Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 35-9011.00
Facilitate food service. Clean tables; remove dirty dishes; replace soiled table linens; set tables; replenish supply of clean linens, silverware, glassware, and dishes; supply service bar with food; and serve items such as water, condiments, and coffee to patrons.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.13–0.24· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 5246Food Service Counter Attendants0.24
- ISCO-08 9412Kitchen Helpers0.13
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only24 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Locate items requested by customers.35-9011.00 | 0.0200100.0 | 0.0100100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 22 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Wipe tables or seats with dampened cloths or replace dirty tablecloths. | —0 | —0 |
Set tables with clean linens, condiments, or other supplies. | —0 | —0 |
Scrape and stack dirty dishes and carry dishes and other tableware to kitchens for cleaning. | —0 | —0 |
Clean up spilled food or drink or broken dishes and remove empty bottles and trash. | —0 | —0 |
Perform serving, cleaning, or stocking duties in establishments, such as cafeterias or dining rooms, to facilitate customer service. | —0 | —0 |
Maintain adequate supplies of items, such as clean linens, silverware, glassware, dishes, or trays. | —0 | —0 |
Serve ice water, coffee, rolls, or butter to patrons. | —0 | —0 |
Fill beverage or ice dispensers. | —0 | —0 |
Stock cabinets or serving areas with condiments and refill condiment containers. | —0 | —0 |
Carry food, dishes, trays, or silverware from kitchens or supply departments to serving counters. | —0 | —0 |
Serve food to customers when waiters or waitresses need assistance. | —0 | —0 |
Clean and polish counters, shelves, walls, furniture, or equipment in food service areas or other areas of restaurants and mop or vacuum floors. | —0 | —0 |
Carry trays from food counters to tables for cafeteria patrons. | —0 | —0 |
Run cash registers. | —0 | —0 |
Greet and seat customers. | —0 | —0 |
Replenish supplies of food or equipment at steam tables or service bars. | —0 | —0 |
Wash glasses or other serving equipment at bars. | —0 | —0 |
Garnish foods and position them on tables to make them visible and accessible. | —0 | —0 |
Carry linens to or from laundry areas. | —0 | —0 |
Stock refrigerating units with wines or bottled beer or replace empty beer kegs. | —0 | —0 |
Mix and prepare flavors for mixed drinks. | —0 | —0 |
Slice and pit fruit used to garnish drinks. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Wipe tables or seats with dampened cloths or replace dirty tablecloths.O*NET Task ID 11163 | 0.0 |
Set tables with clean linens, condiments, or other supplies.O*NET Task ID 11164 | 0.0 |
Scrape and stack dirty dishes and carry dishes and other tableware to kitchens for cleaning.O*NET Task ID 11165 | 0.0 |
Clean up spilled food or drink or broken dishes and remove empty bottles and trash.O*NET Task ID 11166 | 0.0 |
Perform serving, cleaning, or stocking duties in establishments, such as cafeterias or dining rooms, to facilitate customer service.O*NET Task ID 11167 | 0.0 |
Maintain adequate supplies of items, such as clean linens, silverware, glassware, dishes, or trays.O*NET Task ID 11168 | 0.0 |
Serve ice water, coffee, rolls, or butter to patrons.O*NET Task ID 11169 | 0.0 |
Fill beverage or ice dispensers.O*NET Task ID 11170 | 0.0 |
Stock cabinets or serving areas with condiments and refill condiment containers.O*NET Task ID 11171 | 0.0 |
Locate items requested by customers.O*NET Task ID 11172 | 0.0 |
Carry food, dishes, trays, or silverware from kitchens or supply departments to serving counters.O*NET Task ID 11173 | 0.0 |
Serve food to customers when waiters or waitresses need assistance.O*NET Task ID 11174 | 0.0 |
Clean and polish counters, shelves, walls, furniture, or equipment in food service areas or other areas of restaurants and mop or vacuum floors.O*NET Task ID 11175 | 0.0 |
Carry trays from food counters to tables for cafeteria patrons.O*NET Task ID 11176 | 0.0 |
Replenish supplies of food or equipment at steam tables or service bars.O*NET Task ID 11177 | 0.0 |
Run cash registers.O*NET Task ID 11178 | 0.0 |
Wash glasses or other serving equipment at bars.O*NET Task ID 11179 | 0.0 |
Garnish foods and position them on tables to make them visible and accessible.O*NET Task ID 11180 | 0.0 |
Carry linens to or from laundry areas.O*NET Task ID 11181 | 0.0 |
Stock refrigerating units with wines or bottled beer or replace empty beer kegs.O*NET Task ID 11182 | 0.0 |
Mix and prepare flavors for mixed drinks.O*NET Task ID 11183 | 0.0 |
Slice and pit fruit used to garnish drinks.O*NET Task ID 11184 | 0.0 |
Stock vending machines with food.O*NET Task ID 11185 | 0.0 |
Greet and seat customers.O*NET Task ID 23929 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (23)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Wipe tables or seats with dampened cloths or replace dirty tablecloths. | Core |
| Set tables with clean linens, condiments, or other supplies. | Core |
| Scrape and stack dirty dishes and carry dishes and other tableware to kitchens for cleaning. | Core |
| Clean up spilled food or drink or broken dishes and remove empty bottles and trash. | Core |
| Perform serving, cleaning, or stocking duties in establishments, such as cafeterias or dining rooms, to facilitate customer service. | Core |
| Maintain adequate supplies of items, such as clean linens, silverware, glassware, dishes, or trays. | Core |
| Serve ice water, coffee, rolls, or butter to patrons. | Core |
| Fill beverage or ice dispensers. | Core |
| Stock cabinets or serving areas with condiments and refill condiment containers. | Core |
| Locate items requested by customers. | Core |
| Carry food, dishes, trays, or silverware from kitchens or supply departments to serving counters. | Core |
| Serve food to customers when waiters or waitresses need assistance. | Core |
| Clean and polish counters, shelves, walls, furniture, or equipment in food service areas or other areas of restaurants and mop or vacuum floors. | Core |
| Carry trays from food counters to tables for cafeteria patrons. | Core |
| Run cash registers. | Core |
| Greet and seat customers. | Core |
| Replenish supplies of food or equipment at steam tables or service bars. | Supplemental |
| Wash glasses or other serving equipment at bars. | Supplemental |
| Garnish foods and position them on tables to make them visible and accessible. | Supplemental |
| Carry linens to or from laundry areas. | Supplemental |
| Stock refrigerating units with wines or bottled beer or replace empty beer kegs. | Supplemental |
| Mix and prepare flavors for mixed drinks. | Supplemental |
| Slice and pit fruit used to garnish drinks. | Supplemental |
1.15/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Wipe tables or seats with dampened cloths or replace dirty tablecloths. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set tables with clean linens, condiments, or other supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Scrape and stack dirty dishes and carry dishes and other tableware to kitchens for cleaning. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean up spilled food or drink or broken dishes and remove empty bottles and trash. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform serving, cleaning, or stocking duties in establishments, such as cafeterias or dining rooms, to facilitate customer service. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Maintain adequate supplies of items, such as clean linens, silverware, glassware, dishes, or trays. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Serve ice water, coffee, rolls, or butter to patrons. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fill beverage or ice dispensers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Stock cabinets or serving areas with condiments and refill condiment containers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Locate items requested by customers. | E2 structured facilities |
| Carry food, dishes, trays, or silverware from kitchens or supply departments to serving counters. | E2 structured facilities |
| Serve food to customers when waiters or waitresses need assistance. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean and polish counters, shelves, walls, furniture, or equipment in food service areas or other areas of restaurants and mop or vacuum floors. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Carry trays from food counters to tables for cafeteria patrons. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Run cash registers. | E2 structured facilities |
| Replenish supplies of food or equipment at steam tables or service bars. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Wash glasses or other serving equipment at bars. | E2 structured facilities |
| Garnish foods and position them on tables to make them visible and accessible. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Carry linens to or from laundry areas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Stock refrigerating units with wines or bottled beer or replace empty beer kegs. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Mix and prepare flavors for mixed drinks. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Slice and pit fruit used to garnish drinks. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 547K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 576K
- Change (2025–35)
- +5.3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $33,980
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45399 | 그 외 식음료 서비스 종사원 | Overlapping, not the same | reviewed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5246Food Service Counter Attendants
- ISCO-08 9412Kitchen Helpers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
ISCO-08 5246
- quick service restaurant team leaderESCO 5246.2
Quick service restaurant team leaders manage operations in a quick service restaurant.
- airline food service workerESCO 5246.1
Airline food service workers prepare food and serve customers. They prepare simple dishes to be used in places that serve food such restaurants, cafetarias, hotels, hospitals and ensure that kitchen operations run smoothly and efficiently.
ISCO-08 9412
- kitchen assistantESCO 9412.1
Kitchen assistants assist in the preparation of food and cleaning of the kitchen area.
- kitchen porterESCO 9412.2
Kitchen porters wash and clean kitchen areas, including pots, pans, utensils, cutlery and dishes. They prepare the kitchen area before service, and receive and store supplies.
ESCO occupations that ESCO classifies under the ISCO-08 unit groups linked above; they are not matched to this occupation one by one.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| G1607 | Employé / Employée de restauration collective | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| G1801 | Barman / Barmaid | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| G1803 | Serveur / Serveuse en restauration | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 9310 | Ayudantes de cocina | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 5120 | Camareros asalariados | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 63301 | Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 403 | 飲食物給仕従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources