Bill and Account Collectors
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-3011.00
Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visit to solicit payment. Duties include receiving payment and posting amount to customer's account, preparing statements to credit department if customer fails to respond, initiating repossession proceedings or service disconnection, and keeping records of collection and status of accounts.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.299
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.43
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 12 hidden tasks15 rated tasks · 15 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Advise customers of necessary actions and strategies for debt repayment.43-3011.00 | 0.006456.4 | 0.003518.8 |
Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visits to solicit payment.43-3011.00 | 0.003127.3 | 0.011059.1 |
Arrange for debt repayment or establish repayment schedules, based on customers' financial situations.43-3011.00 | 0.001916.4 | 0.004122.2 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Receive payments and post amounts paid to customer accounts.O*NET Task ID 2472 | 1.0 |
Record information about financial status of customers and status of collection efforts.O*NET Task ID 2474 | 1.0 |
Advise customers of necessary actions and strategies for debt repayment.O*NET Task ID 2477 | 1.0 |
Sort and file correspondence and perform miscellaneous clerical duties, such as answering correspondence and writing reports.O*NET Task ID 2479 | 1.0 |
Perform various administrative functions for assigned accounts, such as recording address changes and purging the records of deceased customers.O*NET Task ID 2480 | 1.0 |
Contact insurance companies to check on status of claims payments and write appeal letters for denial on claims.O*NET Task ID 18560 | 1.0 |
Locate and monitor overdue accounts, using computers and a variety of automated systems.O*NET Task ID 2473 | 0.5 |
Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visits to solicit payment.O*NET Task ID 2475 | 0.5 |
Confer with customers by telephone or in person to determine reasons for overdue payments and to review the terms of sales, service, or credit contracts.O*NET Task ID 2476 | 0.5 |
Persuade customers to pay amounts due on credit accounts, damage claims, or nonpayable checks, or to return merchandise.O*NET Task ID 2478 | 0.5 |
Arrange for debt repayment or establish repayment schedules, based on customers' financial situations.O*NET Task ID 2481 | 0.5 |
Negotiate credit extensions when necessary.O*NET Task ID 2482 | 0.5 |
Trace delinquent customers to new addresses by inquiring at post offices, telephone companies, credit bureaus, or through the questioning of neighbors.O*NET Task ID 2483 | 0.5 |
Notify credit departments, order merchandise repossession or service disconnection, and turn over account records to attorneys when customers fail to respond to collection attempts.O*NET Task ID 2484 | 0.5 |
Answer customer questions regarding problems with their accounts.O*NET Task ID 18559 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (15)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Receive payments and post amounts paid to customer accounts. | Core |
| Locate and monitor overdue accounts, using computers and a variety of automated systems. | Core |
| Record information about financial status of customers and status of collection efforts. | Core |
| Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visits to solicit payment. | Core |
| Confer with customers by telephone or in person to determine reasons for overdue payments and to review the terms of sales, service, or credit contracts. | Core |
| Advise customers of necessary actions and strategies for debt repayment. | Core |
| Persuade customers to pay amounts due on credit accounts, damage claims, or nonpayable checks, or to return merchandise. | Core |
| Sort and file correspondence and perform miscellaneous clerical duties, such as answering correspondence and writing reports. | Core |
| Perform various administrative functions for assigned accounts, such as recording address changes and purging the records of deceased customers. | Core |
| Arrange for debt repayment or establish repayment schedules, based on customers' financial situations. | Core |
| Trace delinquent customers to new addresses by inquiring at post offices, telephone companies, credit bureaus, or through the questioning of neighbors. | Core |
| Notify credit departments, order merchandise repossession or service disconnection, and turn over account records to attorneys when customers fail to respond to collection attempts. | Core |
| Answer customer questions regarding problems with their accounts. | Core |
| Negotiate credit extensions when necessary. | Supplemental |
| Contact insurance companies to check on status of claims payments and write appeal letters for denial on claims. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 160K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 143K
- Change (2025–35)
- -10.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $47,030
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34051 | 수금원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 34052 | 신용 추심원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4214Debt Collectors and Related Workers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Debt collectors and related workers collect payments on overdue accounts and bad cheques and collect charity payments.
Tasks
- (a) tracing and locating debtors;
- (b) telephoning, visiting, or writing to customers to collect money or arrange for later payments;
- (c) preparing reports including amounts collected, and maintain records and files related to collection work;
- (d) recommending legal action or discontinuation of service when payment cannot be otherwise obtained;
- (e) asking for and collecting charity payments.
Example occupations
Bill and account collector · Charity collector · Debt collector
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- debt collectorESCO 4214.1Same scope
Debt collectors compile debt owned to the organisation or third parties, mostly in cases when the debt is past its due date.
- billing clerkESCO 4311.1Overlapping, not the same
Billing clerks create invoices and credit memos, issuing them to customers by all necessary means, and updating customer files. They issue invoices to customers and monthly customer statements, update customer files, process credit memos, enter and submit invoices, etc.
- collection managerESCO 2621.3Overlapping, not the same
Collection managers ensure the care and preservation of objects within cultural institutions, like museums, libraries, and archives. Collection managers, along with exhibition curators, and conservators, play a very important role in collections care. They can be found in most large museums.
- credit analystESCO 3312.2.1Overlapping, not the same
Credit analysts investigate credit applications from customers and evaluate if the applications comply with regulations and guidelines of the financial loan-granting institution. On the basis of credit analyses they advise financial institutions whether customers are loan worthy. They perform tasks such as collecting data on the loan applicant, aquire additional information from other departments or institutions and indicating what sort of agreements the financial institution should reach with the credit applicant. Credit analysts also follow up on the development of the credit portfolio of clients.
- insurance collectorESCO 4214.2Overlapping, not the same
Insurance collectors collect payment for an overdue insurance bill. They specialise in all areas of insurance such as medical, life, car, travel, etc and recurrently contact individuals to offer payment assistance or to facilitate payment plans according to individual's financial situation.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| D1422 | Chargé / Chargée de recouvrement de créances | Same scopeprovisional |
| C1507 | Chargé / Chargée de recouvrement immobilier | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1908 | Responsable de service contentieux et recouvrement | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1611 | Secrétaire Facturier / Facturière | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 4445 | Cobradores de facturas, deudas y empleados afines | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 53162 | Inkassobeauftragte - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 72213 | Berufe in der Buchhaltung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 53232 | Berufe im Gerichtsvollzug - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 291 | 集金人 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 256 | 電話応接事務員 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources