- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-2043.00
Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or injured individuals.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.22
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
13 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (23.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Instruct emergency medical response team about emergency interventions to ensure correct application of procedures.29-2043.00 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 12 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Administer drugs, orally or by injection, or perform intravenous procedures. | —0 |
Administer first aid treatment or life support care to sick or injured persons in prehospital settings. | —0 |
Assess nature and extent of illness or injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures. | —0 |
Attend training classes to maintain certification licensure, keep abreast of new developments in the field, or maintain existing knowledge. | —0 |
Comfort and reassure patients. | —0 |
Coordinate with treatment center personnel to obtain patients' vital statistics and medical history, to determine the circumstances of the emergency, and to administer emergency treatment. | —0 |
Coordinate work with other emergency medical team members or police or fire department personnel. | —0 |
Observe, record, and report to physician the patient's condition or injury, the treatment provided, and reactions to drugs or treatment. | —0 |
Operate equipment, such as electrocardiograms (EKGs), external defibrillators, or bag valve mask resuscitators, in advanced life support environments. | —0 |
Perform emergency cardiac care, such as cardioversion and manual defibrillation. | —0 |
Perform emergency invasive intervention before delivering patient to an acute care facility. | —0 |
Perform emergency pharmacological interventions. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Attend training classes to maintain certification licensure, keep abreast of new developments in the field, or maintain existing knowledge.O*NET Task ID 22867 | 1.0 |
Assess nature and extent of illness or injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures.O*NET Task ID 22866 | 0.5 |
Observe, record, and report to physician the patient's condition or injury, the treatment provided, and reactions to drugs or treatment.O*NET Task ID 22872 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (13)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Administer drugs, orally or by injection, or perform intravenous procedures. | Core |
| Administer first aid treatment or life support care to sick or injured persons in prehospital settings. | Core |
| Assess nature and extent of illness or injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures. | Core |
| Attend training classes to maintain certification licensure, keep abreast of new developments in the field, or maintain existing knowledge. | Core |
| Comfort and reassure patients. | Core |
| Coordinate with treatment center personnel to obtain patients' vital statistics and medical history, to determine the circumstances of the emergency, and to administer emergency treatment. | Core |
| Coordinate work with other emergency medical team members or police or fire department personnel. | Core |
| Instruct emergency medical response team about emergency interventions to ensure correct application of procedures. | Core |
| Observe, record, and report to physician the patient's condition or injury, the treatment provided, and reactions to drugs or treatment. | Core |
| Operate equipment, such as electrocardiograms (EKGs), external defibrillators, or bag valve mask resuscitators, in advanced life support environments. | Core |
| Perform emergency cardiac care, such as cardioversion and manual defibrillation. | Core |
| Perform emergency invasive intervention before delivering patient to an acute care facility. | Core |
| Perform emergency pharmacological interventions. | Core |
0.07/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Administer drugs, orally or by injection, or perform intravenous procedures. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Administer first aid treatment or life support care to sick or injured persons in prehospital settings. | E0 none |
| Assess nature and extent of illness or injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures. | E0 none |
| Coordinate with treatment center personnel to obtain patients' vital statistics and medical history, to determine the circumstances of the emergency, and to administer emergency treatment. | E0 none |
| Operate equipment, such as electrocardiograms (EKGs), external defibrillators, or bag valve mask resuscitators, in advanced life support environments. | E0 none |
| Perform emergency cardiac care, such as cardioversion and manual defibrillation. | E0 none |
| Perform emergency invasive intervention before delivering patient to an acute care facility. | E0 none |
| Perform emergency pharmacological interventions. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 102K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 108K
- Change (2025–35)
- +5.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $60,600
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24912 | 구급 요원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3258Ambulance Workers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Ambulance workers provide emergency health care to patients who are injured, sick, infirm, or otherwise physically or mentally impaired prior to and during transport to medical facilities.
Tasks
- (a) assessing health status of persons involved in accidents, natural disasters and other emergency situations, and determining needs for immediate and specialized medical assistance;
- (b) performing medical procedures and administering drugs and other therapies according to protocol for emergency medical treatment, including resuscitating and defibrillating patients and operating life-support equipment;
- (c) monitoring changes in health status of patients during transport to and from medical, rehabilitation and other health care facilities;
- (d) providing information and training to community groups and essential service workers in first aid for initial care of an illness or injury;
- (e) attending and/or patrolling large-scale public gatherings and other events where health emergencies are more likely to occur;
- (f) recording information on patients' conditions and treatments provided in medical records-keeping systems.
Example occupations
Ambulance officer · Ambulance paramedic · Emergency medical technician · Emergency paramedic
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- paramedic in emergency responsesESCO 3258.2Same scope
Paramedics in emergency responses provide emergency care to sick, injured, and vulnerable persons in emergency medical situations, before and during transport to a medical facility. They implement and oversee the transfer of the patient in connection with transport. They provide assistance in acute situations, implement life-saving emergency measures, and monitor the performance of the transportation process. As allowed by national law they may also provide oxygen, certain drugs, the puncture of peripheral veins and infusion of crystalloid solutions and perform endotracheal intubation if needed for the immediate prevention of threats for the life or health of an emergency patient.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1305 | Ambulancier / Ambulancière | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1745 | Pompier / Pompière | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5622 | Técnicos de emergencias sanitarias | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81342 | Berufe im Rettungsdienst - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 81343 | Berufe im Rettungsdienst - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 452 | 消防員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources