Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 27-3043.05
Create original written works, such as scripts, essays, prose, poetry or song lyrics, for publication or performance.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.246
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.55· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2431Advertising and Marketing Professionals0.55
- ISCO-08 2641Authors and Related Writers0.55
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only16 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (87.5%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.27-3043.05 | 0.740034.3 | 0.08007.5 |
Develop factors such as themes, plots, characterizations, psychological analyses, historical environments, action, and dialogue to create material.27-3043.05 | 0.490022.7 | 0.520049.1 |
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.27-3043.05 | 0.450020.8 | 0.240022.6 |
Choose subject matter and suitable form to express personal feelings and experiences or ideas, or to narrate stories or events.27-3043.05 | 0.17007.9 | 0.140013.2 |
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.27-3043.05 | 0.15006.9 | 0.04003.8 |
Write humorous material for publication, or for performances such as comedy routines, gags, and comedy shows.27-3043.05 | 0.07003.2 | 0.03002.8 |
Write words to fit musical compositions, including lyrics for operas, musical plays, and choral works.27-3043.05 | 0.05002.3 | —0 |
Write narrative, dramatic, lyric, or other types of poetry for publication.27-3043.05 | 0.04001.9 | 0.01000.9 |
Confer with clients, editors, publishers, or producers to discuss changes or revisions to written material.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 4 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work. | —0 | —0 |
Attend book launches and publicity events, or conduct public readings. | —0 | —0 |
Adapt text to accommodate musical requirements of composers and singers. | —0 | —0 |
Teach writing classes. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.O*NET Task ID 11046 | 1.0 |
Choose subject matter and suitable form to express personal feelings and experiences or ideas, or to narrate stories or events.O*NET Task ID 11047 | 1.0 |
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.O*NET Task ID 11048 | 1.0 |
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.O*NET Task ID 11049 | 1.0 |
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.O*NET Task ID 11050 | 1.0 |
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.O*NET Task ID 11051 | 1.0 |
Develop factors such as themes, plots, characterizations, psychological analyses, historical environments, action, and dialogue to create material.O*NET Task ID 11052 | 1.0 |
Confer with clients, editors, publishers, or producers to discuss changes or revisions to written material.O*NET Task ID 11053 | 1.0 |
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.O*NET Task ID 11054 | 1.0 |
Write narrative, dramatic, lyric, or other types of poetry for publication.O*NET Task ID 11055 | 1.0 |
Write words to fit musical compositions, including lyrics for operas, musical plays, and choral works.O*NET Task ID 11057 | 1.0 |
Adapt text to accommodate musical requirements of composers and singers.O*NET Task ID 11058 | 1.0 |
Write humorous material for publication, or for performances such as comedy routines, gags, and comedy shows.O*NET Task ID 11060 | 1.0 |
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.O*NET Task ID 11061 | 1.0 |
Attend book launches and publicity events, or conduct public readings.O*NET Task ID 11056 | 0.0 |
Teach writing classes.O*NET Task ID 11059 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (16)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers. | Core |
| Choose subject matter and suitable form to express personal feelings and experiences or ideas, or to narrate stories or events. | Core |
| Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly. | Core |
| Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers. | Core |
| Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work. | Core |
| Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays. | Core |
| Develop factors such as themes, plots, characterizations, psychological analyses, historical environments, action, and dialogue to create material. | Core |
| Confer with clients, editors, publishers, or producers to discuss changes or revisions to written material. | Core |
| Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews. | Core |
| Attend book launches and publicity events, or conduct public readings. | Core |
| Write narrative, dramatic, lyric, or other types of poetry for publication. | Supplemental |
| Write words to fit musical compositions, including lyrics for operas, musical plays, and choral works. | Supplemental |
| Adapt text to accommodate musical requirements of composers and singers. | Supplemental |
| Teach writing classes. | Supplemental |
| Write humorous material for publication, or for performances such as comedy routines, gags, and comedy shows. | Supplemental |
| Collaborate with other writers on specific projects. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 27-3043 group (Writers and authors), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 140K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 140K
- Change (2025–35)
- -0.3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $76,910
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29111 | 방송 및 시나리오 작가 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 29112 | 문학 작가 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2431Advertising and Marketing Professionals
- ISCO-08 2641Authors and Related Writers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- lyricistESCO 2641.4.1This occupation is broader
Lyricists interpret the style of a music piece and write words to accompany the melody. They work together with the music composer.
- script writerESCO 2641.4.2This occupation is broader
Script writers create scripts for motion pictures or television series. They write a detailed story that consists of plot, characters, dialogue and physical environment.
- vloggerESCO 2642.1.17This occupation is broader
Vloggers make online videos to talk about a wide range of subjects such as politics, fashion, economics and sports. They can relate objective facts, but often they also give their opinion on the related topic. Vloggers post these videos online on social media or streaming platforms, often accompanied with written text. They also interact with their viewers via comments.
- writerESCO 2641.4This occupation is broader
Writers develop content for books. They write novels, poetry, short stories, comics and other forms of literature. These forms of writing can be fictional or non-fictional.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| E1102 | Auteur / Auteure | Same scopeprovisional |
| E1134 | Scénariste | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| L1213 | Auteur-compositeur-interprète / Auteure-compositrice-interprète | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2921 | Escritores | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 92434 | Autoren/Autorinnen und Schriftsteller/innen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 211 | 著述家 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources