First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-1011.00
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.186
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.43
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only29 rated tasks · 26 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (89.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Compute figures such as balances, totals, or commissions.43-1011.00 | 0.180048.6 | 0.030015.8 |
Research, compile, and prepare reports, manuals, correspondence, or other information required by management or governmental agencies.43-1011.00 | 0.120032.4 | 0.070036.8 |
Analyze financial activities of establishments or departments and provide input into budget planning and preparation processes.43-1011.00 | 0.03008.1 | 0.050026.3 |
Resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions regarding policies and procedures.43-1011.00 | 0.03008.1 | 0.030015.8 |
Develop or update procedures, policies, or standards.43-1011.00 | 0.01002.7 | —0 |
Review records or reports pertaining to activities such as production, payroll, or shipping to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance.43-1011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.01005.3 |
Interpret and communicate work procedures and company policies to staff.43-1011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Coordinate activities with other supervisory personnel or with other work units or departments.43-1011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Make recommendations to management concerning such issues as staffing decisions or procedural changes.43-1011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Maintain records pertaining to inventory, personnel, orders, supplies, or machine maintenance.43-1011.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Plan layouts of stockrooms, warehouses, or other storage areas, considering turnover, size, weight, or related factors pertaining to items stored.43-1011.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Recruit, interview, and select employees. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 16 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure adherence to quality standards, deadlines, and proper procedures, correcting errors or problems. | —0 | —0 |
Provide employees with guidance in handling difficult or complex problems or in resolving escalated complaints or disputes. | —0 | —0 |
Implement corporate or departmental policies, procedures, and service standards in conjunction with management. | —0 | —0 |
Discuss job performance problems with employees to identify causes and issues and to work on resolving problems. | —0 | —0 |
Train or instruct employees in job duties or company policies or arrange for training to be provided. | —0 | —0 |
Evaluate employees' job performance and conformance to regulations and recommend appropriate personnel action. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare and issue work schedules, deadlines, and duty assignments for office or administrative staff. | —0 | —0 |
Consult with managers or other personnel to resolve problems in areas such as equipment performance, output quality, or work schedules. | —0 | —0 |
Participate in the work of subordinates to facilitate productivity or to overcome difficult aspects of work. | —0 | —0 |
Design, implement, or evaluate staff training and development programs, customer service initiatives, or performance measurement criteria. | —0 | —0 |
Develop work schedules according to budgets and workloads. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor inventory levels and requisition or purchase supplies as needed. | —0 | —0 |
Plan for or coordinate office services, such as equipment or supply acquisition or organization, disposal of assets, relocation, parking, maintenance, or security services. | —0 | —0 |
Arrange for necessary maintenance or repair work. | —0 | —0 |
Keep informed of provisions of labor-management agreements and their effects on departmental operations. | —0 | —0 |
Coordinate or perform activities associated with shipping, receiving, distribution, or transportation. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Interpret and communicate work procedures and company policies to staff.O*NET Task ID 9712 | 1.0 |
Compute figures such as balances, totals, or commissions.O*NET Task ID 9715 | 1.0 |
Resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions regarding policies and procedures.O*NET Task ID 9703 | 0.5 |
Supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure adherence to quality standards, deadlines, and proper procedures, correcting errors or problems.O*NET Task ID 9704 | 0.5 |
Provide employees with guidance in handling difficult or complex problems or in resolving escalated complaints or disputes.O*NET Task ID 9705 | 0.5 |
Implement corporate or departmental policies, procedures, and service standards in conjunction with management.O*NET Task ID 9706 | 0.5 |
Train or instruct employees in job duties or company policies or arrange for training to be provided.O*NET Task ID 9708 | 0.5 |
Evaluate employees' job performance and conformance to regulations and recommend appropriate personnel action.O*NET Task ID 9709 | 0.5 |
Review records or reports pertaining to activities such as production, payroll, or shipping to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance.O*NET Task ID 9710 | 0.5 |
Recruit, interview, and select employees.O*NET Task ID 9711 | 0.5 |
Prepare and issue work schedules, deadlines, and duty assignments for office or administrative staff.O*NET Task ID 9713 | 0.5 |
Maintain records pertaining to inventory, personnel, orders, supplies, or machine maintenance.O*NET Task ID 9714 | 0.5 |
Research, compile, and prepare reports, manuals, correspondence, or other information required by management or governmental agencies.O*NET Task ID 9716 | 0.5 |
Coordinate activities with other supervisory personnel or with other work units or departments.O*NET Task ID 9717 | 0.5 |
Analyze financial activities of establishments or departments and provide input into budget planning and preparation processes.O*NET Task ID 9718 | 0.5 |
Develop or update procedures, policies, or standards.O*NET Task ID 9719 | 0.5 |
Make recommendations to management concerning such issues as staffing decisions or procedural changes.O*NET Task ID 9720 | 0.5 |
Consult with managers or other personnel to resolve problems in areas such as equipment performance, output quality, or work schedules.O*NET Task ID 9721 | 0.5 |
Design, implement, or evaluate staff training and development programs, customer service initiatives, or performance measurement criteria.O*NET Task ID 9723 | 0.5 |
Develop work schedules according to budgets and workloads.O*NET Task ID 9724 | 0.5 |
Monitor inventory levels and requisition or purchase supplies as needed.O*NET Task ID 9725 | 0.5 |
Plan for or coordinate office services, such as equipment or supply acquisition or organization, disposal of assets, relocation, parking, maintenance, or security services.O*NET Task ID 9727 | 0.5 |
Arrange for necessary maintenance or repair work.O*NET Task ID 9728 | 0.5 |
Keep informed of provisions of labor-management agreements and their effects on departmental operations.O*NET Task ID 9729 | 0.5 |
Coordinate or perform activities associated with shipping, receiving, distribution, or transportation.O*NET Task ID 9730 | 0.5 |
Plan layouts of stockrooms, warehouses, or other storage areas, considering turnover, size, weight, or related factors pertaining to items stored.O*NET Task ID 9731 | 0.5 |
Discuss job performance problems with employees to identify causes and issues and to work on resolving problems.O*NET Task ID 9707 | 0.0 |
Participate in the work of subordinates to facilitate productivity or to overcome difficult aspects of work.O*NET Task ID 9722 | 0.0 |
Discuss work problems or grievances with union representatives.O*NET Task ID 9726 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (28)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions regarding policies and procedures. | Core |
| Supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure adherence to quality standards, deadlines, and proper procedures, correcting errors or problems. | Core |
| Provide employees with guidance in handling difficult or complex problems or in resolving escalated complaints or disputes. | Core |
| Implement corporate or departmental policies, procedures, and service standards in conjunction with management. | Core |
| Discuss job performance problems with employees to identify causes and issues and to work on resolving problems. | Core |
| Train or instruct employees in job duties or company policies or arrange for training to be provided. | Core |
| Evaluate employees' job performance and conformance to regulations and recommend appropriate personnel action. | Core |
| Review records or reports pertaining to activities such as production, payroll, or shipping to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance. | Core |
| Recruit, interview, and select employees. | Core |
| Interpret and communicate work procedures and company policies to staff. | Core |
| Prepare and issue work schedules, deadlines, and duty assignments for office or administrative staff. | Core |
| Maintain records pertaining to inventory, personnel, orders, supplies, or machine maintenance. | Core |
| Compute figures such as balances, totals, or commissions. | Core |
| Research, compile, and prepare reports, manuals, correspondence, or other information required by management or governmental agencies. | Core |
| Coordinate activities with other supervisory personnel or with other work units or departments. | Core |
| Develop or update procedures, policies, or standards. | Core |
| Make recommendations to management concerning such issues as staffing decisions or procedural changes. | Core |
| Consult with managers or other personnel to resolve problems in areas such as equipment performance, output quality, or work schedules. | Core |
| Participate in the work of subordinates to facilitate productivity or to overcome difficult aspects of work. | Core |
| Analyze financial activities of establishments or departments and provide input into budget planning and preparation processes. | Supplemental |
| Design, implement, or evaluate staff training and development programs, customer service initiatives, or performance measurement criteria. | Supplemental |
| Develop work schedules according to budgets and workloads. | Supplemental |
| Monitor inventory levels and requisition or purchase supplies as needed. | Supplemental |
| Plan for or coordinate office services, such as equipment or supply acquisition or organization, disposal of assets, relocation, parking, maintenance, or security services. | Supplemental |
| Arrange for necessary maintenance or repair work. | Supplemental |
| Keep informed of provisions of labor-management agreements and their effects on departmental operations. | Supplemental |
| Coordinate or perform activities associated with shipping, receiving, distribution, or transportation. | Supplemental |
| Plan layouts of stockrooms, warehouses, or other storage areas, considering turnover, size, weight, or related factors pertaining to items stored. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 1.5M
- Projected employment, 2035
- 1.5M
- Change (2025–35)
- +0.1%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $69,500
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37101 | 총무 사무원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3341Office Supervisors
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Office supervisors supervise and coordinate the activities of workers in Major Group 4: Clerical Support Workers.
Tasks
- (a) coordinating, assigning and reviewing the work of clerks engaged in the following duties: word processing, record keeping and filing, operating telephones and switchboards; data entry, desktop publishing and other activities involving general office and administrative skills;
- (b) establishing work schedules and procedures and co-coordinating activities with other work units or departments;
- (c) resolving work-related problems and preparing and submitting progress and other reports;
- (d) training and instructing employees in job duties, safety procedures and company policies, or arranging for training to be provided;
- (e) evaluating employees’ job performance and conformity with regulations, and recommending appropriate personnel action;
- (f) assisting in recruitment, interviewing and selection of employees.
Example occupations
Clerical supervisor · Data entry supervisor · Filing clerks supervisor · Personnel clerks supervisor
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- office managerESCO 3341.8Same scope
\ Office managers oversee the administrative work that clerical workers are commissioned to perform in various types of organisations or associations. They perform micromanagement and maintain a close view of administrative processes such as such as controlling correspondence, designing filing systems, reviewing and approving supply requisitions, assigning and monitoring clerical functions. They report to managers within the same department or to general managers in companies, depending on their size.
- call centre analystESCO 3341.1This occupation is broader
Call centre analysts examine data regarding incoming or outgoing customer calls. They prepare reports and visualisation.
- call centre supervisorESCO 3341.4This occupation is broader
Call centre supervisors oversee call centre employees, manage projects and understand technical aspects of the call centre activities.
- contact centre supervisorESCO 3341.5This occupation is broader
Contact centre supervisors oversee and coordinate the activities of contact centre employees. They ensure that daily operations run smoothly through resolving issues, instructing and training employees and supervising tasks.
- business service managerESCO 1219.1Overlapping, not the same
Business service managers are reponsible for the provision of professional services to companies. They organise the provision of services tailored to the needs of the client and liaise with clients to agree on the contractual obligations for both parties.
- call centre managerESCO 3341.2Overlapping, not the same
Call centre managers set the objectives of the service per month, week, and day. They perform micromanagement of the results obtained in the centre in order to proactively react with plans, trainings, or motivational plans depending on the problems faced by the service. They strive for achievement of KPIs such as minimum operating time, sales per day, and compliance with quality parameters.
- contact centre managerESCO 1439.2Overlapping, not the same
Contact centre managers coordinate and plan the daily operations of contact centres. They ensure that customer inquiries are satisfied efficiently and according to policies. They manage employees, resources and procedures to improve best practices and achieve high levels of customer satisfaction.
- data entry supervisorESCO 3341.6Overlapping, not the same
Data entry supervisors manage the day-to-day operations of data entry staff. They organise the workflow and tasks.
- medical practice managerESCO 3344.3Overlapping, not the same
Medical practice managers manage the day-to-day operations of a medical practice. They oversee the staff and business side of the practice.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| D1428 | Superviseur / Superviseuse technique et logistique en assistance de régulation médicale | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| D1435 | Responsable de plateau de centre d'appels | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1432 | Office manager | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| C1123 | Chef / Cheffe de service de la sécurité sociale | Related, not a match |
| M1506 | Manager de proximité | Related, not a match |
| M1701 | Responsable de l'administration des ventes | Related, not a match |
| I1406 | Superviseur / Superviseuse hot line en informatique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1704 | Responsable service clients | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3611 | Supervisores de secretaría | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 71493 | Aufsichtskräfte - Büro und Sekretariat | This occupation is broader |
| 73293 | Aufsichtskräfte - Verwaltung | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 71393 | Aufsichtskräfte - Unternehmensorganisation und -strategie | Related, not a match |
| 92123 | Berufe im Dialogmarketing - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 257 | 総合事務員 | Related, not a match |
| 263 | 経理事務員 | Related, not a match |
| 251 | 庶務事務員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources