Personal Care Aides
Healthcare Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 31-1122.00
Provide personalized assistance to individuals with disabilities or illness who require help with personal care and activities of daily living support (e.g., feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and ambulation). May also provide help with tasks such as preparing meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry. Work is performed in various settings depending on the needs of the care recipient and may include locations such as their home, place of work, out in the community, or at a daytime nonresidential facility.
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.22–0.58· 3 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
- Data source: OpenAIPublished: 2023
0.333
0.000Range of values carried here0.844Scale, basis and source
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 4414Scribes and Related Workers0.58
- ISCO-08 5162Companions and Valets0.22
- ISCO-08 5322Home-based Personal Care Workers0.25
Task-level exposure
Show 10 hidden tasks11 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (27.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 39-9021.00 Personal Care Aides, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Provide clients with communication assistance, typing their correspondence or obtaining information for them.39-9021.00 | 0.0287100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare and maintain records of client progress and services performed, reporting changes in client condition to manager or supervisor.O*NET Task ID 2371 | 1.0 |
Provide clients with communication assistance, typing their correspondence or obtaining information for them.O*NET Task ID 2379 | 1.0 |
Participate in case reviews, consulting with the team caring for the client, to evaluate the client's needs and plan for continuing services.O*NET Task ID 2376 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (11)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Perform healthcare-related tasks, such as monitoring vital signs and medication, under the direction of registered nurses or physiotherapists. | Core |
| Administer bedside or personal care, such as ambulation or personal hygiene assistance. | Core |
| Prepare and maintain records of client progress and services performed, reporting changes in client condition to manager or supervisor. | Core |
| Perform housekeeping duties, such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes or dishes, or running errands. | Core |
| Care for individuals or families during periods of incapacitation, family disruption, or convalescence, providing companionship, personal care, or help in adjusting to new lifestyles. | Core |
| Instruct or advise clients on issues, such as household cleanliness, utilities, hygiene, nutrition, or infant care. | Core |
| Participate in case reviews, consulting with the team caring for the client, to evaluate the client's needs and plan for continuing services. | Core |
| Provide clients with communication assistance, typing their correspondence or obtaining information for them. | Core |
| Plan, shop for, or prepare nutritious meals or assist families in planning, shopping for, or preparing nutritious meals. | Supplemental |
| Transport clients to locations outside the home, such as to physicians' offices or on outings, using a motor vehicle. | Supplemental |
| Train family members to provide bedside care. | Supplemental |
0.38/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Perform healthcare-related tasks, such as monitoring vital signs and medication, under the direction of registered nurses or physiotherapists. | E2 structured facilities |
| Administer bedside or personal care, such as ambulation or personal hygiene assistance. | E0 none |
| Perform housekeeping duties, such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes or dishes, or running errands. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Care for individuals or families during periods of incapacitation, family disruption, or convalescence, providing companionship, personal care, or help in adjusting to new lifestyles. | E0 none |
| Plan, shop for, or prepare nutritious meals or assist families in planning, shopping for, or preparing nutritious meals. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Transport clients to locations outside the home, such as to physicians' offices or on outings, using a motor vehicle. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
The BLS Employment Projections table has no row for SOC 31-1122.
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42210 | 요양보호사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 42310 | 노인 돌봄 종사원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 42320 | 장애인 돌봄 종사원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4414Scribes and Related Workers
- ISCO-08 5162Companions and Valets
- ISCO-08 5322Home-based Personal Care Workers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- care at home workerESCO 3412.4.2This occupation is broader
Care at home workers provide domiciliary services to vulnerable adults including frail elderly or disabled people who are living with physical impairment or convalescing. They aim to improve their lives in the community and assure patients can live safely and independently in their own home.
- companionESCO 5162.1This occupation is broader
Companions perform housekeeping duties and meal preparation for the people they assist on their own premises such as elderly people or people with special needs or who suffer from an illness. They also provide entertainment activities such as playing cards or reading stories. They may do shopping activities as well as punctual transportation to doctor's appointments, etc.
- disability support workerESCO 3412.4.4This occupation is broader
Disability support workers provide personal assistance and support to individuals of all ages with disability conditions, either intellectual or physical disabilities. They work with other health professionals to maximise individuals physical and mental well being. Their duties include bathing, lifting, moving, dressing or feeding people with disability.
- home care aideESCO 5322.1This occupation is broader
Home care aides provide personal assistance and promote autonomy, on a daily basis to individuals who are unable to take care of themselves due to illness, ageing or disability. They assist them with personal hygiene, feeding, communication or medication according to the health care professional's instructions.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1312 | Accueillant familial / Accueillante familiale thérapeutique auprès d'adultes | This occupation is broader |
| K1302 | Assistant / Assistante de vie dépendance | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1311 | Assistant / Assistante de vie aux familles | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1306 | Accompagnant Educatif et Social (AES) / Accompagnante Educative et Sociale (AES) | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| K1314 | Auxiliaire de vie sociale auprès d'enfants | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5710 | Trabajadores de los cuidados personales a domicilio | Same scope |
| 5891 | Asistentes personales o personas de compañía | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 83141 | Berufe in der Haus- und Familienpflege - Helfer- und Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 82101 | Berufe in der Altenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 83131 | Berufe in Heilerziehungspflege und Sonderpädagogik - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 83143 | Berufe in der Haus- und Familienpflege - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 362 | 訪問介護従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 361 | 介護職員（医療・福祉施設等） | Overlapping, not the same |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources