Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 43-6011.00
Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.234
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.54
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 13 hidden tasks22 rated tasks · 20 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (90.9%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Prepare responses to correspondence containing routine inquiries.43-6011.00 | 0.119843.4 | 0.019619.1 |
Prepare invoices, reports, memos, letters, financial statements, and other documents, using word processing, spreadsheet, database, or presentation software.43-6011.00 | 0.060922.0 | 0.025224.6 |
Conduct research, compile data, and prepare papers for consideration and presentation by executives, committees, and boards of directors.43-6011.00 | 0.053519.4 | 0.033232.4 |
Review operating practices and procedures to determine whether improvements can be made in areas such as workflow, reporting procedures, or expenditures.43-6011.00 | 0.029510.7 | 0.00999.6 |
Make travel arrangements for executives.43-6011.00 | 0.00401.4 | 0.00828.0 |
Provide clerical support to other departments.43-6011.00 | 0.00391.4 | —0 |
Perform general office duties, such as ordering supplies, maintaining records management database systems, and performing basic bookkeeping work.43-6011.00 | 0.00240.9 | —0 |
Attend meetings to record minutes.43-6011.00 | 0.00230.8 | 0.00262.5 |
Open, sort, and distribute incoming correspondence, including faxes and email. | —0 | 0.00383.7 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare invoices, reports, memos, letters, financial statements, and other documents, using word processing, spreadsheet, database, or presentation software.O*NET Task ID 2771 | 1.0 |
Read and analyze incoming memos, submissions, and reports to determine their significance and plan their distribution.O*NET Task ID 2772 | 1.0 |
Open, sort, and distribute incoming correspondence, including faxes and email.O*NET Task ID 2773 | 1.0 |
Prepare responses to correspondence containing routine inquiries.O*NET Task ID 2776 | 1.0 |
Compile, transcribe, and distribute minutes of meetings.O*NET Task ID 2781 | 1.0 |
Attend meetings to record minutes.O*NET Task ID 2782 | 1.0 |
Interpret administrative and operating policies and procedures for employees.O*NET Task ID 2788 | 1.0 |
Provide clerical support to other departments.O*NET Task ID 18577 | 1.0 |
Manage and maintain executives' schedules.O*NET Task ID 2770 | 0.5 |
File and retrieve corporate documents, records, and reports.O*NET Task ID 2774 | 0.5 |
Make travel arrangements for executives.O*NET Task ID 2779 | 0.5 |
Conduct research, compile data, and prepare papers for consideration and presentation by executives, committees, and boards of directors.O*NET Task ID 2780 | 0.5 |
Set up and oversee administrative policies and procedures for offices or organizations.O*NET Task ID 2785 | 0.5 |
Review operating practices and procedures to determine whether improvements can be made in areas such as workflow, reporting procedures, or expenditures.O*NET Task ID 2787 | 0.5 |
Answer phone calls and direct calls to appropriate parties or take messages.O*NET Task ID 18573 | 0.5 |
Perform general office duties, such as ordering supplies, maintaining records management database systems, and performing basic bookkeeping work.O*NET Task ID 18574 | 0.5 |
Prepare agendas and make arrangements, such as coordinating catering for luncheons, for committee, board, and other meetings.O*NET Task ID 18575 | 0.5 |
Coordinate and direct office services, such as records, departmental finances, budget preparation, personnel issues, and housekeeping, to aid executives.O*NET Task ID 18576 | 0.5 |
Process payroll information.O*NET Task ID 18578 | 0.5 |
Supervise and train other clerical staff and arrange for employee training by scheduling training or organizing training material.O*NET Task ID 18579 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (22)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Manage and maintain executives' schedules. | Core |
| Prepare invoices, reports, memos, letters, financial statements, and other documents, using word processing, spreadsheet, database, or presentation software. | Core |
| Read and analyze incoming memos, submissions, and reports to determine their significance and plan their distribution. | Core |
| Open, sort, and distribute incoming correspondence, including faxes and email. | Core |
| File and retrieve corporate documents, records, and reports. | Core |
| Greet visitors and determine whether they should be given access to specific individuals. | Core |
| Prepare responses to correspondence containing routine inquiries. | Core |
| Make travel arrangements for executives. | Core |
| Conduct research, compile data, and prepare papers for consideration and presentation by executives, committees, and boards of directors. | Core |
| Attend meetings to record minutes. | Core |
| Answer phone calls and direct calls to appropriate parties or take messages. | Core |
| Perform general office duties, such as ordering supplies, maintaining records management database systems, and performing basic bookkeeping work. | Core |
| Prepare agendas and make arrangements, such as coordinating catering for luncheons, for committee, board, and other meetings. | Core |
| Coordinate and direct office services, such as records, departmental finances, budget preparation, personnel issues, and housekeeping, to aid executives. | Core |
| Provide clerical support to other departments. | Core |
| Compile, transcribe, and distribute minutes of meetings. | Supplemental |
| Meet with individuals, special interest groups, and others on behalf of executives, committees, and boards of directors. | Supplemental |
| Set up and oversee administrative policies and procedures for offices or organizations. | Supplemental |
| Review operating practices and procedures to determine whether improvements can be made in areas such as workflow, reporting procedures, or expenditures. | Supplemental |
| Interpret administrative and operating policies and procedures for employees. | Supplemental |
| Process payroll information. | Supplemental |
| Supervise and train other clerical staff and arrange for employee training by scheduling training or organizing training material. | Supplemental |
0.05/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Open, sort, and distribute incoming correspondence, including faxes and email. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 489K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 489K
- Change (2025–35)
- +0%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $76,590
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37211 | 관리 비서 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3343Administrative and Executive Secretaries
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Administrative and executive secretaries perform liaison, coordination and organizational tasks in support of managers and professionals and/or prepare correspondence, reports and records of proceedings and other specialized documentation.
Tasks
- (a) drafting administrative correspondence and minutes;
- (b) obtaining, proposing and monitoring deadlines and follow-up dates;
- (c) screening requests for meetings, and scheduling and organizing meetings and travel arrangements;
- (d) assisting in the preparation of budgets, monitoring of expenditures, drafting of contracts and purchasing or acquisition orders;
- (e) liaising with other staff about a range of matters relating to the organization’s operations;
- (f) writing and answering business or technical letters and other similar correspondence;
- (g) preparing verbatim reports of proceedings in legislative assemblies, courts of law or other places using shorthand or specialized office equipment.
- (h) supervising the work of clerical support workers.
Example occupations
Administrative secretary · Correspondence assistant · Court reporter · Executive assistant · Personal assistant
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- executive assistantESCO 3343.3Same scope
Executive assistants are advanced administrative professionals who work with top-level executives or in international facilities in various industries. They organise meetings, organise and maintain files, arrange travel, train staff members, communicate in other languages, and manage the day-to-day operations of the office.
- parliamentary assistantESCO 2422.9This occupation is broader
Parliamentary assistants provide support to officials and politicians of regional, national and international parliaments and undertake logistical tasks. They revise official documents and follow procedures set by the respective parliaments. They support on the communication with stakeholders and provide the logistical support required in handling official processes.
- administrative assistantESCO 3343.1Overlapping, not the same
Administrative assistants perform administrative and office support for supervisors. They perform a variety of tasks, such as answering telephone calls, receiving and directing visitors, ordering office supplies, maintaining the office facilities running smoothly, and ensuring that equipment and appliances work properly.
- legal administrative assistantESCO 3342.2Overlapping, not the same
Legal administrative assistants carry out the daily administrative activities of firms, offices of notaries public, and companies. They perform activities such as writing mails, phone-answering and typing/keyboarding. They combine these activities with specific knowledge and understanding of the procedures and codes managed in legal business affairs.
- management assistantESCO 3343.4Overlapping, not the same
Management assistants perform varied types of jobs, usually under general supervision. They carry out administrative tasks and support managers to ensure the entire department functions smoothly.
- secretaryESCO 4120.1Overlapping, not the same
Secretaries perform a variety of administrative tasks to help keep an organisation run smoothly. They answer telephone calls, draft and send e-mails, maintain diaries, arrange appointments, take messages, file documents, organise and service meetings, and manage databases.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| M1604 | Assistant / Assistante de direction | Same scopeprovisional |
| E1133 | Attaché parlementaire / Attachée parlementaire | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1432 | Office manager | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3613 | Asistentes de dirección y administrativos | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 71403 | Büro- und Sekretariatskräfte (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 71402 | Büro- und Sekretariatskräfte (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 94482 | Berufe in der Theater-, Film- und Fernsehproduktion (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 255 | 秘書 | Same scopeprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
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