Carpenters
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 47-2031.00
Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.13
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 35 hidden tasks29 rated tasks · 7 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (24.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupations 47-2031.01 Construction Carpenters; 47-2031.02 Rough Carpenters, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.47-2031.01 | 0.012686.0 |
Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.47-2031.01 | 0.002114.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain records, document actions, and present written progress reports.O*NET Task ID 23438 | 1.0 |
Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.O*NET Task ID 23431 | 0.5 |
Select and order lumber or other required materials.O*NET Task ID 23436 | 0.5 |
Arrange for subcontractors to deal with special areas, such as heating or electrical wiring work.O*NET Task ID 23437 | 0.5 |
Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures.O*NET Task ID 23442 | 0.5 |
Maintain job records and schedule work crew.O*NET Task ID 23445 | 0.5 |
Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.O*NET Task ID 23454 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (29)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment. | Core |
| Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required. | Core |
| Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge. | Core |
| Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws. | Core |
| Install structures or fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, trim, or hardware, using carpenters' hand or power tools. | Core |
| Verify trueness of structure, using plumb bob and level. | Core |
| Select and order lumber or other required materials. | Core |
| Arrange for subcontractors to deal with special areas, such as heating or electrical wiring work. | Core |
| Maintain records, document actions, and present written progress reports. | Core |
| Build or repair cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, or other wooden fixtures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools. | Core |
| Erect scaffolding or ladders for assembling structures above ground level. | Core |
| Anchor and brace forms and other structures in place, using nails, bolts, anchor rods, steel cables, planks, wedges, and timbers. | Core |
| Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures. | Core |
| Assemble and fasten materials to make frameworks or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue. | Core |
| Bore boltholes in timber, masonry or concrete walls, using power drill. | Core |
| Maintain job records and schedule work crew. | Core |
| Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or replace, using hand tools. | Core |
| Install rough door and window frames, subflooring, fixtures, or temporary supports in structures undergoing construction or repair. | Core |
| Finish surfaces of woodwork or wallboard in houses or buildings, using paint, hand tools, or paneling. | Core |
| Examine structural timbers and supports to detect decay, and replace timbers as required, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts. | Core |
| Cover subfloors with building paper to keep out moisture and lay hardwood, parquet, or wood-strip-block floors by nailing floors to subfloor or cementing them to mastic or asphalt base. | Core |
| Fill cracks or other defects in plaster or plasterboard and sand patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding tool. | Core |
| Perform minor plumbing, welding, or concrete mixing work. | Core |
| Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers. | Core |
| Dig or direct digging of post holes and set poles to support structures. | Core |
| Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative paneling to ceilings or walls. | Supplemental |
| Construct forms or chutes for pouring concrete. | Supplemental |
| Build sleds from logs and timbers for use in hauling camp buildings and machinery through wooded areas. | Supplemental |
| Work with or remove hazardous material. | Supplemental |
0.70/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install structures or fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, trim, or hardware, using carpenters' hand or power tools. | E0 none |
| Verify trueness of structure, using plumb bob and level. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Erect scaffolding or ladders for assembling structures above ground level. | E0 none |
| Anchor and brace forms and other structures in place, using nails, bolts, anchor rods, steel cables, planks, wedges, and timbers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures. | E0 none |
| Assemble and fasten materials to make frameworks or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Bore boltholes in timber, masonry or concrete walls, using power drill. | E2 structured facilities |
| Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or replace, using hand tools. | E0 none |
| Install rough door and window frames, subflooring, fixtures, or temporary supports in structures undergoing construction or repair. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Dig or direct digging of post holes and set poles to support structures. | E0 none |
| Build or repair cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, or other wooden fixtures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Finish surfaces of woodwork or wallboard in houses or buildings, using paint, hand tools, or paneling. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Examine structural timbers and supports to detect decay, and replace timbers as required, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative paneling to ceilings or walls. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cover subfloors with building paper to keep out moisture and lay hardwood, parquet, or wood-strip-block floors by nailing floors to subfloor or cementing them to mastic or asphalt base. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fill cracks or other defects in plaster or plasterboard and sand patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding tool. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Perform minor plumbing, welding, or concrete mixing work. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Construct forms or chutes for pouring concrete. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Build sleds from logs and timbers for use in hauling camp buildings and machinery through wooded areas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Work with or remove hazardous material. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 890K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 925K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $60,580
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 78242 | 외장 목공 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 78243 | 형틀 목공 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 78244 | 내장 목공 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 78241 | 전통 건물 건축원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 78292 | 건물 칸막이 설치원 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7115Carpenters and Joiners
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Carpenters and joiners cut, shape, assemble, erect, maintain and repair various types of structures and fittings made from wood and other materials.
Tasks
- (a) making, altering and repairing structural and other woodwork at a workbench and on a construction site;
- (b) constructing, erecting and installing heavy-framed wooden structures on building sites;
- (c) fitting, assembling and altering internal and external fixtures of buildings, such as walls, doors, door and window frames, facings and panelling;
- (d) making, repairing and fitting scenic equipment for theatrical performances and motion picture or television productions;
- (e) constructing, assembling, altering and repairing wooden fixtures and fittings in train coaches, aircraft, ships, boats, floats and other vehicles.
Example occupations
Carpenter · Door installer · Finish Carpenter · Framer · Joiner · Shipwright (wood)
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- carpenterESCO 7115.1Same scope
Carpenters cut, shape and assemble wooden elements for the construction of buildings and other structures. They also use materials such as plastic and metal in their creations. Carpenters create the wooden frames to support wood framed buildings.
- door installerESCO 7115.2Overlapping, not the same
Door installers set doors in place. They remove the old door if present, prepare the frame opening, and set the new door in place square, straight, plumb, and watertight if called for. Door installers also inspect and service existing doors.
- house builderESCO 7111.1Overlapping, not the same
House builders construct, maintain and repair houses or similar small buildings using a range of techniques and materials of several construction building workers.
- manufactured wooden building assemblerESCO 7119.3Overlapping, not the same
Manufactured wooden building assemblers put together wooden elements for use in construction. The elements, or modules, may consist of walls with windows and doors built-in, or may be as large as whole rooms. The assemblers put together the supporting structure, insulation materials, and covering, and fasten it together to obtain usable modules.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1501 | Monteur / Monteuse de structures bois | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| F1503 | Charpentier / Charpentière | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| F1504 | Charpentier / Charpentière de marine | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H2206 | Menuisier / Menuisière | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| F1505 | Echafaudeur / Echafaudeuse | Related, not a match |
| H2213 | Menuisier / Menuisière en construction nautique | Related, not a match |
| L1527 | Chef constructeur / Cheffe constructrice en décors | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7131 | Carpinteros (excepto ebanistas) | Same scope |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 33322 | Berufe in der Zimmerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 33332 | Berufe in der Bautischlerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 32112 | Berufe im Beton- und Stahlbetonbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 32152 | Berufe im Fassadenbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 33133 | Berufe in der Parkettverlegung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 33323 | Berufe in der Zimmerei - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 661 | 大工 | Same scope |
| 651 | 型枠大工 | This occupation is broader |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources