Athletic Trainers
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-9091.00
Evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries or illnesses. Provide preventive, therapeutic, emergency, and rehabilitative care.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.053
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.25
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only23 rated tasks · 11 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (47.8%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Develop training programs or routines designed to improve athletic performance.29-9091.00 | 0.050062.5 | 0.0100100.0 |
Recommend special diets to improve athletes' health, increase their stamina, or alter their weight.29-9091.00 | 0.020025.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Advise athletes on the proper use of equipment.29-9091.00 | 0.010012.5 | —0 |
Evaluate athletes' readiness to play and provide participation clearances when necessary and warranted.29-9091.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Perform general administrative tasks, such as keeping records or writing reports.29-9091.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Instruct coaches, athletes, parents, medical personnel, or community members in the care and prevention of athletic injuries.29-9091.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 17 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Conduct an initial assessment of an athlete's injury or illness to provide emergency or continued care and to determine whether they should be referred to physicians for definitive diagnosis and treatment. | —0 | —0 |
Care for athletic injuries, using physical therapy equipment, techniques, or medication. | —0 | —0 |
Apply protective or injury preventive devices, such as tape, bandages, or braces, to body parts, such as ankles, fingers, or wrists. | —0 | —0 |
Assess and report the progress of recovering athletes to coaches or physicians. | —0 | —0 |
Collaborate with physicians to develop and implement comprehensive rehabilitation programs for athletic injuries. | —0 | —0 |
Plan or implement comprehensive athletic injury or illness prevention programs. | —0 | —0 |
Travel with athletic teams to be available at sporting events. | —0 | —0 |
Inspect playing fields to locate any items that could injure players. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct research or provide instruction on subject matter related to athletic training or sports medicine. | —0 | —0 |
Massage body parts to relieve soreness, strains, or bruises. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with coaches to select protective equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Accompany injured athletes to hospitals. | —0 | —0 |
Lead stretching exercises for team members prior to games or practices. | —0 | —0 |
Clean and sanitize athletic training rooms. | —0 | —0 |
Perform team support duties, such as running errands, maintaining equipment, or stocking supplies. | —0 | —0 |
File athlete insurance claims and communicate with insurance providers. | —0 | —0 |
Teach sports medicine courses to athletic training students. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Perform general administrative tasks, such as keeping records or writing reports.O*NET Task ID 18691 | 1.0 |
File athlete insurance claims and communicate with insurance providers.O*NET Task ID 18692 | 1.0 |
Teach sports medicine courses to athletic training students.O*NET Task ID 18693 | 1.0 |
Conduct an initial assessment of an athlete's injury or illness to provide emergency or continued care and to determine whether they should be referred to physicians for definitive diagnosis and treatment.O*NET Task ID 4221 | 0.5 |
Assess and report the progress of recovering athletes to coaches or physicians.O*NET Task ID 4225 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with physicians to develop and implement comprehensive rehabilitation programs for athletic injuries.O*NET Task ID 4226 | 0.5 |
Plan or implement comprehensive athletic injury or illness prevention programs.O*NET Task ID 4228 | 0.5 |
Develop training programs or routines designed to improve athletic performance.O*NET Task ID 4229 | 0.5 |
Inspect playing fields to locate any items that could injure players.O*NET Task ID 4232 | 0.5 |
Conduct research or provide instruction on subject matter related to athletic training or sports medicine.O*NET Task ID 4233 | 0.5 |
Recommend special diets to improve athletes' health, increase their stamina, or alter their weight.O*NET Task ID 4234 | 0.5 |
Care for athletic injuries, using physical therapy equipment, techniques, or medication.O*NET Task ID 4222 | 0.0 |
Evaluate athletes' readiness to play and provide participation clearances when necessary and warranted.O*NET Task ID 4223 | 0.0 |
Apply protective or injury preventive devices, such as tape, bandages, or braces, to body parts, such as ankles, fingers, or wrists.O*NET Task ID 4224 | 0.0 |
Advise athletes on the proper use of equipment.O*NET Task ID 4227 | 0.0 |
Travel with athletic teams to be available at sporting events.O*NET Task ID 4230 | 0.0 |
Instruct coaches, athletes, parents, medical personnel, or community members in the care and prevention of athletic injuries.O*NET Task ID 4231 | 0.0 |
Massage body parts to relieve soreness, strains, or bruises.O*NET Task ID 4235 | 0.0 |
Confer with coaches to select protective equipment.O*NET Task ID 4236 | 0.0 |
Accompany injured athletes to hospitals.O*NET Task ID 4237 | 0.0 |
Perform team support duties, such as running errands, maintaining equipment, or stocking supplies.O*NET Task ID 4238 | 0.0 |
Lead stretching exercises for team members prior to games or practices.O*NET Task ID 4239 | 0.0 |
Clean and sanitize athletic training rooms.O*NET Task ID 23925 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (23)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Conduct an initial assessment of an athlete's injury or illness to provide emergency or continued care and to determine whether they should be referred to physicians for definitive diagnosis and treatment. | Core |
| Care for athletic injuries, using physical therapy equipment, techniques, or medication. | Core |
| Evaluate athletes' readiness to play and provide participation clearances when necessary and warranted. | Core |
| Apply protective or injury preventive devices, such as tape, bandages, or braces, to body parts, such as ankles, fingers, or wrists. | Core |
| Assess and report the progress of recovering athletes to coaches or physicians. | Core |
| Collaborate with physicians to develop and implement comprehensive rehabilitation programs for athletic injuries. | Core |
| Advise athletes on the proper use of equipment. | Core |
| Plan or implement comprehensive athletic injury or illness prevention programs. | Core |
| Develop training programs or routines designed to improve athletic performance. | Core |
| Travel with athletic teams to be available at sporting events. | Core |
| Instruct coaches, athletes, parents, medical personnel, or community members in the care and prevention of athletic injuries. | Core |
| Inspect playing fields to locate any items that could injure players. | Core |
| Conduct research or provide instruction on subject matter related to athletic training or sports medicine. | Core |
| Recommend special diets to improve athletes' health, increase their stamina, or alter their weight. | Core |
| Massage body parts to relieve soreness, strains, or bruises. | Core |
| Confer with coaches to select protective equipment. | Core |
| Accompany injured athletes to hospitals. | Core |
| Lead stretching exercises for team members prior to games or practices. | Core |
| Perform general administrative tasks, such as keeping records or writing reports. | Core |
| Clean and sanitize athletic training rooms. | Core |
| Perform team support duties, such as running errands, maintaining equipment, or stocking supplies. | Supplemental |
| File athlete insurance claims and communicate with insurance providers. | Supplemental |
| Teach sports medicine courses to athletic training students. | Supplemental |
0.16/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Conduct an initial assessment of an athlete's injury or illness to provide emergency or continued care and to determine whether they should be referred to physicians for definitive diagnosis and treatment. | E0 none |
| Care for athletic injuries, using physical therapy equipment, techniques, or medication. | E0 none |
| Evaluate athletes' readiness to play and provide participation clearances when necessary and warranted. | E0 none |
| Apply protective or injury preventive devices, such as tape, bandages, or braces, to body parts, such as ankles, fingers, or wrists. | E0 none |
| Assess and report the progress of recovering athletes to coaches or physicians. | E0 none |
| Collaborate with physicians to develop and implement comprehensive rehabilitation programs for athletic injuries. | E0 none |
| Travel with athletic teams to be available at sporting events. | E0 none |
| Inspect playing fields to locate any items that could injure players. | E2 structured facilities |
| Massage body parts to relieve soreness, strains, or bruises. | E2 structured facilities |
| Accompany injured athletes to hospitals. | E0 none |
| Lead stretching exercises for team members prior to games or practices. | E0 none |
| Clean and sanitize athletic training rooms. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform team support duties, such as running errands, maintaining equipment, or stocking supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 35K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 40K
- Change (2025–35)
- +12.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $62,520
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29640 | 스포츠 강사 및 트레이너 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3423Fitness and Recreation Instructors and Programme Leaders
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Fitness and recreation instructors and programme leaders lead, guide and instruct groups and individuals in recreational, fitness or outdoor adventure activities.
Tasks
- (a) planning and carrying out recreational and fitness activities;
- (b) monitoring recreational, sports or fitness activities to ensure safety and provide emergency or first aid assistance when required;
- (c) evaluating and monitoring clients’ abilities and fitness and recommending activities;
- (d) demonstrating and teaching body movements, concepts and skills used in fitness routines and recreational activities;
- (e) instructing in the use of equipment;
- (f) explaining and enforcing safety procedures, rules and regulations.
Example occupations
Aerobics instructor · Fitness instructor · Horse riding instructor · Outdoor adventure guide · Personal trainer · Sailing instructor · Underwater diving instructor
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- chiropractorESCO 2269.2Overlapping, not the same
Chiropractors are responsible for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders related to the neuromusculoskeletal system and the effects of these disorders on general health. They are independent primary health care professionals.
- physiotherapistESCO 2264.3Overlapping, not the same
Physiotherapists are autonomous health professionals who are responsible for developing, maintaining or restoring motor function and movement throughout the lifespan using evidence-based practice. They relieve pain and treat or prevent physical conditions associated with injury, disease or other impairments. Physiotherapists empower patients and their carers to manage the condition outside clinical settings. They work within their scope of practice and their professional Code of Conduct.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| G1218 | Préparateur / Préparatrice physique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| J1404 | Kinésithérapeute | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| J1413 | Physiothérapeute | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2152 | Fisioterapeutas | This occupation is narrower |
| 3723 | Instructores de actividades deportivas | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81713 | Berufe in der Physiotherapie - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 81783 | Berufe in der nicht ärztlichen Therapie und Heilkunde (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 144 | 理学療法士，作業療法士 | Related, not a match |
| 152 | あん摩マッサージ指圧師，はり師，きゅう師，柔道整復師 | Related, not a match |
| 245 | 職業スポーツ従事者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources