Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance
Personal Care and Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 39-5091.00
Apply makeup to performers to reflect period, setting, and situation of their role.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.18
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 17 hidden tasks21 rated tasks · 13 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (61.9%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Analyze a script, noting events that affect each character's appearance, so that plans can be made for each scene.39-5091.00 | 0.005936.3 |
Examine sketches, photographs, and plaster models in order to obtain desired character image depiction.39-5091.00 | 0.005232.3 |
Study production information, such as character descriptions, period settings, and situations in order to determine makeup requirements.39-5091.00 | 0.002616.1 |
Establish budgets, and work within budgetary limits.39-5091.00 | 0.002515.3 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Study production information, such as character descriptions, period settings, and situations, to determine makeup requirements.O*NET Task ID 14814 | 1.0 |
Duplicate work precisely to replicate characters' appearances on a daily basis.O*NET Task ID 14798 | 0.5 |
Establish budgets, and work within budgetary limits.O*NET Task ID 14799 | 0.5 |
Apply makeup to enhance or alter the appearance of people appearing in productions such as movies.O*NET Task ID 14800 | 0.5 |
Alter or maintain makeup during productions as necessary to compensate for lighting changes or to achieve continuity of effect.O*NET Task ID 14801 | 0.5 |
Analyze a script, noting events that affect each character's appearance, so that plans can be made for each scene.O*NET Task ID 14805 | 0.5 |
Write makeup sheets and take photos to document specific looks and the products used to achieve the looks.O*NET Task ID 14807 | 0.5 |
Examine sketches, photographs, and plaster models to obtain desired character image depiction.O*NET Task ID 14808 | 0.5 |
Attach prostheses to performers and apply makeup to create special features or effects, such as scars, aging, or illness.O*NET Task ID 14809 | 0.5 |
Evaluate environmental characteristics, such as venue size and lighting plans, to determine makeup requirements.O*NET Task ID 14810 | 0.5 |
Design rubber or plastic prostheses that can be used to change performers' appearances.O*NET Task ID 14811 | 0.5 |
Create character drawings or models, based upon independent research, to augment period production files.O*NET Task ID 14812 | 0.5 |
Advise hairdressers on the hairstyles required for character parts.O*NET Task ID 14813 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (22)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Confer with stage or motion picture officials and performers to determine desired effects. | Core |
| Duplicate work precisely to replicate characters' appearances on a daily basis. | Core |
| Establish budgets, and work within budgetary limits. | Core |
| Apply makeup to enhance or alter the appearance of people appearing in productions such as movies. | Core |
| Alter or maintain makeup during productions as necessary to compensate for lighting changes or to achieve continuity of effect. | Core |
| Select desired makeup shades from stock, or mix oil, grease, and coloring to achieve specific color effects. | Core |
| Cleanse and tone the skin to prepare it for makeup application. | Core |
| Assess performers' skin type to ensure that makeup will not cause break-outs or skin irritations. | Core |
| Analyze a script, noting events that affect each character's appearance, so that plans can be made for each scene. | Core |
| Requisition or acquire needed materials for special effects, including wigs, beards, and special cosmetics. | Core |
| Write makeup sheets and take photos to document specific looks and the products used to achieve the looks. | Core |
| Examine sketches, photographs, and plaster models to obtain desired character image depiction. | Core |
| Attach prostheses to performers and apply makeup to create special features or effects, such as scars, aging, or illness. | Core |
| Evaluate environmental characteristics, such as venue size and lighting plans, to determine makeup requirements. | Core |
| Design rubber or plastic prostheses that can be used to change performers' appearances. | Core |
| Create character drawings or models, based upon independent research, to augment period production files. | Core |
| Study production information, such as character descriptions, period settings, and situations, to determine makeup requirements. | Core |
| Provide performers with makeup removal assistance after performances have been completed. | Core |
| Demonstrate products to clients, and provide instruction in makeup application. | Core |
| Clean supplies such as makeup brushes. | Core |
| Advise hairdressers on the hairstyles required for character parts. | Supplemental |
| Wash and reset wigs. | Supplemental |
0.06/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Duplicate work precisely to replicate characters' appearances on a daily basis. | E0 none |
| Apply makeup to enhance or alter the appearance of people appearing in productions such as movies. | E0 none |
| Alter or maintain makeup during productions as necessary to compensate for lighting changes or to achieve continuity of effect. | E0 none |
| Select desired makeup shades from stock, or mix oil, grease, and coloring to achieve specific color effects. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cleanse and tone the skin to prepare it for makeup application. | E0 none |
| Attach prostheses to performers and apply makeup to create special features or effects, such as scars, aging, or illness. | E0 none |
| Design rubber or plastic prostheses that can be used to change performers' appearances. | E0 none |
| Provide performers with makeup removal assistance after performances have been completed. | E0 none |
| Demonstrate products to clients, and provide instruction in makeup application. | E0 none |
| Wash and reset wigs. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 4K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 5K
- Change (2025–35)
- +6.1%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $97,150
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 43152 | 특수 분장사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 43153 | 분장사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 43151 | 메이크업 아티스트 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 5142Beauticians and Related Workers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Beauticians and related workers, give facial and body beauty treatments, apply cosmetics and make-up and give other kinds of treatment to individuals in order to improve their appearance.
Tasks
- (a) cleaning and applying creams, lotions and related products to face and other parts of the body;
- (b) giving facial and body massage;
- (c) applying make-up to clients of a beauty parlour or to actors and other performers;
- (d) cleaning, shaping and polishing finger- and toe-nails and treating ailments of the human foot such as corns, calluses or deformed toe-nails;
- (e) attending to clients taking baths and administering elementary massage;
- (f) using waxing, sugaring and depilation techniques to remove unwanted bodily hair;
- (g) advising clients on diet and exercise to assist in weight loss and slimming;
- (h) arranging appointments and collecting payments.
Example occupations
Bath attendant · Beautician · Make-up artist · Manicurist · Pedicurist · Slimming consultant
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- make-up artistESCO 5142.5Same scope
Make-up artists assist and support artists before, during and after the performance and filming of movies or television programs to ensure the make-up is in line with the artistic vision of the director and the artistic team. They create images and characters through make-up and prosthetics. They maintain, check and repair prosthetics and assist with quick changes.
- make-up and hair designerESCO 5142.4This occupation is narrower
Make-up and hair designers develop a design concept for make-up and hair of performers and supervise the execution of it. Their work is based on research and artistic vision. Their design is influenced by and influences other designs and must be conform with these designs and the overall artistic vision. Therefore, the designers work closely with artistic directors, operators and the artistic team. Make-up and hair designers develop sketches, design drawings or other documentation to support the workshop and performance crew. Make-up designers sometimes also work as autonomous artists, creating make-up art outside a performance context.
- body artistESCO 3435.4Overlapping, not the same
Body artists decorate clients' skin temporarily or permanently. They use various techniques such as tattooing or piercing. Body artists follow clients' preferences in terms of tattoo's or piercing's design and body surface and apply it safely. They also advise on methods to avoid infection following the procedures on clients' bodies.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| L1501 | Maquilleur / Maquilleuse spectacle | Same scope |
| D1208 | Esthéticien / Esthéticienne | Related, not a match |
| L1517 | Chef coiffeur / Cheffe coiffeuse spectacle | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 5812 | Especialistas en tratamientos de estética, bienestar y afines | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 3739 | Otros técnicos y profesionales de apoyo de actividades culturales y artísticas | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 82342 | Berufe in der Maskenbildnerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Same scope |
| 82343 | Berufe in der Maskenbildnerei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 383 | 美容サービス従事者（美容師を除く） | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources