Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
Sales and Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 41-4011.00
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.271
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.49–0.51· 3 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2433Technical and Medical Sales Professionals (excluding ICT)0.50
- ISCO-08 2434Information and Communications Technology Sales Professionals0.51
- ISCO-08 3322Commercial Sales Representatives0.49
Task-level exposure
Show 18 hidden tasks36 rated tasks · 33 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (91.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 3 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms.41-4011.00 | 0.253365.9 | 0.188626.2 |
Study documentation or other information for new scientific or technical products.41-4011.00 | 0.053013.8 | 0.05677.9 |
Select or assist customers in selecting products based on customer needs, product specifications, and applicable regulations.41-4011.00 | 0.03549.2 | 0.01812.5 |
Prepare sales presentations or proposals to explain product specifications or applications.41-4011.00 | 0.01253.3 | 0.02944.1 |
Contact new or existing customers to discuss how specific products or services can meet their needs.41-4011.00 | 0.00792.0 | 0.342447.5 |
Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, environmental regulations, or industry developments.41-4011.00 | 0.00731.9 | 0.00711.0 |
Visit establishments, such as pharmacies, to determine product sales.41-4011.00 | 0.00471.2 | —0 |
Provide customers with ongoing technical support.41-4011.00 | 0.00270.7 | 0.01522.1 |
Maintain customer records, using automated systems.41-4011.00 | 0.00230.6 | 0.02112.9 |
Compute customer's installation or production costs and estimate savings from new services, products, or equipment.41-4011.00 | 0.00200.5 | —0 |
Advise customers on product usage to improve production.41-4011.00 | 0.00200.5 | —0 |
Collaborate with colleagues to exchange information, such as selling strategies or marketing information.41-4011.00 | 0.00170.4 | 0.00650.9 |
Present information to customers about the energy efficiency or environmental impact of scientific or technical products. | —0 | 0.00981.4 |
Identify prospective customers using business directories, leads from existing clients, participation in organizations, or trade show or conference attendance. | —0 | 0.00691.0 |
Emphasize product features based on analyses of customers' needs and on technical knowledge of product capabilities and limitations. | —0 | 0.00680.9 |
Inform customers of estimated delivery schedules, service contracts, warranties, or other information pertaining to purchased products. | —0 | 0.00510.7 |
Quote prices, credit terms, or other bid specifications. | —0 | 0.00440.6 |
Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements. | —0 | 0.00230.3 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Quote prices, credit terms, or other bid specifications.O*NET Task ID 11238 | 1.0 |
Maintain customer records, using automated systems.O*NET Task ID 11241 | 1.0 |
Complete expense reports, sales reports, or other paperwork.O*NET Task ID 11252 | 1.0 |
Prepare and submit sales contracts for orders.O*NET Task ID 20608 | 1.0 |
Verify accuracy of materials lists.O*NET Task ID 20619 | 1.0 |
Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms.O*NET Task ID 11237 | 0.5 |
Emphasize product features, based on analyses of customers' needs and on technical knowledge of product capabilities and limitations.O*NET Task ID 11239 | 0.5 |
Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements.O*NET Task ID 11240 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with colleagues to exchange information, such as selling strategies or marketing information.O*NET Task ID 11245 | 0.5 |
Prepare sales presentations or proposals to explain product specifications or applications.O*NET Task ID 11246 | 0.5 |
Provide customers with ongoing technical support.O*NET Task ID 11248 | 0.5 |
Inform customers of estimated delivery schedules, service contracts, warranties, or other information pertaining to purchased products.O*NET Task ID 11249 | 0.5 |
Provide feedback to product design teams so that products can be tailored to clients' needs.O*NET Task ID 11256 | 0.5 |
Arrange for installation and testing of products or machinery.O*NET Task ID 11257 | 0.5 |
Compute customer's installation or production costs and estimate savings from new services, products, or equipment.O*NET Task ID 11261 | 0.5 |
Consult with engineers regarding technical problems with products.O*NET Task ID 11262 | 0.5 |
Obtain building blueprints or specifications for use by engineering departments in bid preparations.O*NET Task ID 11266 | 0.5 |
Visit establishments, such as pharmacies, to determine product sales.O*NET Task ID 11267 | 0.5 |
Inform customers about issues related to responsible use and disposal of products, such as waste reduction or product or byproduct recycling or disposal.O*NET Task ID 19825 | 0.5 |
Present information to customers about the energy efficiency or environmental impact of scientific or technical products.O*NET Task ID 19826 | 0.5 |
Research and convey information to customers about tax benefits or government rebates associated with energy-efficient scientific or technical products, such as solar panels.O*NET Task ID 19827 | 0.5 |
Sell technical and scientific products that are environmentally sound or designed for environmental remediation.O*NET Task ID 19828 | 0.5 |
Contact new or existing customers to discuss how specific products or services can meet their needs.O*NET Task ID 20609 | 0.5 |
Select or assist customers in selecting products based on customer needs, product specifications, and applicable regulations.O*NET Task ID 20610 | 0.5 |
Verify that delivery schedules meet project deadlines.O*NET Task ID 20611 | 0.5 |
Identify prospective customers, using business directories, leads from existing clients, participation in organizations, or trade show or conference attendance.O*NET Task ID 20612 | 0.5 |
Advise customers on product usage to improve production.O*NET Task ID 20613 | 0.5 |
Study documentation or other information for new scientific or technical products.O*NET Task ID 20614 | 0.5 |
Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, environmental regulations, or industry developments.O*NET Task ID 20615 | 0.5 |
Sell service contracts for technical or scientific products.O*NET Task ID 20616 | 0.5 |
Initiate sales campaigns to meet sales and production expectations.O*NET Task ID 20618 | 0.5 |
Verify customer credit ratings.O*NET Task ID 20620 | 0.5 |
Appraise equipment to determine contract terms or trade-in values.O*NET Task ID 20621 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (33)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms. | Core |
| Quote prices, credit terms, or other bid specifications. | Core |
| Emphasize product features, based on analyses of customers' needs and on technical knowledge of product capabilities and limitations. | Core |
| Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements. | Core |
| Maintain customer records, using automated systems. | Core |
| Collaborate with colleagues to exchange information, such as selling strategies or marketing information. | Core |
| Prepare sales presentations or proposals to explain product specifications or applications. | Core |
| Provide customers with ongoing technical support. | Core |
| Inform customers of estimated delivery schedules, service contracts, warranties, or other information pertaining to purchased products. | Core |
| Visit establishments to evaluate needs or to promote product or service sales. | Core |
| Complete expense reports, sales reports, or other paperwork. | Core |
| Compute customer's installation or production costs and estimate savings from new services, products, or equipment. | Core |
| Stock or distribute resources, such as samples or promotional or educational materials. | Core |
| Prepare and submit sales contracts for orders. | Core |
| Contact new or existing customers to discuss how specific products or services can meet their needs. | Core |
| Select or assist customers in selecting products based on customer needs, product specifications, and applicable regulations. | Core |
| Verify that delivery schedules meet project deadlines. | Core |
| Identify prospective customers, using business directories, leads from existing clients, participation in organizations, or trade show or conference attendance. | Core |
| Advise customers on product usage to improve production. | Core |
| Study documentation or other information for new scientific or technical products. | Core |
| Attend sales or trade meetings or read related publications to obtain information about market conditions, business trends, environmental regulations, or industry developments. | Core |
| Provide feedback to product design teams so that products can be tailored to clients' needs. | Supplemental |
| Arrange for installation and testing of products or machinery. | Supplemental |
| Consult with engineers regarding technical problems with products. | Supplemental |
| Visit establishments, such as pharmacies, to determine product sales. | Supplemental |
| Inform customers about issues related to responsible use and disposal of products, such as waste reduction or product or byproduct recycling or disposal. | Supplemental |
| Present information to customers about the energy efficiency or environmental impact of scientific or technical products. | Supplemental |
| Sell technical and scientific products that are environmentally sound or designed for environmental remediation. | Supplemental |
| Sell service contracts for technical or scientific products. | Supplemental |
| Demonstrate the operation or use of technical or scientific products. | Supplemental |
| Initiate sales campaigns to meet sales and production expectations. | Supplemental |
| Verify accuracy of materials lists. | Supplemental |
| Verify customer credit ratings. | Supplemental |
0.01/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Stock or distribute resources, such as samples or promotional or educational materials. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Demonstrate the operation or use of technical or scientific products. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 41-4011 group (Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 292K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 296K
- Change (2025–35)
- +1.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $104,920
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28431 | 자동차 부품 기술 영업원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28432 | 전자 및 통신장비 기술 영업원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28433 | 의료장비 기술 영업원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28434 | 농업용 기계장비 기술 영업원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28436 | 의약품 영업원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 28420 | 해외 영업원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 28490 | 그 외 기술 영업 및 중개 관련 종사원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2433Technical and Medical Sales Professionals (excluding ICT)
- ISCO-08 2434Information and Communications Technology Sales Professionals
- ISCO-08 3322Commercial Sales Representatives
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- technical sales representativeESCO 2433.6Same scope
Technical sales representatives act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- client relations managerESCO 2431.6This occupation is narrower
Client relations managers act as the middle person between a company and its customers. They ensure that the customers are satisfied by providing them with guidance and explanation on their accounts and services received by the company. They also have possible other tasks such as developing plans or delivering proposals.
- ICT account managerESCO 2434.1This occupation is broader
ICT account managers build business relationships with customers to facilitate the sale of hardware, software, telecommunications or ICT services. They also identify opportunities and manage sourcing and delivery of products to customers. They achieve sales targets and maintain profitability.
- medical sales representativeESCO 2433.2This occupation is broader
Medical sales representatives promote and sell medical devices, equipment and pharmaceutical products to healthcare professionals. They provide product information and demonstrate features to healthcare professionals. Medical representatives negotiate and close sales contracts.
- technical sales representative in agricultural machinery and equipmentESCO 2433.6.1This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in agricultural machinery and equipment act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in chemical productsESCO 2433.6.2This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in chemical products act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in electronic and telecommunications equipmentESCO 2434.4This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in electronic and telecommunications equipment act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in hardware, plumbing and heating equipmentESCO 2433.6.3This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in hardware, plumbing and heating equipment act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in machinery and industrial equipmentESCO 2433.6.4This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in machinery and industrial equipment act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in mining and construction machineryESCO 2433.6.5This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in mining and construction machinery act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in office machinery and equipmentESCO 2433.6.6This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in office machinery and equipment act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
- technical sales representative in the textile machinery industryESCO 2433.6.7This occupation is broader
Technical sales representatives in the textile machinery industry act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.
+11 more
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| D1412 | Délégué médical hospitalier / Déléguée médicale hospitalière | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| D1413 | Délégué / Déléguée pharmaceutique | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1714 | Chargé / Chargée de l'information promotionnelle du médicament en industrie pharmaceutique | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| D1407 | Technico-commercial / Technico-commerciale | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| D1420 | Cadre Technico-commercial / CadreTechnico-commerciale | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| D1441 | Technico-commercial / Technico-commerciale de l'industrie et des services nautiques | Related, not a match |
| J1106 | Responsable médical / Responsable médicale en région (RMR-MSL) en industrie pharmaceutique | Related, not a match |
| D1405 | Conseiller / Conseillère en information médicale | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| D1433 | Commercial / Commerciale export | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2640 | Profesionales de ventas técnicas y médicas (excepto las TIC) | Same scope |
| 2653 | Profesionales de la venta de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones | This occupation is broader |
| 3510 | Agentes y representantes comerciales | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81883 | Berufe in der Pharmazie (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 43232 | Berufe im IT-Vertrieb - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 43233 | Berufe im IT-Vertrieb - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 61123 | Berufe im Vertrieb (außer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 61124 | Berufe im Vertrieb (außer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 342 | 化学品営業職業従事者 | This occupation is broader |
| 343 | 医薬品営業職業従事者 | This occupation is broader |
| 344 | 機械器具営業職業従事者（通信機械器具を除く） | Overlapping, not the same |
| 345 | 通信・システム営業職業従事者 | Overlapping, not the same |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources