First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 37-1012.00
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping activities. Work may involve reviewing contracts to ascertain service, machine, and workforce requirements; answering inquiries from potential customers regarding methods, material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to labor, material, and machine costs.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.108
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.13–0.18· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 6113Gardeners, Horticultural and Nursery Growers0.18
- ISCO-08 7544Fumigators and Other Pest and Weed Controllers0.13
Task-level exposure
Show 26 hidden tasks28 rated tasks · 16 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (57.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Answer inquiries from current or prospective customers regarding methods, materials, or price ranges.37-1012.00 | 0.068697.0 | 0.017440.5 |
Monitor project activities to ensure that instructions are followed, deadlines are met, and schedules are maintained.37-1012.00 | 0.00213.0 | 0.025659.5 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Review contracts or work assignments to determine service, machine, or workforce requirements for jobs.O*NET Task ID 11211 | 1.0 |
Maintain required records, such as personnel information or project records.O*NET Task ID 11212 | 1.0 |
Prepare or maintain required records, such as work activity or personnel reports.O*NET Task ID 11213 | 1.0 |
Perform administrative duties, such as authorizing leaves or processing time sheets.O*NET Task ID 11219 | 1.0 |
Schedule work for crews, depending on work priorities, crew or equipment availability, or weather conditions.O*NET Task ID 11202 | 0.5 |
Monitor project activities to ensure that instructions are followed, deadlines are met, and schedules are maintained.O*NET Task ID 11204 | 0.5 |
Perform personnel-related activities, such as hiring workers, evaluating staff performance, or taking disciplinary actions when performance problems occur.O*NET Task ID 11209 | 0.5 |
Order the performance of corrective work when problems occur and recommend procedural changes to avoid such problems.O*NET Task ID 11214 | 0.5 |
Identify diseases or pests affecting landscaping and order appropriate treatments.O*NET Task ID 11215 | 0.5 |
Investigate work-related complaints to verify problems and to determine responses.O*NET Task ID 11216 | 0.5 |
Recommend changes in working conditions or equipment used to increase crew efficiency.O*NET Task ID 11220 | 0.5 |
Confer with managers or landscape architects to develop plans or schedules for landscaping maintenance or improvement.O*NET Task ID 11221 | 0.5 |
Negotiate with customers regarding fees for landscaping, lawn service, or groundskeeping work.O*NET Task ID 11222 | 0.5 |
Answer inquiries from current or prospective customers regarding methods, materials, or price ranges.O*NET Task ID 11223 | 0.5 |
Prepare service estimates based on labor, material, and machine costs and maintain budgets for individual projects.O*NET Task ID 11224 | 0.5 |
Design or supervise the installation of sprinkler systems, calculating water pressure, or valve and pipe coverage needs.O*NET Task ID 11226 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (28)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Establish and enforce operating procedures and work standards that will ensure adequate performance and personnel safety. | Core |
| Inspect completed work to ensure conformance to specifications, standards, and contract requirements. | Core |
| Direct activities of workers who perform duties, such as landscaping, cultivating lawns, or pruning trees and shrubs. | Core |
| Schedule work for crews, depending on work priorities, crew or equipment availability, or weather conditions. | Core |
| Plant or maintain vegetation through activities such as mulching, fertilizing, watering, mowing, or pruning. | Core |
| Monitor project activities to ensure that instructions are followed, deadlines are met, and schedules are maintained. | Core |
| Train workers in tasks such as transplanting or pruning trees or shrubs, finishing cement, using equipment, or caring for turf. | Core |
| Provide workers with assistance in performing duties as necessary to meet deadlines. | Core |
| Inventory supplies of tools, equipment, or materials to ensure that sufficient supplies are available and items are in usable condition. | Core |
| Confer with other supervisors to coordinate work activities with those of other departments or units. | Core |
| Perform personnel-related activities, such as hiring workers, evaluating staff performance, or taking disciplinary actions when performance problems occur. | Core |
| Direct or perform mixing or application of fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, or fungicides. | Core |
| Review contracts or work assignments to determine service, machine, or workforce requirements for jobs. | Core |
| Maintain required records, such as personnel information or project records. | Core |
| Prepare or maintain required records, such as work activity or personnel reports. | Core |
| Order the performance of corrective work when problems occur and recommend procedural changes to avoid such problems. | Core |
| Identify diseases or pests affecting landscaping and order appropriate treatments. | Core |
| Investigate work-related complaints to verify problems and to determine responses. | Core |
| Direct or assist workers engaged in the maintenance or repair of equipment, such as power tools or motorized equipment. | Core |
| Install or maintain landscaped areas, performing tasks such as removing snow, pouring cement curbs, or repairing sidewalks. | Core |
| Perform administrative duties, such as authorizing leaves or processing time sheets. | Core |
| Recommend changes in working conditions or equipment used to increase crew efficiency. | Core |
| Confer with managers or landscape architects to develop plans or schedules for landscaping maintenance or improvement. | Core |
| Answer inquiries from current or prospective customers regarding methods, materials, or price ranges. | Core |
| Prepare service estimates based on labor, material, and machine costs and maintain budgets for individual projects. | Core |
| Tour grounds, such as parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, or golf courses, to inspect conditions of plants and soil. | Core |
| Design or supervise the installation of sprinkler systems, calculating water pressure, or valve and pipe coverage needs. | Core |
| Negotiate with customers regarding fees for landscaping, lawn service, or groundskeeping work. | Supplemental |
0.33/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Inspect completed work to ensure conformance to specifications, standards, and contract requirements. | E0 none |
| Plant or maintain vegetation through activities such as mulching, fertilizing, watering, mowing, or pruning. | E2 structured facilities |
| Provide workers with assistance in performing duties as necessary to meet deadlines. | E0 none |
| Inventory supplies of tools, equipment, or materials to ensure that sufficient supplies are available and items are in usable condition. | E2 structured facilities |
| Direct or perform mixing or application of fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, or fungicides. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Identify diseases or pests affecting landscaping and order appropriate treatments. | E0 none |
| Direct or assist workers engaged in the maintenance or repair of equipment, such as power tools or motorized equipment. | E0 none |
| Install or maintain landscaped areas, performing tasks such as removing snow, pouring cement curbs, or repairing sidewalks. | E0 none |
| Tour grounds, such as parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, or golf courses, to inspect conditions of plants and soil. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 243K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 253K
- Change (2025–35)
- +4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $58,430
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61220 | 조경원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
| 23143 | 조경시공 기술자 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 6113Gardeners, Horticultural and Nursery Growers
- ISCO-08 7544Fumigators and Other Pest and Weed Controllers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- horticulture production managerESCO 6113.2Overlapping, not the same
Horticultural production managers plan the production, manage the enterprise and participate in the production
- horticulture production team leaderESCO 6113.3Overlapping, not the same
Horticulture production team leaders are responsible for leading and working with a team. They organise daily work schedules for the production of horticulture crops and participate in the production.
- landscape architectESCO 2162.1Overlapping, not the same
Landscape architects plan and design the construction of gardens and natural spaces. They determine the specifications and distribution of the space. They combine an understanding of the natural space with a sense of aesthetics in order to create a harmonious space.
- landscape gardenerESCO 6113.6Overlapping, not the same
Landscape gardeners plan, construct, renovate and maintain parks, gardens and public green spaces.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| A1211 | Chef / Cheffe d'équipe paysagiste | Same scope |
| A1221 | Conducteur / Conductrice de travaux paysagers | Overlapping, not the same |
| A1219 | Directeur / Directrice espaces verts et biodiversité | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 6120 | Trabajadores cualificados en huertas, invernaderos, viveros y jardines | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 3142 | Técnicos agropecuarios | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 12193 | Aufsichtskräfte - Gartenbau | This occupation is narrower |
| 12143 | Berufe im Garten-, Landschafts- und Sportplatzbau - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 12133 | Berufe in der Friedhofsgärtnerei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 463 | 植木職，造園師 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources