- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-4071.00
File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.157
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.37
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 2 hidden tasks19 rated tasks · 17 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (89.5%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Add new material to file records or create new records as necessary.O*NET Task ID 2593 | 1.0 |
Track materials removed from files to ensure that borrowed files are returned.O*NET Task ID 2595 | 1.0 |
Gather materials to be filed from departments or employees.O*NET Task ID 2596 | 1.0 |
Sort or classify information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order.O*NET Task ID 2597 | 1.0 |
Assign and record or stamp identification numbers or codes to index materials for filing.O*NET Task ID 2601 | 1.0 |
Answer questions about records or files.O*NET Task ID 2602 | 1.0 |
Modify or improve filing systems or implement new filing systems.O*NET Task ID 2603 | 1.0 |
Eliminate outdated or unnecessary materials, destroying them or transferring them to inactive storage, according to file maintenance guidelines or legal requirements.O*NET Task ID 2605 | 1.0 |
Design forms related to filing systems.O*NET Task ID 2608 | 1.0 |
Input data, such as file numbers, new or updated information, or document information codes into computer systems to support document and information retrieval.O*NET Task ID 20627 | 1.0 |
Perform general office activities, such as typing, answering telephones, operating office machines, processing mail, or securing confidential materials.O*NET Task ID 20628 | 1.0 |
Keep records of materials filed or removed, using logbooks or computers and generate computerized reports.O*NET Task ID 20629 | 1.0 |
Scan or read incoming materials to determine how and where they should be classified or filed.O*NET Task ID 2599 | 0.5 |
Perform periodic inspections of materials or files to ensure correct placement, legibility, or proper condition.O*NET Task ID 2604 | 0.5 |
Retrieve documents stored in microfilm or microfiche and place them in viewers for reading.O*NET Task ID 2609 | 0.5 |
Find, retrieve, and make copies of information from files in response to requests and deliver information to authorized users.O*NET Task ID 20630 | 0.5 |
Complete general financial activities, such as processing accounts payable, reviewing invoices, collecting cash payments, or issuing receipts.O*NET Task ID 20631 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (19)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Add new material to file records or create new records as necessary. | Core |
| Gather materials to be filed from departments or employees. | Core |
| Sort or classify information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order. | Core |
| Scan or read incoming materials to determine how and where they should be classified or filed. | Core |
| Place materials into storage receptacles, such as file cabinets, boxes, bins, or drawers, according to classification and identification information. | Core |
| Assign and record or stamp identification numbers or codes to index materials for filing. | Core |
| Answer questions about records or files. | Core |
| Modify or improve filing systems or implement new filing systems. | Core |
| Eliminate outdated or unnecessary materials, destroying them or transferring them to inactive storage, according to file maintenance guidelines or legal requirements. | Core |
| Perform general office activities, such as typing, answering telephones, operating office machines, processing mail, or securing confidential materials. | Core |
| Keep records of materials filed or removed, using logbooks or computers and generate computerized reports. | Core |
| Find, retrieve, and make copies of information from files in response to requests and deliver information to authorized users. | Core |
| Track materials removed from files to ensure that borrowed files are returned. | Supplemental |
| Perform periodic inspections of materials or files to ensure correct placement, legibility, or proper condition. | Supplemental |
| Operate mechanized files that rotate to bring needed records to a particular location. | Supplemental |
| Design forms related to filing systems. | Supplemental |
| Retrieve documents stored in microfilm or microfiche and place them in viewers for reading. | Supplemental |
| Input data, such as file numbers, new or updated information, or document information codes into computer systems to support document and information retrieval. | Supplemental |
| Complete general financial activities, such as processing accounts payable, reviewing invoices, collecting cash payments, or issuing receipts. | Supplemental |
0.64/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Add new material to file records or create new records as necessary. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Track materials removed from files to ensure that borrowed files are returned. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Gather materials to be filed from departments or employees. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Sort or classify information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Place materials into storage receptacles, such as file cabinets, boxes, bins, or drawers, according to classification and identification information. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Modify or improve filing systems or implement new filing systems. | E0 none |
| Perform periodic inspections of materials or files to ensure correct placement, legibility, or proper condition. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Eliminate outdated or unnecessary materials, destroying them or transferring them to inactive storage, according to file maintenance guidelines or legal requirements. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform general office activities, such as typing, answering telephones, operating office machines, processing mail, or securing confidential materials. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Find, retrieve, and make copies of information from files in response to requests and deliver information to authorized users. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assign and record or stamp identification numbers or codes to index materials for filing. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Operate mechanized files that rotate to bring needed records to a particular location. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Retrieve documents stored in microfilm or microfiche and place them in viewers for reading. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 76K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 64K
- Change (2025–35)
- -15.8%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $43,600
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37299 | 그 외 사무 지원 종사원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4415Filing and Copying Clerks
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Filing and copying clerks file correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. They locate and remove material from file when requested and photocopy, scan or fax documents.
Tasks
- (a) sorting or classifying materials according to guidelines such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order;
- (b) filing material in drawers, cabinets and storage boxes;
- (c) locating and remove materials from files when requested;
- (d) keeping records of materials filed and removed;
- (e) photocopying, scanning or faxing documents.
Example occupations
Copying clerk · Filing clerk
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- file clerkESCO 4415.1Same scope
File clerks are in charge of maintaining records of a company and managing forms and information. They organise and retrieve documents when necessary and ensure an efficient working system.
- medical records clerkESCO 3252.1This occupation is broader
Medical records clerks organise, keep up-to-date and archive patients` records for medical staff availability. They transfer medical information from a patient’s paper records to an electronic template.
- archivistESCO 2621.1Overlapping, not the same
Archivists assess, collect, organise, preserve and provide access to records and archives. Records maintained are in any format, analogue or digital and include several kinds of media (documents, photographs, video and sound recordings, etc.).
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| M1607 | Assistant administratif / Assistante administrative | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| K1601 | Documentaliste | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K1613 | Archiviste | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 4210 | Empleados de bibliotecas y archivos | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 73312 | Berufe im Archivwesen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 71401 | Büro- und Sekretariatskräfte (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 259 | その他の一般事務従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 251 | 庶務事務員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources