Orderlies
Healthcare Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 31-1132.00
Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.15
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only24 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 2 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Carry messages or documents between departments.31-1132.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.0100100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 21 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Change soiled linens, such as bed linens, drapes, or cubicle curtains. | —0 | —0 |
Clean equipment, such as wheelchairs, hospital beds, or portable medical equipment, documenting needed repairs or maintenance. | —0 | —0 |
Disinfect or sterilize equipment or supplies, using germicides or sterilizing equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. | —0 | —0 |
Respond to emergency situations, such as emergency medical calls, security calls, or fire alarms. | —0 | —0 |
Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. | —0 | —0 |
Transport portable medical equipment or medical supplies between rooms or departments. | —0 | —0 |
Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs. | —0 | —0 |
Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas. | —0 | —0 |
Collect and transport infectious or hazardous waste in closed containers for sterilization or disposal, in accordance with applicable law, standards, or policies. | —0 | —0 |
Collect soiled linen or trash. | —0 | —0 |
Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation. | —0 | —0 |
Restrain patients to prevent violence or injury or to assist physicians or nurses to administer treatments. | —0 | —0 |
Serve or collect food trays. | —0 | —0 |
Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays. | —0 | —0 |
Stock utility rooms, nonmedical storage rooms, or cleaning carts with supplies. | —0 | —0 |
Transport bodies to the morgue. | —0 | —0 |
Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel. | —0 | —0 |
Turn or reposition bedridden patients, alone or with assistance, to prevent bedsores. | —0 | —0 |
Provide physical support to patients to assist them to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising. | —0 | —0 |
Separate collected materials for disposal, recycling, or reuse, in accordance with environmental policies. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs.O*NET Task ID 19349 | 0.0 |
Carry messages or documents between departments.O*NET Task ID 19350 | 0.0 |
Change soiled linens, such as bed linens, drapes, or cubicle curtains.O*NET Task ID 19351 | 0.0 |
Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas.O*NET Task ID 19352 | 0.0 |
Clean equipment, such as wheelchairs, hospital beds, or portable medical equipment, documenting needed repairs or maintenance.O*NET Task ID 19353 | 0.0 |
Collect and transport infectious or hazardous waste in closed containers for sterilization or disposal, in accordance with applicable law, standards, or policies.O*NET Task ID 19354 | 0.0 |
Collect soiled linen or trash.O*NET Task ID 19355 | 0.0 |
Disinfect or sterilize equipment or supplies, using germicides or sterilizing equipment.O*NET Task ID 19356 | 0.0 |
Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers.O*NET Task ID 19357 | 0.0 |
Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation.O*NET Task ID 19358 | 0.0 |
Respond to emergency situations, such as emergency medical calls, security calls, or fire alarms.O*NET Task ID 19359 | 0.0 |
Restrain patients to prevent violence or injury or to assist physicians or nurses to administer treatments.O*NET Task ID 19360 | 0.0 |
Serve or collect food trays.O*NET Task ID 19361 | 0.0 |
Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays.O*NET Task ID 19362 | 0.0 |
Stock utility rooms, nonmedical storage rooms, or cleaning carts with supplies.O*NET Task ID 19363 | 0.0 |
Supply, collect, or empty bedpans.O*NET Task ID 19364 | 0.0 |
Transport bodies to the morgue.O*NET Task ID 19365 | 0.0 |
Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds.O*NET Task ID 19366 | 0.0 |
Transport portable medical equipment or medical supplies between rooms or departments.O*NET Task ID 19367 | 0.0 |
Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel.O*NET Task ID 19368 | 0.0 |
Turn or reposition bedridden patients, alone or with assistance, to prevent bedsores.O*NET Task ID 19369 | 0.0 |
Provide physical support to patients to assist them to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising.O*NET Task ID 19370 | 0.0 |
Separate collected materials for disposal, recycling, or reuse, in accordance with environmental policies.O*NET Task ID 19371 | 0.0 |
Take and record vital signs, such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, or respiration rate, as directed by medical or nursing staff.O*NET Task ID 19372 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (22)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Carry messages or documents between departments. | Core |
| Change soiled linens, such as bed linens, drapes, or cubicle curtains. | Core |
| Clean equipment, such as wheelchairs, hospital beds, or portable medical equipment, documenting needed repairs or maintenance. | Core |
| Disinfect or sterilize equipment or supplies, using germicides or sterilizing equipment. | Core |
| Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. | Core |
| Respond to emergency situations, such as emergency medical calls, security calls, or fire alarms. | Core |
| Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. | Core |
| Transport portable medical equipment or medical supplies between rooms or departments. | Core |
| Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs. | Supplemental |
| Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas. | Supplemental |
| Collect and transport infectious or hazardous waste in closed containers for sterilization or disposal, in accordance with applicable law, standards, or policies. | Supplemental |
| Collect soiled linen or trash. | Supplemental |
| Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation. | Supplemental |
| Restrain patients to prevent violence or injury or to assist physicians or nurses to administer treatments. | Supplemental |
| Serve or collect food trays. | Supplemental |
| Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays. | Supplemental |
| Stock utility rooms, nonmedical storage rooms, or cleaning carts with supplies. | Supplemental |
| Transport bodies to the morgue. | Supplemental |
| Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel. | Supplemental |
| Turn or reposition bedridden patients, alone or with assistance, to prevent bedsores. | Supplemental |
| Provide physical support to patients to assist them to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising. | Supplemental |
| Separate collected materials for disposal, recycling, or reuse, in accordance with environmental policies. | Supplemental |
0.92/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Carry messages or documents between departments. | E2 structured facilities |
| Change soiled linens, such as bed linens, drapes, or cubicle curtains. | E0 none |
| Clean equipment, such as wheelchairs, hospital beds, or portable medical equipment, documenting needed repairs or maintenance. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Disinfect or sterilize equipment or supplies, using germicides or sterilizing equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Respond to emergency situations, such as emergency medical calls, security calls, or fire alarms. | E0 none |
| Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Transport portable medical equipment or medical supplies between rooms or departments. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean and sanitize patient rooms, bathrooms, examination rooms, or other patient areas. | E0 none |
| Collect and transport infectious or hazardous waste in closed containers for sterilization or disposal, in accordance with applicable law, standards, or policies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Collect soiled linen or trash. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Position or hold patients in position for surgical preparation. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Restrain patients to prevent violence or injury or to assist physicians or nurses to administer treatments. | E0 none |
| Serve or collect food trays. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Stock or issue medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Stock utility rooms, nonmedical storage rooms, or cleaning carts with supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Transport bodies to the morgue. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Transport specimens, laboratory items, or pharmacy items, ensuring proper documentation and delivery to authorized personnel. | E2 structured facilities |
| Turn or reposition bedridden patients, alone or with assistance, to prevent bedsores. | E2 structured facilities |
| Provide physical support to patients to assist them to perform daily living activities, such as getting out of bed, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, standing, walking, or exercising. | E0 none |
| Separate collected materials for disposal, recycling, or reuse, in accordance with environmental policies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 53K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 55K
- Change (2025–35)
- +4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $38,290
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42220 | 간병인 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5329Personal Care Workers in Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
This unit group covers providers of routine health and personal care support services not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 532: Personal Care Workers in Health Services. For instance, the group includes occupations such as dental aide, sterilization aide, hospital orderly, medical imaging assistant and pharmacy aide.
Tasks
- In such cases tasks would include -
- (a) cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and pharmaceutical instruments, bottles, beakers and other equipment;
- (b) labelling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and replenishing stock on shelves;
- (c) lifting, turning and moving patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on moveable beds;
- (d) preparing patients for examination or treatment;
- (e) setting up instrument trays, preparing materials, and assisting dentists or radiographers during procedures;
- (f) exposing diagnostic X-rays.
Example occupations
Dental aide · First-aid attendant · Hospital orderly · Medical imaging assistant · Pharmacy aide · Phlebotomist · Sterilization aide
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- hospital porterESCO 5329.1Same scope
Hospital porters are professional healthcare assistants who transport people on stretchers around the hospital site, as well as and items.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1308 | Brancardier / Brancardière | Same scope |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5629 | Trabajadores de los cuidados a las personas en servicios de salud no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81301 | Berufe in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 81341 | Berufe im Rettungsdienst - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 371 | 看護助手 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources