Glaziers

Construction and Extraction Occupations
O*NET-SOC code
47-2121.00

Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.

  • Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08

    Low· relative

    LowFour relative bandsVery high

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)

    831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band

    Source dataset (XLSX download)

  • Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000Range of values carried here0.745
    Scale, basis and source

    Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Mapped onto O*NET tasks

    Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value

    Source dataset (CSV download)

  • Data source: ILOPublished: 2025

    0.14

    0.09Range of values carried here0.70

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published

    Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

27 rated tasks · 5 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (18.5%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

  • Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
  • All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
Source
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release
gh-main-0471612
License
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 30.2)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates.

47-2121.00

0.00000.0
Not observed on any surface — 26 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required.
—0
Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels.
—0
Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.
—0
Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.
—0
Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.
—0
Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.
—0
Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.
—0
Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.
—0
Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.
—0
Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.
—0
Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.
—0
Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools.
—0
Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.
—0
Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.
—0
Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.
—0
Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass.
—0
Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.
—0
Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary.
—0
Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.
—0
Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.
—0
Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass.
—0
Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths.
—0
Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications.
—0
Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together.
—0
Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.
—0
Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (27)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)Type
Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required.Core
Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels.Core
Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.Core
Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.Core
Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.Core
Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.Core
Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.Core
Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.Core
Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.Core
Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.Core
Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.Core
Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools.Core
Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.Core
Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.Core
Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.Core
Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass.Core
Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.Core
Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary.Core
Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.Core
Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.Core
Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass.Core
Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths.Core
Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates.Supplemental
Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications.Supplemental
Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together.Supplemental
Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.Supplemental
Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs.Supplemental

Occupation information

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025
59K
Projected employment, 2035
60K
Change (2025–35)
+1.9%
Median annual wage, 2025
$57,080
Typical education needed for entry
High school diploma or equivalent
lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO codeKSCO titleRelationStatus
78352유리 부착원Same scopeconfirmed
78370새시 조립 및 설치원Overlapping, not the sameconfirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

  • ISCO-08 7125Glaziers

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Glaziers measure, cut, finish, fit and install flat glass and mirrors.

Tasks

  • (a) selecting the type of glass to be used, cutting to right size and shape and installing in windows, doors, showers and partitions of buildings;
  • (b) installing glass and mirrors in skylights, display cases, interior walls and ceilings;
  • (c) installing or replacing windscreens in vehicles or boats;
  • (d) creating decorative glass features such as glass walls, staircases, balustrades and stained-glass windows.

Example occupations

Autoglazier · Glazier · Roofing glazier · Vehicle glazier

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

  • plate glass installerESCO 7125.1Same scope

    Plate glass installers fit panes of glass into windows and other structural elements like glass doors, walls, façades and other structures.

  • vehicle glazierESCO 7125.2This occupation is broader

    Vehicle glaziers install glass in motor vehicles taking into account the automobile manufacturer specifications such as glass type, thickness, size and shape. They order and inspect windows for specific automobile models and prepare the damaged areas to install new glass.

  • glass bevellerESCO 7315.2Overlapping, not the same

    Glass bevellers measure, cut, assemble and install flat glass and mirrors. They also load and unload glass, mirrors and equipment, drive to installation sites, install metal or wood frameworks that need to be fitted with glass, and work according to client specifications.

  • window installerESCO 7115.5Overlapping, not the same

    Window installers place windows into structures and service them. They take out old windows if present, prepare the opening, mount the window, and attach it in place plumb, straight, square and watertight.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME codeROME title (French)Relation
F1618Poseur / Poseuse de façade vitréeThis occupation is broaderprovisional
F1614Poseur / Poseuse en fermetures de bâtimentOverlapping, not the sameprovisional
F1607Menuisier / Menuisière aluminiumRelated, not a match
F1617Poseur / Poseuse de vérandaRelated, not a match
I1629Technicien / Technicienne de réparation et pose de vitrage des véhiculesRelated, not a matchprovisional

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 codeCNO-11 title (Spanish)Relation
7293CristalerosSame scope
7192Instaladores de fachadas técnicasRelated, not a matchprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB codeKldB title (German)Relation
33342Berufe in der Glaserei - fachlich ausgerichtete TätigkeitenSame scope

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO codeJSCO title (Japanese)Relation
669その他の建設従事者This occupation is narrowerprovisional

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources