Coaches and Scouts
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 27-2022.00
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the fundamentals of sports for the primary purpose of competition. Demonstrate techniques and methods of participation. May evaluate athletes' strengths and weaknesses as possible recruits or to improve the athletes' technique to prepare them for competition. Those required to hold teaching certifications should be reported in the appropriate teaching category.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 26 hidden tasks28 rated tasks · 16 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (57.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Adjust coaching techniques, based on the strengths and weaknesses of athletes.27-2022.00 | 0.0400100.0 | 0.0100100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Adjust coaching techniques, based on the strengths and weaknesses of athletes.O*NET Task ID 1747 | 1.0 |
File scouting reports that detail player assessments, provide recommendations on athlete recruitment, and identify locations and individuals to be targeted for future recruitment efforts.O*NET Task ID 1748 | 1.0 |
Plan, organize, and conduct practice sessions.O*NET Task ID 1742 | 0.5 |
Plan strategies and choose team members for individual games or sports seasons.O*NET Task ID 1745 | 0.5 |
Plan and direct physical conditioning programs that will enable athletes to achieve maximum performance.O*NET Task ID 1746 | 0.5 |
Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of opposing teams to develop game strategies.O*NET Task ID 1751 | 0.5 |
Evaluate athletes' skills and review performance records to determine their fitness and potential in a particular area of athletics.O*NET Task ID 1752 | 0.5 |
Keep abreast of changing rules, techniques, technologies, and philosophies relevant to their sport.O*NET Task ID 1753 | 0.5 |
Develop and arrange competition schedules and programs.O*NET Task ID 1755 | 0.5 |
Negotiate with professional athletes or their representatives to obtain services and arrange contracts.O*NET Task ID 1762 | 0.5 |
Provide training direction, encouragement, motivation, and nutritional advice to prepare athletes for games, competitive events, or tours.O*NET Task ID 20109 | 0.5 |
Teach instructional courses and advise students.O*NET Task ID 20110 | 0.5 |
Keep and review paper, computerized, and video records of athlete, team, and opposing team performance.O*NET Task ID 20114 | 0.5 |
Monitor the academic eligibility of student athletes.O*NET Task ID 20117 | 0.5 |
Identify and recruit potential athletes by sending recruitment letters, meeting with recruits, and arranging and offering incentives, such as athletic scholarships.O*NET Task ID 20118 | 0.5 |
Oversee the development and management of the sports program budget and fundraising activities.O*NET Task ID 20119 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (27)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Plan, organize, and conduct practice sessions. | Core |
| Plan strategies and choose team members for individual games or sports seasons. | Core |
| Adjust coaching techniques, based on the strengths and weaknesses of athletes. | Core |
| Instruct individuals or groups in sports rules, game strategies, and performance principles, such as specific ways of moving the body, hands, or feet, to achieve desired results. | Core |
| Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of opposing teams to develop game strategies. | Core |
| Evaluate athletes' skills and review performance records to determine their fitness and potential in a particular area of athletics. | Core |
| Keep abreast of changing rules, techniques, technologies, and philosophies relevant to their sport. | Core |
| Monitor athletes' use of equipment to ensure safe and proper use. | Core |
| Explain and enforce safety rules and regulations. | Core |
| Explain and demonstrate the use of sports and training equipment, such as trampolines or weights. | Core |
| Arrange and conduct sports-related activities, such as training camps, skill-improvement courses, clinics, and pre-season try-outs. | Core |
| Provide training direction, encouragement, motivation, and nutritional advice to prepare athletes for games, competitive events, or tours. | Core |
| Contact the parents of players to provide information and answer questions. | Core |
| Coordinate travel arrangements and travel with team to away contests. | Core |
| Counsel student athletes on academic, athletic, and personal issues. | Core |
| Perform activities that support a team or a specific sport, such as participating in community outreach activities, meeting with media representatives, and appearing at fundraising events. | Core |
| Monitor the academic eligibility of student athletes. | Core |
| Plan and direct physical conditioning programs that will enable athletes to achieve maximum performance. | Supplemental |
| File scouting reports that detail player assessments, provide recommendations on athlete recruitment, and identify locations and individuals to be targeted for future recruitment efforts. | Supplemental |
| Develop and arrange competition schedules and programs. | Supplemental |
| Serve as organizer, leader, instructor, or referee for outdoor and indoor games, such as volleyball, football, and soccer. | Supplemental |
| Select, acquire, store, and issue equipment and other materials as necessary. | Supplemental |
| Teach instructional courses and advise students. | Supplemental |
| Hire, supervise, and work with extended coaching staff. | Supplemental |
| Keep and review paper, computerized, and video records of athlete, team, and opposing team performance. | Supplemental |
| Identify and recruit potential athletes by sending recruitment letters, meeting with recruits, and arranging and offering incentives, such as athletic scholarships. | Supplemental |
| Oversee the development and management of the sports program budget and fundraising activities. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Explain and demonstrate the use of sports and training equipment, such as trampolines or weights. | E0 none |
| Arrange and conduct sports-related activities, such as training camps, skill-improvement courses, clinics, and pre-season try-outs. | E0 none |
| Coordinate travel arrangements and travel with team to away contests. | E0 none |
| Serve as organizer, leader, instructor, or referee for outdoor and indoor games, such as volleyball, football, and soccer. | E0 none |
| Select, acquire, store, and issue equipment and other materials as necessary. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 299K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 317K
- Change (2025–35)
- +6.1%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $47,320
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29611 | 스포츠 감독 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 29612 | 스포츠 코치 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3422Sports Coaches, Instructors and Officials
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- football coachESCO 3422.4.1This occupation is broader
Football coaches train amateur or professional football teams of either youths or adults. Football coaches develop and execute training plans and improve or maintain their players physical condition, football technique and tactical abilities. They prepare their team for competitions and choose the line-up and tactics for a game. During a game coaches may give instructions from the sidelines and are in charge of substituting players.
- ice-skating coachESCO 3422.5.3This occupation is broader
Ice-skating coaches teach and train individuals or groups in ice skating and related sports such as figure skating and speed skating. They teach their clients theoretical knowledge and train fitness, strength and physical coordination. Ice-skating instructors prepare and conduct training sessions. They will support their clients if they participate in competitions.
- sports coachESCO 3422.4This occupation is broader
Sports coaches provide instruction in the sport of their specialisation in a recreational context to non-age-specific and age specific participants. They identify already acquired skills and implement suitable training programmes for the groups or individuals they teach in order to develop participants' physical and psychological fitness. They create the most optimal environment for the growth of participant skills and enable them to maximise their performance, while fostering good sportsmanship and character in all participants. Sports coaches also track the participant progress and provide personalised instruction where needed. They supervise sports facilities and changing rooms and maintain uniforms and equipment.
- tennis coachESCO 3422.5.7This occupation is broader
Tennis coaches advise and guide individuals and groups on playing tennis. They conduct lessons and teach the rules and techniques of the sport such as grips, strokes and serves. They motivate their clients and help improve their performance.
- physical education teacher secondary schoolESCO 2330.1.15Overlapping, not the same
Physical education teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, physical education . They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students’ progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students’ knowledge and performance on the subject of physical education through practical, usually physical, tests and examinations.
- sports instructorESCO 3422.5Overlapping, not the same
Sports instructors introduce people to a sport and teach them the skills required for the performance of sport. They have a strong grip on one or more sports, which are often adventure sports, and know how to motivate others and share with them the enjoyment of the activity.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| G1208 | Entraîneur / Entraîneure de sport professionnel et de haut niveau | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| G1219 | Recruteur sportif / Recruteuse sportive | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| G1204 | Educateur sportif / Educatrice sportive | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| G1211 | Analyste de la performance sportive | Related, not a match |
| G1214 | Directeur sportif / Directrice sportive | Related, not a match |
| G1233 | Préparateur mental / Préparatrice mentale du sport | Related, not a match |
| G1210 | Enseignant / Enseignante d'équitation | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3722 | Entrenadores y árbitros de actividades deportivas | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84543 | Trainer/innen - Ballsportarten - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 84503 | Sportlehrer/innen (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 84583 | Sportlehrer/innen (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 245 | 職業スポーツ従事者 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 244 | 個人教師 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources