Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-2061.00
Care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients or persons with disabilities in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.22
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 18 hidden tasks23 rated tasks · 9 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (39.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Record food and fluid intake and output.29-2061.00 | 0.011783.0 | 0.003836.2 |
Assist in delivery, care, or feeding of infants.29-2061.00 | 0.002417.0 | —0 |
Make appointments, keep records, or perform other clerical duties in doctors' offices or clinics. | —0 | 0.002624.8 |
Work as part of a healthcare team to assess patient needs, plan and modify care, and implement interventions. | —0 | 0.002422.9 |
Answer patients' calls and determine how to assist them. | —0 | 0.001716.2 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record food and fluid intake and output.O*NET Task ID 515 | 1.0 |
Make appointments, keep records, or perform other clerical duties in doctors' offices or clinics.O*NET Task ID 528 | 1.0 |
Observe patients, charting and reporting changes in patients' conditions, such as adverse reactions to medication or treatment, and taking any necessary action.O*NET Task ID 507 | 0.5 |
Answer patients' calls and determine how to assist them.O*NET Task ID 509 | 0.5 |
Measure and record patients' vital signs, such as height, weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration.O*NET Task ID 510 | 0.5 |
Evaluate nursing intervention outcomes, conferring with other healthcare team members as necessary.O*NET Task ID 516 | 0.5 |
Prepare patients for examinations, tests, or treatments and explain procedures.O*NET Task ID 519 | 0.5 |
Prepare or examine food trays for conformance to prescribed diet.O*NET Task ID 520 | 0.5 |
Inventory and requisition supplies and instruments.O*NET Task ID 523 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (22)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Observe patients, charting and reporting changes in patients' conditions, such as adverse reactions to medication or treatment, and taking any necessary action. | Core |
| Administer prescribed medications or start intravenous fluids, noting times and amounts on patients' charts. | Core |
| Answer patients' calls and determine how to assist them. | Core |
| Measure and record patients' vital signs, such as height, weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration. | Core |
| Provide basic patient care or treatments, such as taking temperatures or blood pressures, dressing wounds, treating bedsores, giving enemas or douches, rubbing with alcohol, massaging, or performing catheterizations. | Core |
| Help patients with bathing, dressing, maintaining personal hygiene, moving in bed, or standing and walking. | Core |
| Supervise nurses' aides or assistants. | Core |
| Work as part of a healthcare team to assess patient needs, plan and modify care, and implement interventions. | Core |
| Record food and fluid intake and output. | Core |
| Evaluate nursing intervention outcomes, conferring with other healthcare team members as necessary. | Core |
| Assemble and use equipment, such as catheters, tracheotomy tubes, or oxygen suppliers. | Core |
| Collect samples, such as blood, urine, or sputum from patients, and perform routine laboratory tests on samples. | Core |
| Prepare patients for examinations, tests, or treatments and explain procedures. | Core |
| Prepare or examine food trays for conformance to prescribed diet. | Core |
| Apply compresses, ice bags, or hot water bottles. | Core |
| Clean rooms and make beds. | Supplemental |
| Inventory and requisition supplies and instruments. | Supplemental |
| Provide medical treatment or personal care to patients in private home settings, such as cooking, keeping rooms orderly, seeing that patients are comfortable and in good spirits, or instructing family members in simple nursing tasks. | Supplemental |
| Sterilize equipment and supplies, using germicides, sterilizer, or autoclave. | Supplemental |
| Wash and dress bodies of deceased persons. | Supplemental |
| Make appointments, keep records, or perform other clerical duties in doctors' offices or clinics. | Supplemental |
| Set up equipment and prepare medical treatment rooms. | Supplemental |
0.16/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Observe patients, charting and reporting changes in patients' conditions, such as adverse reactions to medication or treatment, and taking any necessary action. | E0 none |
| Administer prescribed medications or start intravenous fluids, noting times and amounts on patients' charts. | E0 none |
| Answer patients' calls and determine how to assist them. | E0 none |
| Measure and record patients' vital signs, such as height, weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Provide basic patient care or treatments, such as taking temperatures or blood pressures, dressing wounds, treating bedsores, giving enemas or douches, rubbing with alcohol, massaging, or performing catheterizations. | E0 none |
| Help patients with bathing, dressing, maintaining personal hygiene, moving in bed, or standing and walking. | E0 none |
| Work as part of a healthcare team to assess patient needs, plan and modify care, and implement interventions. | E0 none |
| Assemble and use equipment, such as catheters, tracheotomy tubes, or oxygen suppliers. | E0 none |
| Collect samples, such as blood, urine, or sputum from patients, and perform routine laboratory tests on samples. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Prepare patients for examinations, tests, or treatments and explain procedures. | E0 none |
| Prepare or examine food trays for conformance to prescribed diet. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply compresses, ice bags, or hot water bottles. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean rooms and make beds. | E0 none |
| Inventory and requisition supplies and instruments. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Provide medical treatment or personal care to patients in private home settings, such as cooking, keeping rooms orderly, seeing that patients are comfortable and in good spirits, or instructing family members in simple nursing tasks. | E0 none |
| Sterilize equipment and supplies, using germicides, sterilizer, or autoclave. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Wash and dress bodies of deceased persons. | E0 none |
| Set up equipment and prepare medical treatment rooms. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 667K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 687K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $64,400
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24950 | 간호조무사 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3221Nursing Associate Professionals
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- home care aideESCO 5322.1This occupation is broader
Home care aides provide personal assistance and promote autonomy, on a daily basis to individuals who are unable to take care of themselves due to illness, ageing or disability. They assist them with personal hygiene, feeding, communication or medication according to the health care professional's instructions.
- nurse assistantESCO 5321.1.1This occupation is broader
Nurse assistants provide basic patient care under direction of nursing staff. They perform duties such as feed, bathe, dress, groom, move patients or change linens and may transfer or transport patients.
- palliative care social workerESCO 2635.3.20This occupation is broader
Palliative care social workers provide assistance and counselling to patients with a chronic or a terminal disease and their families with the practical arrangements. They arrange the required medical care for the patient and help the family to adjust to the diagnosis by providing support and attention to their emotional needs, helping them to understand their options.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1501 | Aide-soignant / Aide-soignante | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| J1506 | Infirmier / Infirmière en soins généraux (IDE) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5611 | Auxiliares de enfermería hospitalaria | Overlapping, not the same |
| 2121 | Enfermeros no especializados | Related, not a match |
| 5612 | Auxiliares de enfermería de atención primaria | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81301 | Berufe in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 81302 | Berufe in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 82102 | Berufe in der Altenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 82103 | Berufe in der Altenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 82182 | Berufe in der Altenpflege (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 82183 | Berufe in der Altenpflege (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 133 | 看護師（准看護師を含む） | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources