Audio and Video Technicians
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 27-4011.00
Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.017
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.35
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 19 hidden tasks29 rated tasks · 23 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (79.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 27-4011.00 Audio and Video Equipment Technicians, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Determine formats, approaches, content, levels, and mediums to effectively meet objectives within budgetary constraints, using research, knowledge, and training.27-4011.00 | 0.072451.6 |
Develop manuals, texts, workbooks, or related materials for use in conjunction with production materials or for training.27-4011.00 | 0.016912.1 |
Produce rough and finished graphics and graphic designs.27-4011.00 | 0.014310.2 |
Plan and develop pre-production ideas into outlines, scripts, story boards, and graphics, using own ideas or specifications of assignments.27-4011.00 | 0.01208.5 |
Diagnose and resolve media system problems.27-4011.00 | 0.00876.2 |
Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations.27-4011.00 | 0.00523.7 |
Perform narration of productions or present announcements.27-4011.00 | 0.00352.5 |
Conduct training sessions on selection, use, and design of audio-visual materials and on operation of presentation equipment.27-4011.00 | 0.00261.9 |
Mix and regulate sound inputs and feeds or coordinate audio feeds with television pictures.27-4011.00 | 0.00251.8 |
Design layouts of audio and video equipment and perform upgrades and maintenance.27-4011.00 | 0.00211.5 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain inventories of audio and videotapes and related supplies.O*NET Task ID 3995 | 1.0 |
Inform users of audio and videotaping service policies and procedures.O*NET Task ID 3998 | 1.0 |
Develop manuals, texts, workbooks, or related materials for use in conjunction with production materials or for training.O*NET Task ID 4005 | 1.0 |
Perform narration of productions or present announcements.O*NET Task ID 4006 | 1.0 |
Analyze and maintain data logs for audio-visual activities.O*NET Task ID 18652 | 1.0 |
Monitor incoming and outgoing pictures and sound feeds to ensure quality and notify directors of any possible problems.O*NET Task ID 3981 | 0.5 |
Mix and regulate sound inputs and feeds or coordinate audio feeds with television pictures.O*NET Task ID 3982 | 0.5 |
Design layouts of audio and video equipment and perform upgrades and maintenance.O*NET Task ID 3984 | 0.5 |
Switch sources of video input from one camera or studio to another, from film to live programming, or from network to local programming.O*NET Task ID 3987 | 0.5 |
Compress, digitize, duplicate, and store audio and video data.O*NET Task ID 3990 | 0.5 |
Obtain, set up, and load videotapes for scheduled productions or broadcasts.O*NET Task ID 3991 | 0.5 |
Edit videotapes by erasing and removing portions of programs and adding video or sound as required.O*NET Task ID 3992 | 0.5 |
Plan and develop pre-production ideas into outlines, scripts, story boards, and graphics, using own ideas or specifications of assignments.O*NET Task ID 3994 | 0.5 |
Determine formats, approaches, content, levels, and mediums to effectively meet objectives within budgetary constraints, using research, knowledge, and training.O*NET Task ID 3996 | 0.5 |
Record and edit audio material, such as movie soundtracks, using audio recording and editing equipment.O*NET Task ID 3997 | 0.5 |
Obtain and preview musical performance programs prior to events to become familiar with the order and approximate times of pieces.O*NET Task ID 3999 | 0.5 |
Produce rough and finished graphics and graphic designs.O*NET Task ID 4000 | 0.5 |
Locate and secure settings, properties, effects, and other production necessities.O*NET Task ID 4001 | 0.5 |
Control the lights and sound of events, such as live concerts, before and after performances, and during intermissions.O*NET Task ID 4002 | 0.5 |
Organize and maintain compliance, license, and warranty information related to audio and video facilities.O*NET Task ID 4004 | 0.5 |
Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations.O*NET Task ID 18649 | 0.5 |
Diagnose and resolve media system problems.O*NET Task ID 18650 | 0.5 |
Reserve audio-visual equipment and facilities, such as meeting rooms.O*NET Task ID 18651 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (29)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Notify supervisors when major equipment repairs are needed. | Core |
| Design layouts of audio and video equipment and perform upgrades and maintenance. | Core |
| Perform minor repairs and routine cleaning of audio and video equipment. | Core |
| Switch sources of video input from one camera or studio to another, from film to live programming, or from network to local programming. | Core |
| Compress, digitize, duplicate, and store audio and video data. | Core |
| Direct and coordinate activities of assistants and other personnel during production. | Core |
| Record and edit audio material, such as movie soundtracks, using audio recording and editing equipment. | Core |
| Control the lights and sound of events, such as live concerts, before and after performances, and during intermissions. | Core |
| Conduct training sessions on selection, use, and design of audio-visual materials and on operation of presentation equipment. | Core |
| Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations. | Core |
| Diagnose and resolve media system problems. | Core |
| Monitor incoming and outgoing pictures and sound feeds to ensure quality and notify directors of any possible problems. | Supplemental |
| Mix and regulate sound inputs and feeds or coordinate audio feeds with television pictures. | Supplemental |
| Meet with directors and senior members of camera crews to discuss assignments and determine filming sequences, camera movements, and picture composition. | Supplemental |
| Construct and position properties, sets, lighting equipment, and other equipment. | Supplemental |
| Obtain, set up, and load videotapes for scheduled productions or broadcasts. | Supplemental |
| Edit videotapes by erasing and removing portions of programs and adding video or sound as required. | Supplemental |
| Plan and develop pre-production ideas into outlines, scripts, story boards, and graphics, using own ideas or specifications of assignments. | Supplemental |
| Maintain inventories of audio and videotapes and related supplies. | Supplemental |
| Determine formats, approaches, content, levels, and mediums to effectively meet objectives within budgetary constraints, using research, knowledge, and training. | Supplemental |
| Inform users of audio and videotaping service policies and procedures. | Supplemental |
| Obtain and preview musical performance programs prior to events to become familiar with the order and approximate times of pieces. | Supplemental |
| Produce rough and finished graphics and graphic designs. | Supplemental |
| Locate and secure settings, properties, effects, and other production necessities. | Supplemental |
| Organize and maintain compliance, license, and warranty information related to audio and video facilities. | Supplemental |
| Develop manuals, texts, workbooks, or related materials for use in conjunction with production materials or for training. | Supplemental |
| Perform narration of productions or present announcements. | Supplemental |
| Reserve audio-visual equipment and facilities, such as meeting rooms. | Supplemental |
| Analyze and maintain data logs for audio-visual activities. | Supplemental |
0.04/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Design layouts of audio and video equipment and perform upgrades and maintenance. | E0 none |
| Perform minor repairs and routine cleaning of audio and video equipment. | E0 none |
| Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations. | E0 none |
| Diagnose and resolve media system problems. | E0 none |
| Construct and position properties, sets, lighting equipment, and other equipment. | E0 none |
| Obtain, set up, and load videotapes for scheduled productions or broadcasts. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Maintain inventories of audio and videotapes and related supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Locate and secure settings, properties, effects, and other production necessities. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 88K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 91K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $58,100
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29350 | 음향 및 녹음 기사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 29360 | 영상‧녹화 및 편집 기사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3521Broadcasting and Audio-visual Technicians
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians control technical functioning of equipment to record and edit images and sound and for transmitting radio and television broadcasts of images and sounds, as well as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft.
Tasks
- (a) controlling equipment to record sound;
- (b) controlling equipment to edit and mix image and sound recordings to ensure satisfactory quality and to create special image and sound effects;
- (c) applying knowledge of principles and practices of image and sound recording and editing in order to identify and solve problems;
- (d) controlling transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for radio and television programmes;
- (e) controlling radio communications systems, satellite services and multiplex systems on land, sea or in aircraft;
- (f) applying knowledge of principles and practices of broadcasting, telecommunications terminals and transmissions systems, in order to identify and solve problems;
- (g) making emergency repairs to equipment.
Example occupations
Audio-visual operator · Broadcasting equipment operator · Broadcast technician · Camera operator (motion picture) · Camera operator (video) · Production assistant (media)
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- audio production technicianESCO 3521.1.1This occupation is broader
Audio production technicians set up, prepare, check and maintain equipment in order to provide optimal sound quality for a live performance. They cooperate with road crew to unload, set up and operate sound equipment and instruments.
- audio-visual technicianESCO 3521.1This occupation is broader
Audio-visual technicians set up, operate and maintain equipment to record and edit images and sound for radio and television broadcasts, at live events and for telecommunication signals.
- boom operatorESCO 3521.1.2This occupation is broader
Boom operators set up and operate the boom microphone, either by hand, on an arm or on a moving platform. They make sure that every microphone is correctly stationed on set and in the best position to capture the dialogues. Boom operators are also responsible for the microphones on the actors clothing.
- instrument technicianESCO 7312.2This occupation is broader
Instrument technicians assist and support musicians before, during and after the performance to ensure the instruments and the connected equipment, the backline, are setup properly. They maintain, check, tune and repair instruments and assist with quick changes.
- recording studio technicianESCO 3521.1.7This occupation is broader
Recording studio technicians operate and maintain microphones and headsets in recording booths in recording studios. They operate mixing panels. Recording studio technicians manage all sound production requirements. They advise singers on the use of their voice. Recording studio technicians edit recordings into a finished product.
- sound operatorESCO 3521.1.11This occupation is broader
Sound operators control the sound of a performance based on the artistic or creative concept, in interaction with the performers. Their work is influenced by and influences the results of other operators. Therefore, the operators work closely together with the designers and performers. They prepare audio fragments, supervise the setup, steer the technical crew, program the equipment and operate the sound system. Their work is based on plans, instructions and other documentation.
- video technicianESCO 3521.1.13This occupation is broader
Video technicians set up, prepare, check and maintain equipment in order to provide optimal projected image quality for a live performance. They cooperate with road crew to unload, set up and operate video equipment and instruments.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1329 | Technicien / Technicienne d'exploitation et de maintenance des équipements audiovisuels | Overlapping, not the same |
| L1519 | Technicien / Technicienne vidéo | Overlapping, not the same |
| L1511 | Technicien / Technicienne spectacle en site de divertissement | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3831 | Técnicos de grabación audiovisual | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 94532 | Berufe in der Bild- und Tontechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 94533 | Berufe in der Bild- und Tontechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 94512 | Berufe in der Veranstaltungs- und Bühnentechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 246 | 通信機器操作従事者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources