- O*NET-SOC code
- 27-1012.00
Create or reproduce handmade objects for sale and exhibition using a variety of techniques, such as welding, weaving, pottery, and needlecraft.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.054
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.14–0.37· 4 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2651Visual Artists0.21
- ISCO-08 3433Gallery, Museum and Library Technicians0.37
- ISCO-08 7314Potters and Related Workers0.18
- ISCO-08 7317Handicraft Workers in Wood, Basketry and Related Materials0.14
Task-level exposure
Show 9 hidden tasks15 rated tasks · 8 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (53.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Create functional or decorative objects by hand, using a variety of methods and materials.27-1012.00 | 0.290683.0 |
Develop concepts or creative ideas for craft objects.27-1012.00 | 0.048713.9 |
Confer with customers to assess customer needs or obtain feedback.27-1012.00 | 0.00391.1 |
Develop designs using specialized computer software.27-1012.00 | 0.00351.0 |
Create prototypes or models of objects to be crafted.27-1012.00 | 0.00160.5 |
Research craft trends, venues, and customer buying patterns to inspire designs and marketing strategies.27-1012.00 | 0.00160.5 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Develop concepts or creative ideas for craft objects.O*NET Task ID 9252 | 0.5 |
Set specifications for materials, dimensions, and finishes.O*NET Task ID 9253 | 0.5 |
Create prototypes or models of objects to be crafted.O*NET Task ID 9256 | 0.5 |
Sketch or draw objects to be crafted.O*NET Task ID 9257 | 0.5 |
Advertise products and work, using media such as internet advertising and brochures.O*NET Task ID 9258 | 0.5 |
Develop product packaging, display, and pricing strategies.O*NET Task ID 9259 | 0.5 |
Research craft trends, venues, and customer buying patterns to inspire designs and marketing strategies.O*NET Task ID 9260 | 0.5 |
Develop designs using specialized computer software.O*NET Task ID 9261 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (16)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Create functional or decorative objects by hand, using a variety of methods and materials. | Core |
| Cut, shape, fit, join, mold, or otherwise process materials, using hand tools, power tools, or machinery. | Core |
| Select materials for use based on strength, color, texture, balance, weight, size, malleability and other characteristics. | Core |
| Apply finishes to objects being crafted. | Core |
| Develop concepts or creative ideas for craft objects. | Core |
| Set specifications for materials, dimensions, and finishes. | Core |
| Confer with customers to assess customer needs or obtain feedback. | Core |
| Fabricate patterns or templates to guide craft production. | Core |
| Create prototypes or models of objects to be crafted. | Core |
| Sketch or draw objects to be crafted. | Core |
| Advertise products and work, using media such as internet advertising and brochures. | Core |
| Develop product packaging, display, and pricing strategies. | Core |
| Plan and attend craft shows to market products. | Core |
| Pack products for shipping. | Core |
| Research craft trends, venues, and customer buying patterns to inspire designs and marketing strategies. | Supplemental |
| Develop designs using specialized computer software. | Supplemental |
0.63/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Create functional or decorative objects by hand, using a variety of methods and materials. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cut, shape, fit, join, mold, or otherwise process materials, using hand tools, power tools, or machinery. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Select materials for use based on strength, color, texture, balance, weight, size, malleability and other characteristics. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply finishes to objects being crafted. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fabricate patterns or templates to guide craft production. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Create prototypes or models of objects to be crafted. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Plan and attend craft shows to market products. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 12K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 12K
- Change (2025–35)
- +2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $46,080
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 79111 | 도자 공예원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 79112 | 목 공예원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 79114 | 종이 공예원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 79119 | 그 외 공예원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2651Visual Artists
- ISCO-08 3433Gallery, Museum and Library Technicians
- ISCO-08 7314Potters and Related Workers
- ISCO-08 7317Handicraft Workers in Wood, Basketry and Related Materials
- ISCO-08 7319Handicraft Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- antique furniture reproducerESCO 7522.1This occupation is broader
Antique furniture reproducers duplicate and recreate antique furniture. They prepare drawings and templates of the article, create, fit and assemble parts and finish the article after original specifications.
- artisan papermakerESCO 7317.1This occupation is broader
Artisan papermakers create paper slurry, strain it on screens, and dry it manually or using small scale equipment.
- basketmakerESCO 7317.2This occupation is broader
Basketmakers use stiff fibres to manually weave objects such as containers, baskets, mats and furniture. They use various traditional techniques and materials according to the region and the intended use of the object.
- carpet weaverESCO 7318.2This occupation is broader
Carpet weavers operate machinery to create textile floor coverings. They create carpets and rugs from wool or synthetic textiles using specialised equipment. Carpet weavers can use diverse methods such as weaving, knotting or tufting to create carpets of different styles.
- ceramic painterESCO 7316.1.1This occupation is broader
Ceramic painters design and create visual art on ceramic surfaces and objects such as tiles, sculptures, tableware and pottery. They use a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- ceramicistESCO 2651.4This occupation is broader
Ceramicist have an in-depth knowledge of materials and the relevant know-how to develop their own methods of expression and personal projects through ceramic. Their creations can include ceramic sculptures, jewellery, domestic and commercial tablewares and kitchenwares, giftware, garden ceramics, wall and floor tiles.
- decorative painterESCO 7316.1This occupation is broader
Decorative painters design and create visual art on different kinds of surfaces such as pottery, casings, glass and fabric. They use diverse materials and a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- glass artistESCO 2651.7This occupation is broader
Glass artists create original artworks by assembling pieces of glass. They can be involved in restoration processes (such as those going on in cathedrals, churches, etc.) and can create accessoires, windows or decorations.
- glass painterESCO 7316.1.2This occupation is broader
Glass painters design and create visual art on glass or crystal surfaces and objects such as windows, stemware and bottles. They use a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- guitar makerESCO 7312.6.1This occupation is broader
Guitar makers create and assemble parts to build guitars according to specified instructions or diagrams. They work wood, measure and attach strings, test quality of strings and inspect the finished instrument.
- harp makerESCO 7312.6.2This occupation is broader
Harp makers create and assemble parts to create harps according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, measure and attach strings, test quality of strings and inspect the finished instrument.
- harpsichord makerESCO 7312.3.1This occupation is broader
Harpsichord makers create and assemble parts to make harpsichords according to specified instructions or diagrams. They sand wood, tune, test and inspect the finished instrument.
+3 more
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| B1102 | Mosaïste d'art | This occupation is broader |
| B1601 | Métallier / Métallière d'art | This occupation is broader |
| B1617 | Coutelier / Coutelière d'art | This occupation is broader |
| B1201 | Céramiste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| B1304 | Artisan démonstrateur / Artisane démonstratrice | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| B1401 | Vannier / Vannière | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| B1804 | Brodeur / Brodeuse | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| B1816 | Tisserand / Tisserande d'art | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| B1404 | Canneur rempailleur / Canneuse rempailleuse | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| B1618 | Vitrailliste | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7619 | Artesanos no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 7617 | Artesanos en madera y materiales similares; cesteros, bruceros y trabajadores afines | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 7618 | Artesanos en tejidos, cueros y materiales similares, preparadores de fibra y tejedores con telares artesanos o de tejidos de punto y afines | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 7614 | Trabajadores de la cerámica, alfareros y afines | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 93302 | Berufe in Kunsthandwerk und bildender Kunst (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 93432 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Glasbläserei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 93382 | Berufe in Kunsthandwerk und bildender Kunst (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 93512 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Metallgestaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 93513 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Metallgestaltung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 93412 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Keramikgestaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 22352 | Flechtwerkgestalter/innen, Bürsten- und Pinselmacher/innen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93303 | Berufe in Kunsthandwerk und bildender Kunst (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93332 | Berufe in der Drechslerei und Spielzeugherstellung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93342 | Berufe im Vergolderhandwerk - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93393 | Aufsichtskräfte - Kunsthandwerk und bildende Kunst | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93413 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Keramikgestaltung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93433 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Glasbläserei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93493 | Aufsichtskräfte - Kunsthandwerkliche Keramik- und Glasgestaltung | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 93602 | Berufe im Musikinstrumentenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 223 | 工芸美術家 | Same scope |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources