Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
Educational Instruction and Library Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 25-1121.00
Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts including fine and applied art, such as painting and sculpture, or design and crafts. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.214
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 8 hidden tasks28 rated tasks · 21 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (75.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction.25-1121.00 | 0.220236.7 |
Provide professional consulting services to government or industry.25-1121.00 | 0.063210.5 |
Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.25-1121.00 | 0.062710.4 |
Explain and demonstrate artistic techniques.25-1121.00 | 0.05308.8 |
Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.25-1121.00 | 0.03696.1 |
Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences.25-1121.00 | 0.02594.3 |
Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues.25-1121.00 | 0.02243.7 |
Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media.25-1121.00 | 0.02243.7 |
Prepare course materials such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.25-1121.00 | 0.01562.6 |
Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues.25-1121.00 | 0.01242.1 |
Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.25-1121.00 | 0.01041.7 |
Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students.25-1121.00 | 0.00981.6 |
Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.25-1121.00 | 0.00811.3 |
Evaluate and grade students' class work, performances, projects, assignments, and papers.25-1121.00 | 0.00791.3 |
Participate in campus and community events.25-1121.00 | 0.00781.3 |
Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.25-1121.00 | 0.00721.2 |
Act as advisers to student organizations.25-1121.00 | 0.00681.1 |
Perform administrative duties such as serving as department head.25-1121.00 | 0.00400.7 |
Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.25-1121.00 | 0.00380.6 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.O*NET Task ID 6266 | 1.0 |
Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.O*NET Task ID 6270 | 1.0 |
Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.O*NET Task ID 6282 | 1.0 |
Write grant proposals to procure external research funding.O*NET Task ID 6286 | 1.0 |
Evaluate and grade students' class work, performances, projects, assignments, and papers.O*NET Task ID 6261 | 0.5 |
Prepare students for performances, exams, or assessments.O*NET Task ID 6263 | 0.5 |
Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as acting techniques, fundamentals of music, and art history.O*NET Task ID 6264 | 0.5 |
Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences.O*NET Task ID 6268 | 0.5 |
Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues.O*NET Task ID 6269 | 0.5 |
Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media.O*NET Task ID 6271 | 0.5 |
Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.O*NET Task ID 6272 | 0.5 |
Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction.O*NET Task ID 6273 | 0.5 |
Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students.O*NET Task ID 6274 | 0.5 |
Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.O*NET Task ID 6275 | 0.5 |
Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.O*NET Task ID 6276 | 0.5 |
Select and obtain materials and supplies, such as textbooks and performance pieces.O*NET Task ID 6277 | 0.5 |
Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.O*NET Task ID 6279 | 0.5 |
Keep students informed of community events, such as plays and concerts.O*NET Task ID 6281 | 0.5 |
Display students' work in schools, galleries, and exhibitions.O*NET Task ID 6283 | 0.5 |
Perform administrative duties, such as serving as department head.O*NET Task ID 6284 | 0.5 |
Provide professional consulting services to government or industry.O*NET Task ID 6287 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (28)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Evaluate and grade students' class work, performances, projects, assignments, and papers. | Core |
| Explain and demonstrate artistic techniques. | Core |
| Prepare students for performances, exams, or assessments. | Core |
| Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as acting techniques, fundamentals of music, and art history. | Core |
| Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. | Core |
| Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. | Core |
| Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. | Core |
| Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues. | Core |
| Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records. | Core |
| Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction. | Core |
| Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students. | Core |
| Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others. | Core |
| Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities. | Core |
| Select and obtain materials and supplies, such as textbooks and performance pieces. | Core |
| Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues. | Core |
| Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues. | Core |
| Participate in campus and community events. | Core |
| Keep students informed of community events, such as plays and concerts. | Core |
| Display students' work in schools, galleries, and exhibitions. | Core |
| Act as advisers to student organizations. | Core |
| Organize performance groups and direct their rehearsals. | Supplemental |
| Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media. | Supplemental |
| Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work. | Supplemental |
| Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments. | Supplemental |
| Perform administrative duties, such as serving as department head. | Supplemental |
| Write grant proposals to procure external research funding. | Supplemental |
| Provide professional consulting services to government or industry. | Supplemental |
| Maintain or repair studio facilities. | Supplemental |
0.01/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Explain and demonstrate artistic techniques. | E0 none |
| Participate in campus and community events. | E0 none |
| Display students' work in schools, galleries, and exhibitions. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Maintain or repair studio facilities. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 117K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 120K
- Change (2025–35)
- +2.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $78,620
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26112 | 예술 및 인문학 교수 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
| 26122 | 예술 및 인문학 강사 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2310University and Higher Education Teachers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.
Tasks
- (a) designing and modifying curricula and preparing courses of study in accordance with requirements;
- (b) preparing and delivering lectures and conducting tutorials, seminars and laboratory experiments;
- (c) stimulating discussion and independent thought among students;
- (d) supervising, where appropriate, experimental and practical work undertaken by students;
- (e) administering, evaluating and marking examination papers and tests;
- (f) directing research of post-graduate students or other members of department;
- (g) researching into and developing concepts, theories and operational methods for application in industrial and other fields;
- (h) preparing scholarly books, papers or articles;
- (i) participating in departmental and faculty meetings and in conferences and seminars;
Example occupations
Higher education lecturer · Professor · University lecturer · University tutor
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- drama teacherESCO 2355.3This occupation is broader
Drama teachers instruct students in a recreational context in the various theatrical genres and dramatic expression forms, such as comedy, tragedy, prose, poetry, improvisation, monologues, dialogues etc. They provide students with a notion of theatre history and repertoire, but mainly focus on a practice-based approach in their courses, in which they assist students in experimenting with and mastering different dramatic expression styles and techniques and encourage them to develop their own style. They cast, direct and produce plays and other performances, and coordinate the technical production and the set, props and costume usage on stage.
- fine arts instructorESCO 2310.1.17This occupation is broader
Fine arts instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based fine arts courses at a specialised fine arts school or conservatory at a higher education level, including drawing, painting and sculpturing. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master in the fine arts. Fine arts instructors monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance on the fine arts through, often practical, assignments, tests and examinations.
- music instructorESCO 2310.1.27This occupation is broader
Music instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based music courses at a specialised music school or conservatory at a higher education level, including musical instruments and vocal training. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master in music. Music educators monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance of music practice through assignments, tests and examinations.
- music teacherESCO 2354.1This occupation is broader
Music teachers instruct students in various musical genres and expression forms, such as classical, jazz, folk, pop, blues, rock, electronic etc. in a recreational context. They provide students with an overview of music history and repertoire, but primarily utilise a practice-based approach in their courses. In these courses, they assist students to experiment with different styles and techniques, in the musical instrument of their choice while encouraging them to develop their own style. They cast, direct, and produce musical performances, and coordinate the technical production.
- visual arts teacherESCO 2355.5This occupation is broader
Visual arts teachers instruct students in various styles of visual arts, such as drawing, painting, and sculpting, in a recreational context. They provide students with an overview of art history, but primarily utilise a practice-based approach in their courses, in which they assist students to experiment with and master different artistic techniques, and encourage them to develop their own style.
- art studies lecturerESCO 2310.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Art studies lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, art studies, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants for the preparation of lectures and of exams, grading papers and exams and leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their field of arts studies, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.
- art teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.1Overlapping, not the same
Art teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, art. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of art through assignments, tests and examinations.
- drama teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.6Overlapping, not the same
Drama teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, drama. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of drama through assignments, tests and examinations.
- music teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.13Overlapping, not the same
Music teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, music. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of music through assignments, tests and examinations.
- performing arts theatre instructorESCO 2310.1.30Overlapping, not the same
Performing arts theatre instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based theatre courses at a specialised theatre, or acting, school or conservatory at a higher education level. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master in theatre. Performing arts theatre instructors monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance of theatre practice through assignments, tests and examinations.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K2108 | Professeur / Professeure des universités | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| K2411 | Musicologue | Related, not a match |
| K2105 | Professeur / Professeure de musique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K2136 | Professeur territorial / Professeure territoriale d'enseignement artistique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2210 | Profesores de universidades y otra enseñanza superior (excepto formación profesional) | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84304 | Berufe in der Hochschullehre und -forschung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 198 | 大学教員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources