Nurse Anesthetists
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-1151.00
Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.25
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
24 rated tasks · 8 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (33.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Perform or evaluate the results of diagnostic tests, such as radiographs (x-rays) and electrocardiograms (EKGs).29-1151.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 23 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Administer post-anesthesia medications or fluids to support patients' cardiovascular systems. | —0 | —0 |
Evaluate patients' post-surgical or post-anesthesia responses, taking appropriate corrective actions or requesting consultation if complications occur. | —0 | —0 |
Perform pre-anesthetic screenings, including physical evaluations and patient interviews, and document results. | —0 | —0 |
Select and prescribe post-anesthesia medications or treatments to patients. | —0 | —0 |
Select, order, or administer pre-anesthetic medications. | —0 | —0 |
Discharge patients from post-anesthesia care. | —0 | —0 |
Manage patients' airway or pulmonary status, using techniques such as endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, pharmacological support, respiratory therapy, and extubation. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor patients' responses, including skin color, pupil dilation, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, ventilation, or urine output, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. | —0 | —0 |
Perform or manage regional anesthetic techniques, such as local, spinal, epidural, caudal, nerve blocks and intravenous blocks. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare prescribed solutions and administer local, intravenous, spinal, or other anesthetics, following specified methods and procedures. | —0 | —0 |
Respond to emergency situations by providing airway management, administering emergency fluids or drugs, or using basic or advanced cardiac life support techniques. | —0 | —0 |
Select, order, or administer anesthetics, adjuvant drugs, accessory drugs, fluids or blood products as necessary. | —0 | —0 |
Assess patients' medical histories to predict anesthesia response. | —0 | —0 |
Develop anesthesia care plans. | —0 | —0 |
Obtain informed consent from patients for anesthesia procedures. | —0 | —0 |
Select, prepare, or use equipment, monitors, supplies, or drugs for the administration of anesthetics. | —0 | —0 |
Calibrate and test anesthesia equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Disassemble and clean anesthesia equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Insert arterial catheters or perform arterial punctures to obtain arterial blood samples. | —0 | —0 |
Insert peripheral or central intravenous catheters. | —0 | —0 |
Instruct nurses, residents, interns, students, or other staff on topics such as anesthetic techniques, pain management and emergency responses. | —0 | —0 |
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, and participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing. | —0 | —0 |
Request anesthesia equipment repairs, adjustments, or safety tests. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Perform pre-anesthetic screenings, including physical evaluations and patient interviews, and document results.O*NET Task ID 18356 | 0.5 |
Select and prescribe post-anesthesia medications or treatments to patients.O*NET Task ID 18357 | 0.5 |
Select, order, or administer pre-anesthetic medications.O*NET Task ID 18358 | 0.5 |
Perform or evaluate the results of diagnostic tests, such as radiographs (x-rays) and electrocardiograms (EKGs).O*NET Task ID 18360 | 0.5 |
Assess patients' medical histories to predict anesthesia response.O*NET Task ID 18367 | 0.5 |
Develop anesthesia care plans.O*NET Task ID 18368 | 0.5 |
Instruct nurses, residents, interns, students, or other staff on topics such as anesthetic techniques, pain management and emergency responses.O*NET Task ID 18375 | 0.5 |
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, and participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing.O*NET Task ID 18376 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (24)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Administer post-anesthesia medications or fluids to support patients' cardiovascular systems. | Core |
| Evaluate patients' post-surgical or post-anesthesia responses, taking appropriate corrective actions or requesting consultation if complications occur. | Core |
| Perform pre-anesthetic screenings, including physical evaluations and patient interviews, and document results. | Core |
| Select and prescribe post-anesthesia medications or treatments to patients. | Core |
| Select, order, or administer pre-anesthetic medications. | Core |
| Discharge patients from post-anesthesia care. | Core |
| Perform or evaluate the results of diagnostic tests, such as radiographs (x-rays) and electrocardiograms (EKGs). | Core |
| Manage patients' airway or pulmonary status, using techniques such as endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, pharmacological support, respiratory therapy, and extubation. | Core |
| Monitor patients' responses, including skin color, pupil dilation, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, ventilation, or urine output, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. | Core |
| Perform or manage regional anesthetic techniques, such as local, spinal, epidural, caudal, nerve blocks and intravenous blocks. | Core |
| Prepare prescribed solutions and administer local, intravenous, spinal, or other anesthetics, following specified methods and procedures. | Core |
| Respond to emergency situations by providing airway management, administering emergency fluids or drugs, or using basic or advanced cardiac life support techniques. | Core |
| Select, order, or administer anesthetics, adjuvant drugs, accessory drugs, fluids or blood products as necessary. | Core |
| Assess patients' medical histories to predict anesthesia response. | Core |
| Develop anesthesia care plans. | Core |
| Obtain informed consent from patients for anesthesia procedures. | Core |
| Select, prepare, or use equipment, monitors, supplies, or drugs for the administration of anesthetics. | Core |
| Calibrate and test anesthesia equipment. | Core |
| Disassemble and clean anesthesia equipment. | Core |
| Insert arterial catheters or perform arterial punctures to obtain arterial blood samples. | Core |
| Insert peripheral or central intravenous catheters. | Core |
| Instruct nurses, residents, interns, students, or other staff on topics such as anesthetic techniques, pain management and emergency responses. | Core |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, and participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing. | Core |
| Request anesthesia equipment repairs, adjustments, or safety tests. | Core |
0.18/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Administer post-anesthesia medications or fluids to support patients' cardiovascular systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Evaluate patients' post-surgical or post-anesthesia responses, taking appropriate corrective actions or requesting consultation if complications occur. | E0 none |
| Perform pre-anesthetic screenings, including physical evaluations and patient interviews, and document results. | E0 none |
| Select, order, or administer pre-anesthetic medications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Manage patients' airway or pulmonary status, using techniques such as endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, pharmacological support, respiratory therapy, and extubation. | E0 none |
| Monitor patients' responses, including skin color, pupil dilation, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, ventilation, or urine output, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. | E0 none |
| Perform or manage regional anesthetic techniques, such as local, spinal, epidural, caudal, nerve blocks and intravenous blocks. | E0 none |
| Prepare prescribed solutions and administer local, intravenous, spinal, or other anesthetics, following specified methods and procedures. | E0 none |
| Respond to emergency situations by providing airway management, administering emergency fluids or drugs, or using basic or advanced cardiac life support techniques. | E0 none |
| Select, order, or administer anesthetics, adjuvant drugs, accessory drugs, fluids or blood products as necessary. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Select, prepare, or use equipment, monitors, supplies, or drugs for the administration of anesthetics. | E0 none |
| Calibrate and test anesthesia equipment. | E0 none |
| Disassemble and clean anesthesia equipment. | E0 none |
| Insert arterial catheters or perform arterial punctures to obtain arterial blood samples. | E0 none |
| Insert peripheral or central intravenous catheters. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 55K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 60K
- Change (2025–35)
- +9.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $236,590
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24401 | 전문 간호사 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2221Nursing Professionals
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Nursing professionals provide treatment, support and care services for people who are in need of nursing care due to the effects of ageing, injury, illness or other physical or mental impairment, or potential risks to health. They assume responsibility for the planning and management of the care of patients, including the supervision of other health care workers, working autonomously or in teams with medical doctors and others in the practical application of preventive and curative measures.
Tasks
- (a) planning, providing and evaluating nursing care for patients according to the practice and standards of modern nursing;
- (b) coordinating the care of patients in consultation with other health professionals and members of health teams;
- (c) developing and implementing care plans for the biological, social and psychological treatment of patients in collaboration with other health professionals;
- (d) planning and providing personal care, treatments and therapies including administering medications, and monitoring responses to treatment or care plan;
- (e) cleaning wounds and applying surgical dressings and bandages
- (f) monitoring pain and discomfort experienced by patients and alleviating pain using a variety of therapies, including the use of painkilling drugs;
- (g) planning and participating in health education programmes, health promotion and nurse education activities in clinical and community settings;
- (h) answering questions from patients and families and providing information about prevention of ill-health, treatment and care;
- (i) supervising and coordinating the work of other nursing, health and personal care workers;
- (j) conducting research on nursing practices and procedures and disseminating findings such as through scientific papers and reports.
Example occupations
Clinical nurse consultant · District nurse · Nurse anaesthetist · Nurse educator · Nurse practitioner · Operating theatre nurse · Professional nurse · Public health nurse · Specialist nurse
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- specialist nurseESCO 2221.3This occupation is narrower
Specialist nurses promote and restore people's health, and diagnose and care within a specific branch of the nursing field. Examples of such specialist nursing jobs include but are not restricted to; ambulatory care nurse, advanced practice nurse, cardiac nurse, dental nurse, community health nurse, forensic nurse, gastroenterology nurse, hospice and palliative care nurse, paediatric nurse, public health nurse, rehabilitation nurse, renal nurse and school nurse. Specialist nurses are general care nurses prepared beyond the level of a nurse generalist and authorised to practice as specialists with specific expertise in a branch of the nursing field.
- anaesthetic technicianESCO 3259.1Overlapping, not the same
Anaesthetic technicians assist specialised doctors in anaesthetics. They prepare operating theatres and other specialised clinics for anaesthetic procedures, prepare the equipment needed for anaesthesia, and assist with inducing and maintaining adequate anaesthesia and post-anaesthesia procedures. They do so under supervision, following the orders of the doctor of medicine.
- doctors' surgery assistantESCO 3256.1Overlapping, not the same
Doctors' surgery assistants support doctors of medicine in medical measures, in performing simple support activities during medical procedures, standardised diagnostic programmes and standardised point-of-care tests, ensuring surgery hygiene, cleaning, disinfecting, sterilising and maintaining medical devices and performing the organisational and administrative tasks required for operating a doctor`s surgery under supervision, following the orders of the doctor of medicine.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1503 | Infirmier / Infirmière anesthésiste (IADE) | Same scopeprovisional |
| J1124 | Médecin Anesthésiste Réanimateur / Réanimatrice (MAR) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2122 | Enfermeros especializados (excepto matronos) | This occupation is narrower |
| 2121 | Enfermeros no especializados | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81313 | Berufe in der Fachkrankenpflege - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 81332 | Berufe in der operations-/medizintechnischen Assistenz - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 133 | 看護師（准看護師を含む） | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources