News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 27-3023.00
Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.210
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.47–0.54· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2642Journalists0.54
- ISCO-08 2656Announcers on Radio, Television and Other Media0.47
Task-level exposure
Show 22 hidden tasks30 rated tasks · 30 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Select material most pertinent to presentation, and organize this material into appropriate formats.27-3023.00 | 0.660041.0 | 0.870064.0 |
Revise work to meet editorial approval or to fit time or space requirements.27-3023.00 | 0.400024.8 | 0.160011.8 |
Review written, audio, or video copy, and correct errors in content, grammar, or punctuation, following prescribed editorial style and formatting guidelines.27-3023.00 | 0.290018.0 | 0.180013.2 |
Write commentaries, columns, or scripts, using computers.27-3023.00 | 0.13008.1 | 0.02001.5 |
Determine a published or broadcasted story's emphasis, length, and format, organizing material accordingly.27-3023.00 | 0.09005.6 | 0.10007.4 |
Write online blog entries that address news developments or offer additional information, opinions, or commentary on news events.27-3023.00 | 0.02001.2 | 0.01000.7 |
Write columns, editorials, commentaries, or reviews that interpret events or offer opinions.27-3023.00 | 0.02001.2 | 0.01000.7 |
Analyze and interpret news and information received from various sources to broadcast the information.27-3023.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.01000.7 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write commentaries, columns, or scripts, using computers.O*NET Task ID 22623 | 1.0 |
Revise work to meet editorial approval or to fit time or space requirements.O*NET Task ID 22635 | 1.0 |
Review and evaluate notes taken about news events to isolate pertinent facts and details.O*NET Task ID 22636 | 1.0 |
Review written, audio, or video copy, and correct errors in content, grammar, or punctuation, following prescribed editorial style and formatting guidelines.O*NET Task ID 22638 | 1.0 |
Discuss issues with editors to establish priorities or positions.O*NET Task ID 22643 | 1.0 |
Develop ideas or material for columns or commentaries by analyzing and interpreting news, current issues, or personal experiences.O*NET Task ID 22648 | 1.0 |
Communicate with readers, viewers, advertisers, or the general public via mail, email, or telephone.O*NET Task ID 22649 | 1.0 |
Write online blog entries that address news developments or offer additional information, opinions, or commentary on news events.O*NET Task ID 22650 | 1.0 |
Write columns, editorials, commentaries, or reviews that interpret events or offer opinions.O*NET Task ID 22652 | 1.0 |
Coordinate and serve as an anchor on news broadcast programs.O*NET Task ID 22624 | 0.5 |
Examine news items of local, national, and international significance to determine topics to address, or obtain assignments from editorial staff members.O*NET Task ID 22625 | 0.5 |
Analyze and interpret news and information received from various sources to broadcast the information.O*NET Task ID 22626 | 0.5 |
Receive assignments or evaluate leads or tips to develop story ideas.O*NET Task ID 22627 | 0.5 |
Research a story's background information to provide complete and accurate information.O*NET Task ID 22628 | 0.5 |
Arrange interviews with people who can provide information about a story.O*NET Task ID 22629 | 0.5 |
Gather information and develop perspectives about news subjects through research, interviews, observation, and experience.O*NET Task ID 22630 | 0.5 |
Select material most pertinent to presentation, and organize this material into appropriate formats.O*NET Task ID 22631 | 0.5 |
Present news stories, and introduce in-depth videotaped segments or live transmissions from on-the-scene reporters.O*NET Task ID 22632 | 0.5 |
Establish and maintain relationships with individuals who are credible sources of information.O*NET Task ID 22633 | 0.5 |
Report news stories for publication or broadcast, describing the background and details of events.O*NET Task ID 22634 | 0.5 |
Investigate breaking news developments, such as disasters, crimes, or human-interest stories.O*NET Task ID 22637 | 0.5 |
Report on specialized fields such as medicine, green technology, environmental issues, science, politics, sports, arts, consumer affairs, business, religion, crime, or education.O*NET Task ID 22639 | 0.5 |
Determine a published or broadcasted story's emphasis, length, and format, organizing material accordingly.O*NET Task ID 22640 | 0.5 |
Transmit news stories or reporting information from remote locations, using equipment such as satellite phones, telephones, fax machines, or modems.O*NET Task ID 22641 | 0.5 |
Check reference materials, such as books, news files, or public records, to obtain relevant facts.O*NET Task ID 22642 | 0.5 |
Photograph or videotape news events.O*NET Task ID 22644 | 0.5 |
Present live or recorded commentary via broadcast media.O*NET Task ID 22645 | 0.5 |
Take pictures or video, and process them for inclusion in a story.O*NET Task ID 22646 | 0.5 |
Conduct taped or filmed interviews or narratives.O*NET Task ID 22647 | 0.5 |
Assign stories to other reporters or duties to production staff.O*NET Task ID 22651 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Write commentaries, columns, or scripts, using computers. | Core |
| Examine news items of local, national, and international significance to determine topics to address, or obtain assignments from editorial staff members. | Core |
| Analyze and interpret news and information received from various sources to broadcast the information. | Core |
| Receive assignments or evaluate leads or tips to develop story ideas. | Core |
| Research a story's background information to provide complete and accurate information. | Core |
| Arrange interviews with people who can provide information about a story. | Core |
| Gather information and develop perspectives about news subjects through research, interviews, observation, and experience. | Core |
| Select material most pertinent to presentation, and organize this material into appropriate formats. | Core |
| Establish and maintain relationships with individuals who are credible sources of information. | Core |
| Report news stories for publication or broadcast, describing the background and details of events. | Core |
| Revise work to meet editorial approval or to fit time or space requirements. | Core |
| Review and evaluate notes taken about news events to isolate pertinent facts and details. | Core |
| Investigate breaking news developments, such as disasters, crimes, or human-interest stories. | Core |
| Review written, audio, or video copy, and correct errors in content, grammar, or punctuation, following prescribed editorial style and formatting guidelines. | Core |
| Report on specialized fields such as medicine, green technology, environmental issues, science, politics, sports, arts, consumer affairs, business, religion, crime, or education. | Core |
| Determine a published or broadcasted story's emphasis, length, and format, organizing material accordingly. | Core |
| Transmit news stories or reporting information from remote locations, using equipment such as satellite phones, telephones, fax machines, or modems. | Core |
| Check reference materials, such as books, news files, or public records, to obtain relevant facts. | Core |
| Discuss issues with editors to establish priorities or positions. | Core |
| Photograph or videotape news events. | Core |
| Take pictures or video, and process them for inclusion in a story. | Core |
| Conduct taped or filmed interviews or narratives. | Core |
| Develop ideas or material for columns or commentaries by analyzing and interpreting news, current issues, or personal experiences. | Core |
| Communicate with readers, viewers, advertisers, or the general public via mail, email, or telephone. | Core |
| Write online blog entries that address news developments or offer additional information, opinions, or commentary on news events. | Core |
| Write columns, editorials, commentaries, or reviews that interpret events or offer opinions. | Core |
| Coordinate and serve as an anchor on news broadcast programs. | Supplemental |
| Present news stories, and introduce in-depth videotaped segments or live transmissions from on-the-scene reporters. | Supplemental |
| Present live or recorded commentary via broadcast media. | Supplemental |
| Assign stories to other reporters or duties to production staff. | Supplemental |
0.07/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Photograph or videotape news events. | E2 structured facilities |
| Take pictures or video, and process them for inclusion in a story. | E2 structured facilities |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 47K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 44K
- Change (2025–35)
- -5.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $62,200
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29131 | 기자 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 29139 | 그 외 언론 관련 전문가 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 29132 | 평론가 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 29332 | 리포터 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2642Journalists
- ISCO-08 2656Announcers on Radio, Television and Other Media
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- business journalistESCO 2642.1.3This occupation is broader
Business journalists research and write articles about economy and economic events for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews and attend events.
- crime journalistESCO 2642.1.6This occupation is broader
Crime journalists research and write articles about criminal events for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews and attend court hearings.
- entertainment journalistESCO 2642.1.9This occupation is broader
Entertainment journalists research and write articles about cultural and social events for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews with artists and celebrities and attend events.
- journalistESCO 2642.1This occupation is broader
Journalists research, verify and write news stories for newspapers, magazines, television and other broadcast media. They cover political, economic, cultural, social and sport events. Journalists must conform to ethical codes such as freedom of speech and right of reply, press law and editorial standards in order to bring objective information.
- magazine editorESCO 2642.1.12This occupation is broader
Magazine editors decide which stories are interesting enough and will be covered in the magazine. They assign journalists to each item. Magazine editors determine the length of each article and where it will be featured in the magazine. They also ensure that publications are finished on time for publishing.
- sports journalistESCO 2642.1.16This occupation is broader
Sports journalists research and write articles about sport events and athletes for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews and attend events.
- foreign correspondentESCO 2642.1.11Overlapping, not the same
Foreign correspondents research and write news stories of international importance for newspapers, journals, magazines, radio, television and other media. They are stationed in a foreign country.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| E1106 | Journaliste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| E1114 | Reporter / Reportrice | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| E1118 | Présentateur / Présentatrice journaliste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2922 | Periodistas | Same scopeprovisional |
| 2936 | Locutores de radio, televisión y otros presentadores | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 92414 | Redakteure/Redakteurinnen und Journalisten/Journalistinnen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Same scope |
| 92413 | Redakteure/Redakteurinnen und Journalisten/Journalistinnen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 94334 | Hörfunk- und Fernsehmoderatoren/-moderatorinnen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 92412 | Redakteure/Redakteurinnen und Journalisten/Journalistinnen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 212 | 記者，編集者 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources