- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-1181.00
Assess and treat persons with hearing and related disorders. May fit hearing aids and provide auditory training. May perform research related to hearing problems.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.24
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 18 hidden tasks22 rated tasks · 17 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (77.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Recommend assistive devices according to patients' needs or nature of impairments.29-1181.00 | 0.003334.8 |
Provide information to the public on hearing or balance topics.29-1181.00 | 0.003132.6 |
Conduct or direct research on hearing or balance topics and report findings to help in the development of procedures, technology, or treatments.29-1181.00 | 0.001516.3 |
Measure noise levels in workplaces and conduct hearing conservation programs in industry, military, schools, and communities.29-1181.00 | 0.001516.3 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Provide information to the public on hearing or balance topics.O*NET Task ID 18683 | 1.0 |
Perform administrative tasks, such as managing office functions and finances.O*NET Task ID 18689 | 1.0 |
Maintain patient records at all stages, including initial and subsequent evaluation and treatment activities.O*NET Task ID 18690 | 1.0 |
Develop and supervise hearing screening programs.O*NET Task ID 7875 | 0.5 |
Counsel and instruct patients and their families in techniques to improve hearing and communication related to hearing loss.O*NET Task ID 18672 | 0.5 |
Evaluate hearing and balance disorders to determine diagnoses and courses of treatment.O*NET Task ID 18673 | 0.5 |
Program and monitor cochlear implants to fit the needs of patients.O*NET Task ID 18674 | 0.5 |
Participate in conferences or training to update or share knowledge of new hearing or balance disorder treatment methods or technologies.O*NET Task ID 18675 | 0.5 |
Conduct or direct research on hearing or balance topics and report findings to help in the development of procedures, technology, or treatments.O*NET Task ID 18676 | 0.5 |
Plan and conduct treatment programs for patients' hearing or balance problems, consulting with educators, physicians, nurses, psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and other health care personnel, as necessary.O*NET Task ID 18677 | 0.5 |
Engage in marketing activities, such as developing marketing plans, to promote business for private practices.O*NET Task ID 18679 | 0.5 |
Recommend assistive devices according to patients' needs or nature of impairments.O*NET Task ID 18680 | 0.5 |
Advise educators or other medical staff on hearing or balance topics.O*NET Task ID 18682 | 0.5 |
Work with multidisciplinary teams to assess and rehabilitate recipients of implanted hearing devices through auditory training and counseling.O*NET Task ID 18685 | 0.5 |
Monitor patients' progress and provide ongoing observation of hearing or balance status.O*NET Task ID 18686 | 0.5 |
Measure noise levels in workplaces and conduct hearing conservation programs in industry, military, schools, and communities.O*NET Task ID 18687 | 0.5 |
Refer patients to additional medical or educational services, if needed.O*NET Task ID 18688 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (22)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Examine and clean patients' ear canals. | Core |
| Educate and supervise audiology students and health care personnel. | Core |
| Develop and supervise hearing screening programs. | Core |
| Counsel and instruct patients and their families in techniques to improve hearing and communication related to hearing loss. | Core |
| Evaluate hearing and balance disorders to determine diagnoses and courses of treatment. | Core |
| Program and monitor cochlear implants to fit the needs of patients. | Core |
| Participate in conferences or training to update or share knowledge of new hearing or balance disorder treatment methods or technologies. | Core |
| Conduct or direct research on hearing or balance topics and report findings to help in the development of procedures, technology, or treatments. | Core |
| Plan and conduct treatment programs for patients' hearing or balance problems, consulting with educators, physicians, nurses, psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and other health care personnel, as necessary. | Core |
| Administer hearing tests and examine patients to collect information on type and degree of impairment, using specialized instruments and electronic equipment. | Core |
| Engage in marketing activities, such as developing marketing plans, to promote business for private practices. | Core |
| Recommend assistive devices according to patients' needs or nature of impairments. | Core |
| Fit, dispense, and repair assistive devices, such as hearing aids. | Core |
| Advise educators or other medical staff on hearing or balance topics. | Core |
| Provide information to the public on hearing or balance topics. | Core |
| Instruct patients, parents, teachers, or employers in communication strategies to maximize effective receptive communication. | Core |
| Work with multidisciplinary teams to assess and rehabilitate recipients of implanted hearing devices through auditory training and counseling. | Core |
| Monitor patients' progress and provide ongoing observation of hearing or balance status. | Core |
| Measure noise levels in workplaces and conduct hearing conservation programs in industry, military, schools, and communities. | Core |
| Refer patients to additional medical or educational services, if needed. | Core |
| Perform administrative tasks, such as managing office functions and finances. | Core |
| Maintain patient records at all stages, including initial and subsequent evaluation and treatment activities. | Core |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Examine and clean patients' ear canals. | E0 none |
| Plan and conduct treatment programs for patients' hearing or balance problems, consulting with educators, physicians, nurses, psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and other health care personnel, as necessary. | E0 none |
| Administer hearing tests and examine patients to collect information on type and degree of impairment, using specialized instruments and electronic equipment. | E0 none |
| Fit, dispense, and repair assistive devices, such as hearing aids. | E0 none |
| Measure noise levels in workplaces and conduct hearing conservation programs in industry, military, schools, and communities. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 14K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 16K
- Change (2025–35)
- +11%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $95,780
- Typical education needed for entry
- Doctoral or professional degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24682 | 청각능력 재활사 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2266Audiologists and Speech Therapists
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Audiologists and speech therapists evaluate, manage and treat physical disorders affecting human hearing, speech, communication and swallowing. They prescribe corrective devices or rehabilitative therapies for hearing loss, speech disorders, and related sensory and neural problems and provide counselling on hearing safety and communication performance.
Tasks
- (a) evaluating hearing, speech and language performance in patients to determine the nature of hearing and communication disorders;
- (b) administering hearing or speech/language tests or other examinations using specialized diagnostic instruments and equipment, and interpreting test results alongside other medical, social and behavioural diagnostic data to determine appropriate courses of treatment;
- (c) planning, directing and participating in counselling, screening, speech rehabilitation and other programmes related to hearing and communication;
- (d) prescribing hearing aids and other assistive devices according to patients’ needs and instructing them in their use;
- (e) planning and conducting treatment programmes to manage physical disorders affecting speech and swallowing;
- (f) counselling and guiding hearing and/or language-impaired individuals, their families, teachers and employers;
- (g) referring patients and families to additional medical or educational services if needed.
Example occupations
Audiologist · Language therapist · Speech pathologist · Speech therapist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- audiologistESCO 2266.1Same scope
Audiologists assess, diagnose and treat patients ( children or adults) with audiological and vestibular disorders caused by infectious, genetic, traumatic or degenerative conditions, such as hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, imbalance, hyperacusis and auditory processing difficulties. They can prescribe a hearing aid and have a role in assessing and managing patients who may benefit from cochlear implants.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1130 | Oto-rhino-laryngologiste (ORL) | Related, not a match |
| J1401 | Audioprothésiste | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2154 | Logopedas | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 3317 | Técnicos en audioprótesis | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81222 | Medizinisch-technische Berufe in der Funktionsdiagnostik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 81444 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in den Bereichen Hautkrankheiten, Sinnes- und Geschlechtsorgane - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 82532 | Berufe in der Hörgeräteakustik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 82534 | Berufe in der Hörgeräteakustik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 145 | 視能訓練士，言語聴覚士 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources