Bailiffs
Protective Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 33-3011.00
Maintain order in courts of law.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.39
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only15 rated tasks · 1 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (6.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Screen persons entering courthouse using magnetometers, x-ray machines, and other devices to collect and retain unauthorized firearms and other contraband.33-3011.00 | 0.0024100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 12 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact. | —0 |
Enforce courtroom rules of behavior and warn persons not to smoke or disturb court procedure. | —0 |
Report need for police or medical assistance to sheriff's office. | —0 |
Announce entrance of judge. | —0 |
Stop people from entering courtroom while judge charges jury. | —0 |
Provide security by patrolling interior and exterior of courthouse and escorting judges and other court employees. | —0 |
Check courtroom for security and cleanliness and assure availability of sundry supplies, such as notepads, for use by judge, jurors, and attorneys. | —0 |
Screen, control, and handle evidence and exhibits during court proceedings. | —0 |
Guard lodging of sequestered jury. | —0 |
Provide jury escort to restaurant and other areas outside of courtroom to prevent jury contact with public. | —0 |
Escort prisoners to and from courthouse and maintain custody of prisoners during court proceedings. | —0 |
Maintain court docket. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain court docket.O*NET Task ID 20128 | 1.0 |
Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact.O*NET Task ID 2091 | 0.0 |
Guard lodging of sequestered jury.O*NET Task ID 2092 | 0.0 |
Provide jury escort to restaurant and other areas outside of courtroom to prevent jury contact with public.O*NET Task ID 2093 | 0.0 |
Enforce courtroom rules of behavior and warn persons not to smoke or disturb court procedure.O*NET Task ID 2094 | 0.0 |
Report need for police or medical assistance to sheriff's office.O*NET Task ID 2095 | 0.0 |
Announce entrance of judge.O*NET Task ID 2097 | 0.0 |
Stop people from entering courtroom while judge charges jury.O*NET Task ID 2098 | 0.0 |
Screen persons entering courthouse using magnetometers, x-ray machines, and other devices to collect and retain unauthorized firearms and other contraband.O*NET Task ID 20123 | 0.0 |
Provide security by patrolling interior and exterior of courthouse and escorting judges and other court employees.O*NET Task ID 20124 | 0.0 |
Check courtroom for security and cleanliness and assure availability of sundry supplies, such as notepads, for use by judge, jurors, and attorneys.O*NET Task ID 20125 | 0.0 |
Screen, control, and handle evidence and exhibits during court proceedings.O*NET Task ID 20126 | 0.0 |
Escort prisoners to and from courthouse and maintain custody of prisoners during court proceedings.O*NET Task ID 20127 | 0.0 |
Arrest persons in court when arrest warrants have been issued.O*NET Task ID 21197 | 0.0 |
Provide assistance to the public, such as directions to court offices.O*NET Task ID 21198 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (15)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact. | Core |
| Guard lodging of sequestered jury. | Core |
| Enforce courtroom rules of behavior and warn persons not to smoke or disturb court procedure. | Core |
| Report need for police or medical assistance to sheriff's office. | Core |
| Announce entrance of judge. | Core |
| Stop people from entering courtroom while judge charges jury. | Core |
| Screen persons entering courthouse using magnetometers, x-ray machines, and other devices to collect and retain unauthorized firearms and other contraband. | Core |
| Provide security by patrolling interior and exterior of courthouse and escorting judges and other court employees. | Core |
| Check courtroom for security and cleanliness and assure availability of sundry supplies, such as notepads, for use by judge, jurors, and attorneys. | Core |
| Screen, control, and handle evidence and exhibits during court proceedings. | Core |
| Escort prisoners to and from courthouse and maintain custody of prisoners during court proceedings. | Core |
| Arrest persons in court when arrest warrants have been issued. | Core |
| Provide assistance to the public, such as directions to court offices. | Core |
| Provide jury escort to restaurant and other areas outside of courtroom to prevent jury contact with public. | Supplemental |
| Maintain court docket. | Supplemental |
0.37/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact. | E0 none |
| Guard lodging of sequestered jury. | E0 none |
| Enforce courtroom rules of behavior and warn persons not to smoke or disturb court procedure. | E0 none |
| Stop people from entering courtroom while judge charges jury. | E2 structured facilities |
| Screen persons entering courthouse using magnetometers, x-ray machines, and other devices to collect and retain unauthorized firearms and other contraband. | E0 none |
| Provide security by patrolling interior and exterior of courthouse and escorting judges and other court employees. | E2 structured facilities |
| Check courtroom for security and cleanliness and assure availability of sundry supplies, such as notepads, for use by judge, jurors, and attorneys. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Screen, control, and handle evidence and exhibits during court proceedings. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Escort prisoners to and from courthouse and maintain custody of prisoners during court proceedings. | E0 none |
| Arrest persons in court when arrest warrants have been issued. | E0 none |
| Provide jury escort to restaurant and other areas outside of courtroom to prevent jury contact with public. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 18K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 18K
- Change (2025–35)
- -1.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $56,600
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41299 | 그 외 경호 및 보안 관련 종사원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3411Legal and Related Associate Professionals
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Legal and related associate professionals perform support functions in courts of law or in law offices, provide services related to such legal matters as insurance contracts, the transferring of property and the granting of loans and other financial transactions or conduct investigations for clients.
Tasks
- (a) documenting court proceedings and judgements;
- (b) serving statements of claims, summonses, warrants, subpoenas and other court orders;
- (c) maintaining order in court and hearing rooms;
- (d) preparing legal documents including trial briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills and contracts and preparing, papers summarizing legal positions or setting out conditions of loans or insurance;
- (e) investigating facts, assembling evidence and researching relevant statutes, decisions and other legal documents to prepare cases;
- (f) advising clients on legal matters;
- (g) examining documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgements, easements, contracts and maps in order to verify properties’ legal descriptions and ownership;
- (h) preparing documents relating to transfer of real estate, stocks or other matters requiring formal registration;
- (i) investigating possible cases of theft of goods, money or information from business establishments and of other possible cases of unlawful behaviour by customers or employees;
- (j) investigating establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of persons on behalf of clients.
Example occupations
Bailiff · Conveyancing clerk · Court clerk · Judge’s clerk · Justice of the peace · Law clerk · Legal assistant · Paralegal · Private detective · Title searcher
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- court bailiffESCO 3411.4Same scope
Court bailiffs maintain order and security in courtrooms. They transport offenders to and from the courtroom, ensure necessary supplies are present in the courtroom, and investigate the premises and examine individuals to ensure there are no threats. They also open and close court, and call witnesses.
- court enforcement officerESCO 3411.6Overlapping, not the same
Court enforcement officers enforce orders of court judgements such as managing the recovery of money owed, seizing of goods, and selling goods in public auctions to obtain the money owed. They also send summons and arrest warrants to ensure attendance in court or other judicial procedures.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1905 | Huissier / Huissière de justice | Related, not a match |
| K2503 | Agent / Agente de prévention et de sécurité | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3711 | Profesionales de apoyo de servicios jurídicos y servicios similares | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 53241 | Berufe im Justizvollzugsdienst - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 453 | 警備員 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources