Construction and Building Inspectors
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 47-4011.00
Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.048
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.28
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 16 hidden tasks19 rated tasks · 10 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (52.6%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Sample and test air to identify gasses, such as bromine, ozone, or sulfur dioxide, or particulates, such as mold, dust, or allergens.47-4011.00 | 0.004438.6 | —0 |
Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, or construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations.47-4011.00 | 0.004035.1 | 0.004766.2 |
Estimate cost of completed work or of needed renovations or upgrades.47-4011.00 | 0.003026.3 | 0.002433.8 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain daily logs and supplement inspection records with photographs.O*NET Task ID 870 | 0.5 |
Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, or construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations.O*NET Task ID 871 | 0.5 |
Measure dimensions and verify level, alignment, or elevation of structures or fixtures to ensure compliance to building plans and codes.O*NET Task ID 873 | 0.5 |
Issue permits for construction, relocation, demolition, or occupancy.O*NET Task ID 875 | 0.5 |
Conduct environmental hazard inspections to identify or quantify problems, such as asbestos, poor air quality, water contamination, or other environmental hazards.O*NET Task ID 19863 | 0.5 |
Evaluate project details to ensure adherence to environmental regulations.O*NET Task ID 19864 | 0.5 |
Inspect facilities or installations to determine their environmental impact.O*NET Task ID 19865 | 0.5 |
Monitor construction activities to ensure that environmental regulations are not violated.O*NET Task ID 19866 | 0.5 |
Approve building plans that meet required specifications.O*NET Task ID 20447 | 0.5 |
Estimate cost of completed work or of needed renovations or upgrades.O*NET Task ID 20449 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (19)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Inspect bridges, dams, highways, buildings, wiring, plumbing, electrical circuits, sewers, heating systems, or foundations during and after construction for structural quality, general safety, or conformance to specifications and codes. | Core |
| Maintain daily logs and supplement inspection records with photographs. | Core |
| Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, or construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations. | Core |
| Inspect and monitor construction sites to ensure adherence to safety standards, building codes, or specifications. | Core |
| Measure dimensions and verify level, alignment, or elevation of structures or fixtures to ensure compliance to building plans and codes. | Core |
| Issue permits for construction, relocation, demolition, or occupancy. | Core |
| Monitor installation of plumbing, wiring, equipment, or appliances to ensure that installation is performed properly and is in compliance with applicable regulations. | Core |
| Train, direct, or supervise other construction inspectors. | Core |
| Conduct inspections, using survey instruments, metering devices, tape measures, or test equipment. | Core |
| Confer with owners, violators, or authorities to explain regulations or recommend remedial actions. | Core |
| Approve building plans that meet required specifications. | Core |
| Conduct environmental hazard inspections to identify or quantify problems, such as asbestos, poor air quality, water contamination, or other environmental hazards. | Supplemental |
| Evaluate project details to ensure adherence to environmental regulations. | Supplemental |
| Inspect facilities or installations to determine their environmental impact. | Supplemental |
| Monitor construction activities to ensure that environmental regulations are not violated. | Supplemental |
| Sample and test air to identify gasses, such as bromine, ozone, or sulfur dioxide, or particulates, such as mold, dust, or allergens. | Supplemental |
| Examine lifting or conveying devices, such as elevators, escalators, moving sidewalks, hoists, inclined railways, ski lifts, or amusement rides to ensure safety and proper functioning. | Supplemental |
| Estimate cost of completed work or of needed renovations or upgrades. | Supplemental |
| Evaluate premises for cleanliness, such as proper garbage disposal or lack of vermin infestation. | Supplemental |
0.20/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Inspect bridges, dams, highways, buildings, wiring, plumbing, electrical circuits, sewers, heating systems, or foundations during and after construction for structural quality, general safety, or conformance to specifications and codes. | E0 none |
| Maintain daily logs and supplement inspection records with photographs. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect and monitor construction sites to ensure adherence to safety standards, building codes, or specifications. | E0 none |
| Measure dimensions and verify level, alignment, or elevation of structures or fixtures to ensure compliance to building plans and codes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Monitor installation of plumbing, wiring, equipment, or appliances to ensure that installation is performed properly and is in compliance with applicable regulations. | E0 none |
| Conduct inspections, using survey instruments, metering devices, tape measures, or test equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Conduct environmental hazard inspections to identify or quantify problems, such as asbestos, poor air quality, water contamination, or other environmental hazards. | E0 none |
| Inspect facilities or installations to determine their environmental impact. | E0 none |
| Monitor construction activities to ensure that environmental regulations are not violated. | E0 none |
| Sample and test air to identify gasses, such as bromine, ozone, or sulfur dioxide, or particulates, such as mold, dust, or allergens. | E2 structured facilities |
| Examine lifting or conveying devices, such as elevators, escalators, moving sidewalks, hoists, inclined railways, ski lifts, or amusement rides to ensure safety and proper functioning. | E0 none |
| Evaluate premises for cleanliness, such as proper garbage disposal or lack of vermin infestation. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 47-4011 group (Construction and building inspectors), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 154K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 154K
- Change (2025–35)
- +0%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $74,690
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23122 | 건축감리 기술자 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 23125 | 건축안전 기술자 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 23415 | 전기 감리 기술자 및 연구원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 23659 | 그 외 소방‧방재 및 산업안전 시험원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 23134 | 토목안전 기술자 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
| 23142 | 조경감리 기술자 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3112Civil Engineering Technicians
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Civil engineering technicians perform technical tasks in civil engineering research and in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of buildings and other structures such as water supply and wastewater treatment systems, bridges, roads, dams and airports.
Tasks
- (a) performing or assisting with field and laboratory tests of soils and construction materials;
- (b) providing technical assistance connected with the construction of buildings and other structures, and with surveys or the preparation of survey reports;
- (c) ensuring compliance with design specifications, relevant legislation and regulations, and maintenance of desired standards of materials and work;
- (d) applying technical knowledge of building and civil engineering principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems arising;
- (e) assisting with the preparation of detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for projects, according to the specifications given;
- (f) organizing maintenance and repairs;
- (g) inspecting buildings and structures during and after construction to ensure that they comply with building, grading, zoning and safety laws and approved plans, specifications and standards, as well as with other rules concerning quality and safety of buildings; (h) inspecting industrial plant, hotels, cinemas and other buildings and structures to detect fire hazards and advise on how they can be removed; (i) advising on the installation of fire detectors and sprinkler systems and the use of materials in the construction of buildings, and means of transportation to reduce risk of fire and extent of damage and danger if fire occurs.
Example occupations
Building inspector · Building surveyor · Civil engineering technician · Clerk of Works · Fire inspector · Fire prevention specialist · Geotechnical technician · Surveying technician
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- bridge inspectorESCO 3112.1.1This occupation is broader
Bridge inspectors inspect bridge structures for joint break, cracks, rust and other faults. They also carry out or organise the maintenance of the structures.
- building inspectorESCO 3112.1.2This occupation is broader
Building inspectors perform inspections of buildings to determine compliance with specifications for various focuses of assessment. They observe and determine the suitability of construction, quality and resistance, and general compliance with regulations.
- construction quality inspectorESCO 3112.1.3This occupation is broader
Construction quality inspectors monitor the activities at larger construction sites to make sure everything happens according to standards and specifications. They pay close attention to potential safety problems and take samples of products to test for conformity with standards and specifications.
- construction safety inspectorESCO 3112.2This occupation is broader
Construction safety inspectors monitor construction sites and their conformity to health and safety regulations. They perform inspections, identify safety hazards and report on their findings.
- utilities inspectorESCO 3119.17This occupation is broader
Utilities inspectors examine products, systems and machiney such as sewer, water, gas or electric turbines ensuring they are built and functioning according to regulations. They write inspection reports and provide recommendations to improve the systems and repair the broken components.\
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1130 | Contrôleur / Contrôleuse technique de la construction (CTC) | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| H1305 | Vérificateur / Vérificatrice de conformité industrielle | Related, not a match |
| F1103 | Diagnostiqueur / Diagnostiqueuse immobilier | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| H1301 | Inspecteur / Inspectrice de conformité | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 3122 | Técnicos en construcción | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 31163 | Bausachverständige und Baukontrolleure/-kontrolleurinnen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Same scopeprovisional |
| 31164 | Bausachverständige und Baukontrolleure/-kontrolleurinnen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 33243 | Berufe im Holz- und Bautenschutz - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 091 | 建築技術者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 092 | 土木技術者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources