Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers
Personal Care and Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 39-3031.00
Assist patrons at entertainment events by performing duties, such as collecting admission tickets and passes from patrons, assisting in finding seats, searching for lost articles, and helping patrons locate such facilities as restrooms and telephones.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.29
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 21 hidden tasks23 rated tasks · 4 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (17.4%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Lead tours and answer visitors' questions about the exhibits.39-3031.00 | 0.013185.9 |
Count and record number of tickets collected.39-3031.00 | 0.002214.1 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Manage inventory or sale of artist merchandise.O*NET Task ID 5112 | 1.0 |
Assist patrons by giving directions to points in or outside of the facility or providing information about local attractions.O*NET Task ID 20766 | 1.0 |
Schedule or manage staff, such as volunteer usher corps.O*NET Task ID 20768 | 1.0 |
Examine tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as color or date issued.O*NET Task ID 5097 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (23)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Greet patrons attending entertainment events. | Core |
| Examine tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as color or date issued. | Core |
| Guide patrons to exits or provide other instructions or assistance in case of emergency. | Core |
| Maintain order and ensure adherence to safety rules. | Core |
| Provide assistance with patrons' special needs, such as helping those with wheelchairs. | Core |
| Refuse admittance to undesirable persons or persons without tickets or passes. | Core |
| Settle seating disputes or help solve other customer concerns. | Core |
| Search for lost articles or for parents of lost children. | Core |
| Sell or collect admission tickets, passes, or facility memberships from patrons at entertainment events. | Core |
| Clean facilities. | Core |
| Assist patrons by giving directions to points in or outside of the facility or providing information about local attractions. | Core |
| Assist patrons in finding seats, lighting the way with flashlights, if necessary. | Supplemental |
| Count and record number of tickets collected. | Supplemental |
| Operate refreshment stands during intermission or obtain refreshments for press box patrons during performances. | Supplemental |
| Verify credentials of patrons desiring entrance into press box and permit only authorized persons to enter. | Supplemental |
| Distribute programs to patrons. | Supplemental |
| Work with others to change advertising displays. | Supplemental |
| Manage inventory or sale of artist merchandise. | Supplemental |
| Give door checks to patrons who are temporarily leaving establishments. | Supplemental |
| Manage informational kiosks or displays of event signs or posters. | Supplemental |
| Page individuals wanted at the box office. | Supplemental |
| Lead tours and answer visitors' questions about the exhibits. | Supplemental |
| Schedule or manage staff, such as volunteer usher corps. | Supplemental |
0.79/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Examine tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as color or date issued. | E2 structured facilities |
| Guide patrons to exits or provide other instructions or assistance in case of emergency. | E0 none |
| Maintain order and ensure adherence to safety rules. | E0 none |
| Provide assistance with patrons' special needs, such as helping those with wheelchairs. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assist patrons in finding seats, lighting the way with flashlights, if necessary. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Search for lost articles or for parents of lost children. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sell or collect admission tickets, passes, or facility memberships from patrons at entertainment events. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean facilities. | E0 none |
| Count and record number of tickets collected. | E2 structured facilities |
| Operate refreshment stands during intermission or obtain refreshments for press box patrons during performances. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Distribute programs to patrons. | E2 structured facilities |
| Work with others to change advertising displays. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Manage inventory or sale of artist merchandise. | E2 structured facilities |
| Give door checks to patrons who are temporarily leaving establishments. | E2 structured facilities |
| Manage informational kiosks or displays of event signs or posters. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 125K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 126K
- Change (2025–35)
- +0.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $32,910
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 99930 | 검표원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
| 52133 | 입장권 판매원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 9629Elementary Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
This unit group covers elementary workers not classified elsewhere in Major Group 9: Elementary Occupations. For instance, the group includes those who issue and collect parking or admission tickets, provide personal items to patrons or customers in cloakrooms, and assist patrons at entertainment events.
Tasks
- In such cases tasks would include -
- (a) selling admission tickets and passes to patrons at entertainment events or collecting tickets, passes and tags from patrons;
- (b) examining tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as colour and date issued;
- (c) guiding patrons to exits or providing other instructions or assistance in case of emergency;
- (d) directing patrons to restrooms, concession stands and telephones;
- (e) directing vehicle drivers to parking spaces;
- (f) patrolling parking areas in order to prevent vehicle damage and vehicle property thefts;
- (g) calculating parking charges and collecting fees from customers;
- (h) assigning dressing room facilities, locker space or clothing containers to patrons of athletic or bathing establishments.
Example occupations
Cloak room attendant · Fairground attendant · Parking attendant · Ticket collector · Usher
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- amusement and recreation attendantESCO 9629.2This occupation is broader
Amusement and recreation attendants perform a variety of attending duties at amusement or recreation facility. They may schedule the use of recreation facilities, maintain and provide equipment to participants of sporting events or recreational pursuits or operate amusement concessions and rides.
- attraction operatorESCO 9629.3This occupation is broader
Attraction operators control rides and monitor the attraction. They provide first aid assistance and materials as needed, and immediately report to the area supervisor. They conduct opening and closing procedures in assigned areas.
- cloak room attendantESCO 9629.4This occupation is broader
Cloak room attendants ensure that clients' coats and bags are safely deposited within the cloak room. They interact with clients to receive their articles, exchange tickets for their corresponding items, and return them to their owners. They might assist with requests and complaints.
- doorman/doorwomanESCO 9621.1This occupation is broader
Doormen/doorwomen welcome guests to a hospitality establishment and provide additional services related to assistance with luggage, guests' safety whilst ensuring security.
- ticket issuing clerkESCO 5230.3This occupation is broader
Ticket issuing clerks provide service to customers, sell tickets and fit the reservation offer to customers' needs. They sell tickets for all events such as sporting, cultural and leisure activities. They provide customers with information on offers and make the necessary arrangements.
- ticket sales agentESCO 4221.2This occupation is broader
Ticket sales agents provide initial service to customers, sell travel tickets and fit the reservation offer to customers' queries and needs.
- usherESCO 9629.7This occupation is broader
Ushers assist visitors by showing their way in a big building such as a theatre, stadium or concert hall. They check visitors' tickets for authorized access, give directions to their seats and answer questions. Ushers may take on security monitoring tasks and alert security personnel when required.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| G1225 | Ouvreur / Ouvreuse de salle de spectacles | This occupation is broader |
| G1248 | Agent / Agente d'accueil en cinéma | Related, not a match |
| D1515 | Agent / Agente de billetterie | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| G1249 | Responsable de hall de cinéma | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 9490 | Otras ocupaciones elementales | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 5500 | Cajeros y taquilleros (excepto bancos) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 63401 | Berufe im Veranstaltungsservice und -management - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 407 | 娯楽場等接客員 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources