Order Clerks
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-4151.00
Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise, classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt, prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling complaints.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.075
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.63
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only19 rated tasks · 19 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Receive and respond to customer complaints.43-4151.00 | 0.020066.7 | 0.140087.5 |
Recommend merchandise or services that will meet customers' needs.43-4151.00 | 0.010033.3 | 0.00000.0 |
Inform customers by mail or telephone of order information, such as unit prices, shipping dates, and any anticipated delays.43-4151.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.020012.5 |
Check inventory records to determine availability of requested merchandise.43-4151.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Prepare invoices, shipping documents, and contracts.43-4151.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Calculate and compile order-related statistics, and prepare reports for management.43-4151.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Obtain customers' names, addresses, and billing information, product numbers, and specifications of items to be purchased, and enter this information on order forms. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
Attempt to sell additional merchandise or services to prospective or current customers by telephone or through visits. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 11 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Verify customer and order information for correctness, checking it against previously obtained information as necessary. | —0 | —0 |
Review orders for completeness according to reporting procedures and forward incomplete orders for further processing. | —0 | —0 |
File copies of orders received, or post orders on records. | —0 | —0 |
Compute total charges for merchandise or services and shipping charges. | —0 | —0 |
Inspect outgoing work for compliance with customers' specifications. | —0 | —0 |
Notify departments when supplies of specific items are low, or when orders would deplete available supplies. | —0 | —0 |
Direct specified departments or units to prepare and ship orders to designated locations. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with production, sales, shipping, warehouse, or common carrier personnel to expedite or trace shipments. | —0 | —0 |
Adjust inventory records to reflect product movement. | —0 | —0 |
Collect payment for merchandise, record transactions, and send items, such as checks or money orders for further processing. | —0 | —0 |
Recommend type of packing or labeling needed on order. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Obtain customers' names, addresses, and billing information, product numbers, and specifications of items to be purchased, and enter this information on order forms.O*NET Task ID 2668 | 1.0 |
Prepare invoices, shipping documents, and contracts.O*NET Task ID 2669 | 1.0 |
Inform customers by mail or telephone of order information, such as unit prices, shipping dates, and any anticipated delays.O*NET Task ID 2670 | 1.0 |
Verify customer and order information for correctness, checking it against previously obtained information as necessary.O*NET Task ID 2672 | 1.0 |
Review orders for completeness according to reporting procedures and forward incomplete orders for further processing.O*NET Task ID 2675 | 1.0 |
File copies of orders received, or post orders on records.O*NET Task ID 2677 | 1.0 |
Compute total charges for merchandise or services and shipping charges.O*NET Task ID 2678 | 1.0 |
Recommend type of packing or labeling needed on order.O*NET Task ID 2685 | 1.0 |
Receive and respond to customer complaints.O*NET Task ID 2671 | 0.5 |
Direct specified departments or units to prepare and ship orders to designated locations.O*NET Task ID 2673 | 0.5 |
Check inventory records to determine availability of requested merchandise.O*NET Task ID 2674 | 0.5 |
Attempt to sell additional merchandise or services to prospective or current customers by telephone or through visits.O*NET Task ID 2676 | 0.5 |
Confer with production, sales, shipping, warehouse, or common carrier personnel to expedite or trace shipments.O*NET Task ID 2679 | 0.5 |
Recommend merchandise or services that will meet customers' needs.O*NET Task ID 2680 | 0.5 |
Adjust inventory records to reflect product movement.O*NET Task ID 2681 | 0.5 |
Collect payment for merchandise, record transactions, and send items, such as checks or money orders for further processing.O*NET Task ID 2682 | 0.5 |
Inspect outgoing work for compliance with customers' specifications.O*NET Task ID 2683 | 0.5 |
Notify departments when supplies of specific items are low, or when orders would deplete available supplies.O*NET Task ID 2684 | 0.5 |
Calculate and compile order-related statistics, and prepare reports for management.O*NET Task ID 2686 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (19)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Obtain customers' names, addresses, and billing information, product numbers, and specifications of items to be purchased, and enter this information on order forms. | Core |
| Inform customers by mail or telephone of order information, such as unit prices, shipping dates, and any anticipated delays. | Core |
| Receive and respond to customer complaints. | Core |
| Verify customer and order information for correctness, checking it against previously obtained information as necessary. | Core |
| Check inventory records to determine availability of requested merchandise. | Core |
| Review orders for completeness according to reporting procedures and forward incomplete orders for further processing. | Core |
| File copies of orders received, or post orders on records. | Core |
| Compute total charges for merchandise or services and shipping charges. | Core |
| Recommend merchandise or services that will meet customers' needs. | Core |
| Inspect outgoing work for compliance with customers' specifications. | Core |
| Notify departments when supplies of specific items are low, or when orders would deplete available supplies. | Core |
| Prepare invoices, shipping documents, and contracts. | Supplemental |
| Direct specified departments or units to prepare and ship orders to designated locations. | Supplemental |
| Attempt to sell additional merchandise or services to prospective or current customers by telephone or through visits. | Supplemental |
| Confer with production, sales, shipping, warehouse, or common carrier personnel to expedite or trace shipments. | Supplemental |
| Adjust inventory records to reflect product movement. | Supplemental |
| Collect payment for merchandise, record transactions, and send items, such as checks or money orders for further processing. | Supplemental |
| Recommend type of packing or labeling needed on order. | Supplemental |
| Calculate and compile order-related statistics, and prepare reports for management. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 79K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 65K
- Change (2025–35)
- -17.5%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $46,170
- Typical education needed for entry
- Some college, no degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31121 | 영업 관리 사무원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
| 31124 | 판매 사무원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 4419Clerical Support Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
This unit group covers clerical support workers not classified elsewhere in Major Group 4: Clerical Support Workers. For instance, the group includes, correspondence clerks, press clippers and publication clerks.
Tasks
- In such cases tasks would include -
- (a) receiving customers' orders for classified advertising, writing and editing copy, calculating advertising rates and billing customers;
- (b) writing business and government correspondence such as replies to requests for information and assistance, damage claims, credit and billing enquiries and service complaints;
- (c) assisting in the preparation of periodicals, advertisements, catalogues, directories and other material for publication;
- (d) reading newspapers, magazines, press releases and other publications to locate and file articles of interest to staff and clients.
Example occupations
Advertising clerk · Correspondence clerk · Directory compiler · Press clipper · Publication clerk
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- sales processorESCO 5223.5This occupation is broader
Sales processors handle sales, select channels of delivery, execute orders and inform clients about dispatching and procedures. They communicate with clients in order to address missing information and/or additional details.
- sales support assistantESCO 4311.2Overlapping, not the same
Sales support assistants perform a variety of general sales support tasks, such as supporting the development of sales plans, managing clerical activities of sales efforts, verifying client invoices and other accounting documents or records, compiling data, and preparing reports for other company departments.
- warehouse order pickerESCO 9333.8.1Overlapping, not the same
Warehouse order pickers prepare orders manually. They pick up orders and bring them to the delivery platform for processing, or in the trade sector to allow customers to pick them up. They are expected to complete orders for shipment, keeping in mind the quantity and type of goods specified and meeting quality criteria established by the company. They also assemble various types of merchandise for shipment and transport orders to shipping locations as specified by a supervisor. They typically stack bundled articles on pallet by hand, are responsible for wrapping articles on the pallet to secure them while moving, and for ensuring the integrity of the pallet.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| D1409 | Assistant / Assistante administration des ventes | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| D1429 | Assistant / Assistante import-export | Related, not a match |
| M1701 | Responsable de l'administration des ventes | Related, not a match |
| D1401 | Assistant commercial / Assistante commerciale | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| N1110 | Magasinier / Magasinière | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 4121 | Empleados de control de abastecimientos e inventario | Related, not a match |
| 4309 | Empleados administrativos sin tareas de atención al público no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 61122 | Berufe im Vertrieb (außer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 61212 | Kaufleute im Groß- und Außenhandel - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 281 | 営業・販売事務員 | Overlapping, not the same |
| 256 | 電話応接事務員 | Related, not a match |
| 259 | その他の一般事務従事者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources