Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles

O*NET-SOC code: 47-2042.00

Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.10
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

14 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Sweep, scrape, sand, or chip dirt and irregularities to clean base surfaces, correcting imperfections that may show through the covering. O*NET Task ID 8253	0.0
Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions. O*NET Task ID 8254	0.0
Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry. O*NET Task ID 8255	0.0
Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint. O*NET Task ID 8256	0.0
Form a smooth foundation by stapling plywood or Masonite over the floor or by brushing waterproof compound onto surface and filling cracks with plaster, putty, or grout to seal pores. O*NET Task ID 8257	0.0
Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers. O*NET Task ID 8258	0.0
Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches. O*NET Task ID 8259	0.0
Roll and press sheet wall and floor covering into cement base to smooth and finish surface, using hand roller. O*NET Task ID 8260	0.0
Apply adhesive cement to floor or wall material to join and adhere foundation material. O*NET Task ID 8261	0.0
Determine traffic areas and decide location of seams. O*NET Task ID 8262	0.0
Lay out, position, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors, walls, and cabinets, following guidelines to keep courses straight and create designs. O*NET Task ID 8263	0.0
Remove excess cement to clean finished surface. O*NET Task ID 8264	0.0
Disconnect and remove appliances, light fixtures, and worn floor and wall covering from floors, walls, and cabinets. O*NET Task ID 8265	0.0
Heat and soften floor covering materials to patch cracks or fit floor coverings around irregular surfaces, using blowtorch. O*NET Task ID 8266	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (14)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Sweep, scrape, sand, or chip dirt and irregularities to clean base surfaces, correcting imperfections that may show through the covering.	Core
Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions.	Core
Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry.	Core
Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint.	Core
Form a smooth foundation by stapling plywood or Masonite over the floor or by brushing waterproof compound onto surface and filling cracks with plaster, putty, or grout to seal pores.	Core
Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers.	Core
Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches.	Core
Roll and press sheet wall and floor covering into cement base to smooth and finish surface, using hand roller.	Core
Apply adhesive cement to floor or wall material to join and adhere foundation material.	Core
Determine traffic areas and decide location of seams.	Core
Lay out, position, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors, walls, and cabinets, following guidelines to keep courses straight and create designs.	Core
Remove excess cement to clean finished surface.	Core
Disconnect and remove appliances, light fixtures, and worn floor and wall covering from floors, walls, and cabinets.	Core
Heat and soften floor covering materials to patch cracks or fit floor coverings around irregular surfaces, using blowtorch.	Core

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

0.94/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Sweep, scrape, sand, or chip dirt and irregularities to clean base surfaces, correcting imperfections that may show through the covering.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Inspect surface to be covered to ensure that it is firm and dry.	E0 none
Trim excess covering materials, tack edges, and join sections of covering material to form tight joint.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Form a smooth foundation by stapling plywood or Masonite over the floor or by brushing waterproof compound onto surface and filling cracks with plaster, putty, or grout to seal pores.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces or foundations, using chalk lines and dividers.	E2 structured facilities
Cut covering and foundation materials, according to blueprints and sketches.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Roll and press sheet wall and floor covering into cement base to smooth and finish surface, using hand roller.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Apply adhesive cement to floor or wall material to join and adhere foundation material.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Lay out, position, and apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors, walls, and cabinets, following guidelines to keep courses straight and create designs.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Remove excess cement to clean finished surface.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Disconnect and remove appliances, light fixtures, and worn floor and wall covering from floors, walls, and cabinets.	E0 none
Heat and soften floor covering materials to patch cracks or fit floor coverings around irregular surfaces, using blowtorch.	E1 purpose-built robot settings

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025: 30K
Projected employment, 2035: 32K
Change (2025–35): +9%
Median annual wage, 2025: $56,460
Typical education needed for entry: No formal educational credential

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
78349	그 외 바닥재 시공원	Same scope	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 7122Floor Layers and Tile Setters

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Floor layers and tile setters install, maintain and repair flooring, and cover floors, walls and other surfaces with carpets, tiles or mosaic panels for decorative or other purposes.

Tasks

(a) preparing floor areas for covering with a variety of materials;
(b) assembling carpet, tiles or other materials and laying them on floors according to design and other specifications;
(c) preparing wall areas for covering with tiles or other materials for decorative or other purposes such as acoustic insulation;
(d) setting tiles and constructing and laying mosaic panels to walls, floors and other surfaces.

Example occupations

Carpet layer · Marble setter · Parquetry worker · Tile setter

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

resilient floor layerESCO 7122.3This occupation is broader
Resilient floor layers place prefabricated tiles or rolls of flooring materials such as linoleum, vinyl, rubber or cork to serve as floor covering.
carpet fitterESCO 7122.1Overlapping, not the same
Carpet fitters lay rolls of carpet as a floor covering. They cut the carpet to size, prepare the surface, and put the carpet in place.
hardwood floor layerESCO 7122.2Overlapping, not the same
Hardwood floor layers install floors made of solid wood. They prepare the surface, cut parquet or board elements to size, and lay them in a predetermined pattern, straight and flush.
tile fitterESCO 7122.4Overlapping, not the same
Tile fitters install tiles onto walls and floors. They cut tiles to the right size and shape, prepare the surface, and put the tiles in place flush and straight. Tile fitters may also take on creative and artistic projects, with some laying mosaics.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
F1609	Poseur / Poseuse de revêtements de sols	This occupation is narrowerprovisional
F1608	Carreleur / Carreleuse	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
7240	Soladores, colocadores de parquet y afines	This occupation is narrowerprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
33102	Berufe in der Bodenverlegung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	This occupation is narrowerprovisional

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
669	その他の建設従事者	This occupation is narrower
665	畳職	Related, not a match

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources