts for quantitative or qualitative analysis. | Core |
| Write technical papers or reports or prepare standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, or tests. | Core |
| Prepare test solutions, compounds, or reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct tests. | Core |
| Maintain laboratory instruments to ensure proper working order and troubleshoot malfunctions when needed. | Core |
| Conduct quality control tests. | Core |
| Evaluate laboratory safety procedures to ensure compliance with standards or to make improvements as needed. | Core |
| Purchase laboratory supplies, such as chemicals, when supplies are low or near their expiration date. | Core |
0.95/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques. | E2 structured facilities |
| Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Induce changes in composition of substances by introducing heat, light, energy, or chemical catalysts for quantitative or qualitative analysis. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Prepare test solutions, compounds, or reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct tests. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Maintain laboratory instruments to ensure proper working order and troubleshoot malfunctions when needed. | E0 none |
| Conduct quality control tests. | E2 structured facilities |
Occupation information
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources