Stonemasons

O*NET-SOC code: 47-2022.00

Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abutments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats, tanks, and floors.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.11
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

17 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines. O*NET Task ID 8766	0.0
Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools. O*NET Task ID 8767	0.0
Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level. O*NET Task ID 8768	0.0
Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation. O*NET Task ID 8769	0.0
Remove wedges, fill joints between stones, finish joints between stones, using a trowel, and smooth the mortar to an attractive finish, using a tuck pointer. O*NET Task ID 8770	0.0
Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern. O*NET Task ID 8771	0.0
Clean excess mortar or grout from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge, brush, water, or acid. O*NET Task ID 8772	0.0
Lay brick to build shells of chimneys and smokestacks or to line or reline industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations. O*NET Task ID 8773	0.0
Replace broken or missing masonry units in walls or floors. O*NET Task ID 8774	0.0
Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools. O*NET Task ID 8775	0.0
Drill holes in marble or ornamental stone and anchor brackets in holes. O*NET Task ID 8776	0.0
Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer. O*NET Task ID 8777	0.0
Remove sections of monument from truck bed, and guide stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane. O*NET Task ID 8778	0.0
Construct and install prefabricated masonry units. O*NET Task ID 8779	0.0
Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel. O*NET Task ID 8780	0.0
Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall. O*NET Task ID 8781	0.0
Line interiors of molds with treated paper and fill molds with composition-stone mixture. O*NET Task ID 8782	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (16)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines.	Core
Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools.	Core
Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level.	Core
Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation.	Core
Remove wedges, fill joints between stones, finish joints between stones, using a trowel, and smooth the mortar to an attractive finish, using a tuck pointer.	Core
Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern.	Core
Clean excess mortar or grout from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge, brush, water, or acid.	Core
Lay brick to build shells of chimneys and smokestacks or to line or reline industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations.	Core
Replace broken or missing masonry units in walls or floors.	Core
Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools.	Core
Drill holes in marble or ornamental stone and anchor brackets in holes.	Core
Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer.	Core
Remove sections of monument from truck bed, and guide stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane.	Core
Construct and install prefabricated masonry units.	Core
Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.	Core
Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall.	Supplemental

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

1.20/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines.	E2 structured facilities
Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level.	E2 structured facilities
Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Remove wedges, fill joints between stones, finish joints between stones, using a trowel, and smooth the mortar to an attractive finish, using a tuck pointer.	E0 none
Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern.	E2 structured facilities
Clean excess mortar or grout from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge, brush, water, or acid.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Lay brick to build shells of chimneys and smokestacks or to line or reline industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Replace broken or missing masonry units in walls or floors.	E0 none
Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Drill holes in marble or ornamental stone and anchor brackets in holes.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Remove sections of monument from truck bed, and guide stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Construct and install prefabricated masonry units.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Line interiors of molds with treated paper and fill molds with composition-stone mixture.	E1 purpose-built robot settings

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025: 9K
Projected employment, 2035: 9K
Change (2025–35): -5.4%
Median annual wage, 2025: $57,390
Typical education needed for entry: High school diploma or equivalent

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
78253	석재 부설원	Same scope	confirmed
78230	건축 석공	Overlapping, not the same	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 7113Stonemasons, Stone Cutters, Splitters and Carvers

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers cut and shape hard and soft stone blocks and slabs for the construction and maintenance of stone structures and monumental masonry, and carve designs and figures in stone.

Tasks

(a) driving wedges into quarried stone to break it into slabs or blocks;
(b) selecting and grading slabs and blocks of granite, marble, and other stone;
(c) cutting, shaping and finishing building and monumental stone such as granite or marble using hand tools or hand-held power tools;
(d) making patterns and marking shapes on stone for subsequent sawing, planing, drilling and other dressing and cutting operations;
(e) cutting and carving characters, figures or designs on stone blocks used for monuments or memorials;
(f) setting stone in the erection of monuments and memorials;
(g) repairing and replacing stonework on old buildings, churches and monuments.

Example occupations

Granite Cutter · Stone Carver · Stone Cutter · Stone polish (hand or hand-powered tools)

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

stonemasonESCO 7113.1Same scope
Stonemasons manually carve and assemble stone for construction purposes. While CNC operated carving equipment is the industry standard, artisanal carving for ornamental stone is still done manually.
bricklayerESCO 7112.1Overlapping, not the same
Bricklayers assemble brick walls and structures by skilfully laying the bricks in an established pattern, using a binding agent like cement to bond the bricks together. They then fill the joints with mortar or other suitable materials.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
F1703	Maçon / Maçonne	This occupation is narrowerprovisional
F1612	Tailleur / Tailleuse de pierre	Overlapping, not the sameprovisional
F1707	Maçon / Maçonne du paysage	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
7121	Albañiles	This occupation is narrowerprovisional
7122	Canteros, tronzadores, labrantes y grabadores de piedras	Related, not a match

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
21232	Berufe in der Steinmetztechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	This occupation is narrower
32122	Berufe im Maurerhandwerk - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	Related, not a match
21233	Berufe in der Steinmetztechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	Related, not a matchprovisional
32123	Berufe im Maurerhandwerk - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
532	窯業・土石製品製造従事者	This occupation is narrowerprovisional
662	ブロック積・タイル張従事者	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources