Psychiatric Aides
Healthcare Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 31-1133.00
Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.14
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 15 hidden tasks17 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (17.6%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 31-1013.00 Psychiatric Aides, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Listen and provide emotional support and encouragement to psychiatric patients.31-1013.00 | 0.002154.1 |
Complete administrative tasks, such as entering orders into computer, answering telephone calls, or maintaining medical or facility information.31-1013.00 | 0.001745.9 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Interview patients upon admission and record information.O*NET Task ID 2002 | 1.0 |
Record and maintain patient information, such as vital signs, eating habits, behavior, progress notes, treatments, or discharge plans.O*NET Task ID 18697 | 1.0 |
Complete administrative tasks, such as entering orders into computer, answering telephone calls, or maintaining medical or facility information.O*NET Task ID 18698 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (17)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Provide patients with cognitive, intellectual, or developmental disabilities with routine physical, emotional, psychological, or rehabilitation care under the direction of nursing or medical staff. | Core |
| Work as part of a team that may include psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, or social workers. | Core |
| Aid patients in becoming accustomed to hospital routines. | Core |
| Organize, supervise, or encourage patient participation in social, educational, or recreational activities. | Core |
| Serve meals or feed patients needing assistance or persuasion. | Core |
| Restrain or aid patients as necessary to prevent injury. | Core |
| Provide patients with assistance in bathing, dressing, or grooming, demonstrating these skills as necessary. | Core |
| Participate in recreational activities with patients, including card games, sports, or television viewing. | Core |
| Maintain patients' restrictions to assigned areas. | Core |
| Accompany patients to and from wards for medical or dental treatments, shopping trips, or religious or recreational events. | Core |
| Clean and disinfect rooms and furnishings to maintain a safe and orderly environment. | Core |
| Complete physical checks and monitor patients to detect unusual or harmful behavior and report observations to professional staff. | Core |
| Record and maintain patient information, such as vital signs, eating habits, behavior, progress notes, treatments, or discharge plans. | Core |
| Complete administrative tasks, such as entering orders into computer, answering telephone calls, or maintaining medical or facility information. | Core |
| Listen and provide emotional support and encouragement to psychiatric patients. | Core |
| Perform nursing duties, such as administering medications, measuring vital signs, collecting specimens, or drawing blood samples. | Supplemental |
| Interview patients upon admission and record information. | Supplemental |
0.09/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Provide patients with cognitive, intellectual, or developmental disabilities with routine physical, emotional, psychological, or rehabilitation care under the direction of nursing or medical staff. | E0 none |
| Serve meals or feed patients needing assistance or persuasion. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Restrain or aid patients as necessary to prevent injury. | E0 none |
| Provide patients with assistance in bathing, dressing, or grooming, demonstrating these skills as necessary. | E0 none |
| Participate in recreational activities with patients, including card games, sports, or television viewing. | E0 none |
| Maintain patients' restrictions to assigned areas. | E0 none |
| Accompany patients to and from wards for medical or dental treatments, shopping trips, or religious or recreational events. | E0 none |
| Clean and disinfect rooms and furnishings to maintain a safe and orderly environment. | E0 none |
| Complete physical checks and monitor patients to detect unusual or harmful behavior and report observations to professional staff. | E0 none |
| Perform nursing duties, such as administering medications, measuring vital signs, collecting specimens, or drawing blood samples. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 37K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 38K
- Change (2025–35)
- +1.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $44,910
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42220 | 간병인 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5321Health Care Assistants
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Health care assistants provide direct personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to patients and residents in a variety of health care settings such as hospitals, clinics and residential nursing care facilities. They generally work in implementation of established care plans and practices, and under the direct supervision of medical, nursing or other health professionals or associate professionals.
Tasks
- (a) providing care, support and treatment to patients and residents of medical, rehabilitative and residential care facilities according to treatment plans established by medical, nursing and other health professionals;
- (b) assisting patients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings;
- (c) positioning, lifting and turning patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on movable beds;
- (d) maintaining patients' environmental hygiene standards, such as cleaning patient rooms and changing bed linen;
- (e) providing massage and other non-pharmacological pain relief measures, such as during pregnancy and labour;
- (f) observing patients’ condition, responses and behaviour and reporting changes to a health professional.
Example occupations
Birth assistant (clinic or hospital) · Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) · Patient care assistant · Psychiatric aide
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- nurse assistantESCO 5321.1.1This occupation is narrower
Nurse assistants provide basic patient care under direction of nursing staff. They perform duties such as feed, bathe, dress, groom, move patients or change linens and may transfer or transport patients.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1501 | Aide-soignant / Aide-soignante | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1306 | Accompagnant Educatif et Social (AES) / Accompagnante Educative et Sociale (AES) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5611 | Auxiliares de enfermería hospitalaria | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81301 | Berufe in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 83131 | Berufe in Heilerziehungspflege und Sonderpädagogik - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 371 | 看護助手 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 361 | 介護職員（医療・福祉施設等） | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources