Fire Inspectors and Investigators
Protective Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 33-2021.00
Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine cause of fires and explosions.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.26–0.28· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 3112Civil Engineering Technicians0.28
- ISCO-08 3119Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified0.26
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only30 rated tasks · 13 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (43.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare and maintain reports of investigation results, and records of convicted arsonists and arson suspects.O*NET Task ID 22991 | 1.0 |
Write detailed reports of fire inspections performed, fire code violations observed, and corrective recommendations offered.O*NET Task ID 23002 | 1.0 |
Attend training classes to maintain current knowledge of fire prevention, safety, and firefighting procedures.O*NET Task ID 23007 | 1.0 |
Issue permits for public assemblies.O*NET Task ID 23018 | 1.0 |
Analyze evidence and other information to determine probable cause of fire or explosion.O*NET Task ID 22995 | 0.5 |
Photograph damage and evidence related to causes of fires or explosions to document investigation findings.O*NET Task ID 22996 | 0.5 |
Examine fire sites and collect evidence such as glass, metal fragments, charred wood, and accelerant residue for use in determining the cause of a fire.O*NET Task ID 22997 | 0.5 |
Identify corrective actions necessary to bring properties into compliance with applicable fire codes, laws, regulations, and standards, and explain these measures to property owners or their representatives.O*NET Task ID 23003 | 0.5 |
Develop or review fire exit plans.O*NET Task ID 23004 | 0.5 |
Review blueprints and plans for new or remodeled buildings to ensure the structures meet fire safety codes.O*NET Task ID 23008 | 0.5 |
Recommend changes to fire prevention, inspection, and fire code endorsement procedures.O*NET Task ID 23012 | 0.5 |
Conduct internal investigation to determine negligence and violation of laws and regulations by fire department employees.O*NET Task ID 23014 | 0.5 |
Develop and coordinate fire prevention programs, such as false alarm billing, fire inspection reporting, and hazardous materials management.O*NET Task ID 23020 | 0.5 |
Testify in court cases involving fires, suspected arson, and false alarms.O*NET Task ID 22992 | 0.0 |
Package collected pieces of evidence in securely closed containers, such as bags, crates, or boxes, to protect them.O*NET Task ID 22993 | 0.0 |
Conduct inspections and acceptance testing of newly installed fire protection systems.O*NET Task ID 22994 | 0.0 |
Inspect buildings to locate hazardous conditions and fire code violations, such as accumulations of combustible material, electrical wiring problems, and inadequate or non-functional fire exits.O*NET Task ID 22998 | 0.0 |
Instruct children about the dangers of fire.O*NET Task ID 22999 | 0.0 |
Conduct fire code compliance follow-ups to ensure that corrective actions have been taken in cases where violations were found.O*NET Task ID 23000 | 0.0 |
Inspect properties that store, handle, and use hazardous materials to ensure compliance with laws, codes, and regulations, and issue hazardous materials permits to facilities found in compliance.O*NET Task ID 23001 | 0.0 |
Inspect and test fire protection or fire detection systems to verify that such systems are installed in accordance with appropriate laws, codes, ordinances, regulations, and standards.O*NET Task ID 23005 | 0.0 |
Coordinate efforts with other organizations, such as law enforcement agencies.O*NET Task ID 23006 | 0.0 |
Teach fire investigation techniques to other firefighter personnel.O*NET Task ID 23009 | 0.0 |
Conduct fire exit drills to monitor and evaluate evacuation procedures.O*NET Task ID 23010 | 0.0 |
Teach public education programs on fire safety and prevention.O*NET Task ID 23011 | 0.0 |
Subpoena and interview witnesses, property owners, and building occupants to obtain information and sworn testimony.O*NET Task ID 23013 | 0.0 |
Test sites and materials to establish facts, such as burn patterns and flash points of materials, using test equipment.O*NET Task ID 23015 | 0.0 |
Dust evidence or portions of fire scenes for latent fingerprints.O*NET Task ID 23016 | 0.0 |
Arrange for the replacement of defective fire fighting equipment and for repair of fire alarm and sprinkler systems, making minor repairs such as servicing fire extinguishers when feasible.O*NET Task ID 23017 | 0.0 |
Supervise staff, training them, planning their work, and evaluating their performance.O*NET Task ID 23019 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Prepare and maintain reports of investigation results, and records of convicted arsonists and arson suspects. | Core |
| Testify in court cases involving fires, suspected arson, and false alarms. | Core |
| Package collected pieces of evidence in securely closed containers, such as bags, crates, or boxes, to protect them. | Core |
| Conduct inspections and acceptance testing of newly installed fire protection systems. | Core |
| Analyze evidence and other information to determine probable cause of fire or explosion. | Core |
| Photograph damage and evidence related to causes of fires or explosions to document investigation findings. | Core |
| Examine fire sites and collect evidence such as glass, metal fragments, charred wood, and accelerant residue for use in determining the cause of a fire. | Core |
| Inspect buildings to locate hazardous conditions and fire code violations, such as accumulations of combustible material, electrical wiring problems, and inadequate or non-functional fire exits. | Core |
| Instruct children about the dangers of fire. | Core |
| Conduct fire code compliance follow-ups to ensure that corrective actions have been taken in cases where violations were found. | Core |
| Inspect properties that store, handle, and use hazardous materials to ensure compliance with laws, codes, and regulations, and issue hazardous materials permits to facilities found in compliance. | Core |
| Write detailed reports of fire inspections performed, fire code violations observed, and corrective recommendations offered. | Core |
| Identify corrective actions necessary to bring properties into compliance with applicable fire codes, laws, regulations, and standards, and explain these measures to property owners or their representatives. | Core |
| Develop or review fire exit plans. | Core |
| Inspect and test fire protection or fire detection systems to verify that such systems are installed in accordance with appropriate laws, codes, ordinances, regulations, and standards. | Core |
| Coordinate efforts with other organizations, such as law enforcement agencies. | Core |
| Attend training classes to maintain current knowledge of fire prevention, safety, and firefighting procedures. | Core |
| Review blueprints and plans for new or remodeled buildings to ensure the structures meet fire safety codes. | Core |
| Teach fire investigation techniques to other firefighter personnel. | Core |
| Conduct fire exit drills to monitor and evaluate evacuation procedures. | Core |
| Teach public education programs on fire safety and prevention. | Core |
| Recommend changes to fire prevention, inspection, and fire code endorsement procedures. | Core |
| Subpoena and interview witnesses, property owners, and building occupants to obtain information and sworn testimony. | Supplemental |
| Conduct internal investigation to determine negligence and violation of laws and regulations by fire department employees. | Supplemental |
| Test sites and materials to establish facts, such as burn patterns and flash points of materials, using test equipment. | Supplemental |
| Dust evidence or portions of fire scenes for latent fingerprints. | Supplemental |
| Arrange for the replacement of defective fire fighting equipment and for repair of fire alarm and sprinkler systems, making minor repairs such as servicing fire extinguishers when feasible. | Supplemental |
| Issue permits for public assemblies. | Supplemental |
| Supervise staff, training them, planning their work, and evaluating their performance. | Supplemental |
| Develop and coordinate fire prevention programs, such as false alarm billing, fire inspection reporting, and hazardous materials management. | Supplemental |
0.01/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Package collected pieces of evidence in securely closed containers, such as bags, crates, or boxes, to protect them. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Conduct inspections and acceptance testing of newly installed fire protection systems. | E0 none |
| Photograph damage and evidence related to causes of fires or explosions to document investigation findings. | E0 none |
| Examine fire sites and collect evidence such as glass, metal fragments, charred wood, and accelerant residue for use in determining the cause of a fire. | E0 none |
| Inspect buildings to locate hazardous conditions and fire code violations, such as accumulations of combustible material, electrical wiring problems, and inadequate or non-functional fire exits. | E0 none |
| Conduct fire code compliance follow-ups to ensure that corrective actions have been taken in cases where violations were found. | E0 none |
| Inspect properties that store, handle, and use hazardous materials to ensure compliance with laws, codes, and regulations, and issue hazardous materials permits to facilities found in compliance. | E0 none |
| Inspect and test fire protection or fire detection systems to verify that such systems are installed in accordance with appropriate laws, codes, ordinances, regulations, and standards. | E0 none |
| Test sites and materials to establish facts, such as burn patterns and flash points of materials, using test equipment. | E0 none |
| Dust evidence or portions of fire scenes for latent fingerprints. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 15K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 15K
- Change (2025–35)
- +4.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $75,920
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41120 | 소방관 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
| 23629 | 그 외 소방공학 기술자 및 연구원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 23651 | 소방공학 시험원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 23623 | 소방 공사 감리 기술자 및 연구원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3112Civil Engineering Technicians
- ISCO-08 3119Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- fire inspectorESCO 3112.1.6Same scope
Fire inspectors conduct inspections of buildings and properties to ensure they are compliant with fire prevention and safety regulations, and enforce the regulations in facilities which are not compliant. They also perform educational activities, educating the public on fire safety and prevention methods, policies, and disaster response.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H1301 | Inspecteur / Inspectrice de conformité | Related, not a match |
| H1313 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure sécurité incendie | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3122 | Técnicos en construcción | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 3129 | Otros técnicos de las ciencias físicas, químicas, medioambientales y de las ingenierías | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 53133 | Berufe im Brandschutz - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 42293 | Aufsichtskräfte - Umweltschutztechnik | Related, not a match |
| 53122 | Berufe in Arbeitssicherheit und Sicherheitstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 42212 | Schornsteinfeger/innen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 53223 | Berufe im Kriminaldienst - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 452 | 消防員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources