Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Educational Instruction and Library Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 25-2031.00
Teach one or more subjects to students at the secondary school level.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.290
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.30
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 13 hidden tasks32 rated tasks · 20 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (62.5%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies.25-2031.00 | 0.387356.8 | 0.073246.5 |
Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress.25-2031.00 | 0.077211.3 | 0.034521.9 |
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.25-2031.00 | 0.05658.3 | 0.00774.9 |
Guide and counsel students with adjustment or academic problems, or special academic interests.25-2031.00 | 0.03945.8 | 0.00573.6 |
Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.25-2031.00 | 0.02213.2 | 0.00462.9 |
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.25-2031.00 | 0.01992.9 | 0.01117.1 |
Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.25-2031.00 | 0.01802.6 | 0.00523.3 |
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.25-2031.00 | 0.01472.2 | 0.00523.3 |
Assign and grade class work and homework.25-2031.00 | 0.01031.5 | 0.00171.1 |
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.25-2031.00 | 0.00691.0 | —0 |
Administer standardized ability and achievement tests and interpret results to determine students' strengths and areas of need.25-2031.00 | 0.00450.7 | 0.00251.6 |
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.25-2031.00 | 0.00450.7 | —0 |
Sponsor extracurricular activities such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.25-2031.00 | 0.00420.6 | —0 |
Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.25-2031.00 | 0.00400.6 | 0.00603.8 |
Meet with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress and to determine priorities for their children and their resource needs.25-2031.00 | 0.00350.5 | —0 |
Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula.25-2031.00 | 0.00300.4 | —0 |
Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress.25-2031.00 | 0.00250.4 | —0 |
Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of secondary school programs.25-2031.00 | 0.00180.3 | —0 |
Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help.25-2031.00 | 0.00170.2 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.O*NET Task ID 6663 | 1.0 |
Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies.O*NET Task ID 6640 | 0.5 |
Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate those objectives to students.O*NET Task ID 6641 | 0.5 |
Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress.O*NET Task ID 6642 | 0.5 |
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.O*NET Task ID 6644 | 0.5 |
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.O*NET Task ID 6645 | 0.5 |
Assign and grade class work and homework.O*NET Task ID 6646 | 0.5 |
Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.O*NET Task ID 6647 | 0.5 |
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.O*NET Task ID 6649 | 0.5 |
Prepare students for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.O*NET Task ID 6650 | 0.5 |
Prepare for assigned classes, and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors.O*NET Task ID 6653 | 0.5 |
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.O*NET Task ID 6654 | 0.5 |
Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.O*NET Task ID 6657 | 0.5 |
Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help.O*NET Task ID 6659 | 0.5 |
Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence.O*NET Task ID 6660 | 0.5 |
Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula.O*NET Task ID 6661 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of secondary school programs.O*NET Task ID 6662 | 0.5 |
Select, store, order, issue, and inventory classroom equipment, materials, and supplies.O*NET Task ID 6664 | 0.5 |
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.O*NET Task ID 6665 | 0.5 |
Administer standardized ability and achievement tests, and interpret results to determine students' strengths and needs.O*NET Task ID 6666 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (32)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. | Core |
| Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies. | Core |
| Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate those objectives to students. | Core |
| Prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate students' progress. | Core |
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. | Core |
| Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. | Core |
| Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. | Core |
| Assign and grade class work and homework. | Core |
| Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. | Core |
| Enforce all administration policies and rules governing students. | Core |
| Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate. | Core |
| Prepare students for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. | Core |
| Guide and counsel students with adjustments, academic problems, or special academic interests. | Core |
| Instruct and monitor students in the use of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage. | Core |
| Prepare for assigned classes, and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors. | Core |
| Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations. | Core |
| Meet with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress and to determine priorities for their children and their resource needs. | Core |
| Confer with parents or guardians, other teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems. | Core |
| Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools. | Core |
| Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress. | Core |
| Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help. | Core |
| Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, and teacher training workshops to maintain and improve professional competence. | Core |
| Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning, following approved curricula. | Core |
| Collaborate with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of secondary school programs. | Core |
| Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration. | Core |
| Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities. | Core |
| Administer standardized ability and achievement tests, and interpret results to determine students' strengths and needs. | Core |
| Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests. | Core |
| Attend staff meetings and serve on committees, as required. | Core |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities such as restrooms. | Core |
| Select, store, order, issue, and inventory classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | Supplemental |
| Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | Supplemental |
0.07/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Instruct and monitor students in the use of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage. | E0 none |
| Select, store, order, issue, and inventory classroom equipment, materials, and supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform administrative duties, such as school library assistance, hall and cafeteria monitoring, and bus loading and unloading. | E0 none |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities such as restrooms. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 1.1M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 1.1M
- Change (2025–35)
- -0.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $72,040
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26211 | 국어 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26212 | 수학 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26213 | 사회 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26214 | 과학 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26215 | 예체능 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26217 | 외국어 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26219 | 그 외 중‧고등학교 교사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2330Secondary Education Teachers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Secondary education teachers teach one or more subjects at secondary education level, excluding subjects intended to prepare students for employment in specific occupational areas.
Tasks
- (a) designing and modifying curricula and preparing educational courses of study in accordance with curriculum guidelines;
- (b) establishing and enforcing rules for behaviour and procedures for maintaining order among students;
- (c) preparing and giving lessons, discussions and demonstrations in one or more subjects;
- (d) establishing clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicating those objectives to students;
- (e) preparing materials and classrooms for class activities;
- (f) adapting teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests;
- (g) observing and evaluating students’ performance and behaviour;
- (h) preparing, administering and marking tests, assignments and examinations to evaluate pupils' progress;
- (i) preparing reports about pupils' work and conferring with other teachers and parents;
- (j) participating in meetings concerning the school's educational or organizational policies;
- (k) planning, organizing and participating in school activities such as excursions, sporting events and concerts.
Example occupations
High school teacher · Secondary education teacher
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- secondary school teacherESCO 2330.1Same scope
Secondary school teachers provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually specialist subject teachers, who instruct in their own field of study. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary and evaluate their knowledge and performance through assignments, tests and examinations.
- art teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.1This occupation is broader
Art teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, art. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of art through assignments, tests and examinations.
- classical languages teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.5This occupation is broader
Classical languages teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, classical languages. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of classical languages through assignments, tests and examinations.
- science teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.18This occupation is broader
Science teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, science. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of science through assignments, tests and examinations.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K2107 | Professeur / Professeure de collège et de lycée | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2230 | Profesores de enseñanza secundaria (excepto materias específicas de formación profesional) | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84124 | Lehrkräfte in der Sekundarstufe - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 194 | 高等学校教員 | Same scope |
| 195 | 中等教育学校教員 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources