Helpers--Extraction Workers
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 47-5081.00
Help extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers, blasters and explosives workers, derrick operators, and mining machine operators, by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying equipment or cleaning work area.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.11
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
14 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Repair and maintain automotive and drilling equipment, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13698 | 0.0 |
Observe and monitor equipment operation during the extraction process to detect any problems.O*NET Task ID 13699 | 0.0 |
Drive moving equipment to transport materials and parts to excavation sites.O*NET Task ID 13700 | 0.0 |
Clean up work areas and remove debris after extraction activities are complete.O*NET Task ID 13701 | 0.0 |
Organize materials to prepare for use.O*NET Task ID 13702 | 0.0 |
Provide assistance to extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers and derrick operators.O*NET Task ID 13703 | 0.0 |
Dismantle extracting and boring equipment used for excavation, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13704 | 0.0 |
Unload materials, devices, and machine parts, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13705 | 0.0 |
Load materials into well holes or into equipment, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 13706 | 0.0 |
Signal workers to start geological material extraction or boring.O*NET Task ID 13707 | 0.0 |
Clean and prepare sites for excavation or boring.O*NET Task ID 13708 | 0.0 |
Set up and adjust equipment used to excavate geological materials.O*NET Task ID 13709 | 0.0 |
Collect and examine geological matter, using hand tools and testing devices.O*NET Task ID 13710 | 0.0 |
Dig trenches.O*NET Task ID 13711 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (14)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Repair and maintain automotive and drilling equipment, using hand tools. | Core |
| Observe and monitor equipment operation during the extraction process to detect any problems. | Core |
| Drive moving equipment to transport materials and parts to excavation sites. | Core |
| Clean up work areas and remove debris after extraction activities are complete. | Core |
| Organize materials to prepare for use. | Core |
| Unload materials, devices, and machine parts, using hand tools. | Core |
| Load materials into well holes or into equipment, using hand tools. | Core |
| Clean and prepare sites for excavation or boring. | Core |
| Set up and adjust equipment used to excavate geological materials. | Core |
| Provide assistance to extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers and derrick operators. | Supplemental |
| Dismantle extracting and boring equipment used for excavation, using hand tools. | Supplemental |
| Signal workers to start geological material extraction or boring. | Supplemental |
| Collect and examine geological matter, using hand tools and testing devices. | Supplemental |
| Dig trenches. | Supplemental |
0.97/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Repair and maintain automotive and drilling equipment, using hand tools. | E0 none |
| Observe and monitor equipment operation during the extraction process to detect any problems. | E2 structured facilities |
| Drive moving equipment to transport materials and parts to excavation sites. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean up work areas and remove debris after extraction activities are complete. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Organize materials to prepare for use. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Unload materials, devices, and machine parts, using hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Load materials into well holes or into equipment, using hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean and prepare sites for excavation or boring. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set up and adjust equipment used to excavate geological materials. | E2 structured facilities |
| Provide assistance to extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers and derrick operators. | E0 none |
| Dismantle extracting and boring equipment used for excavation, using hand tools. | E2 structured facilities |
| Collect and examine geological matter, using hand tools and testing devices. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Dig trenches. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 7K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 7K
- Change (2025–35)
- +1.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $47,730
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 91002 | 광업 단순 종사원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 9311Mining and Quarrying Labourers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- mining assistantESCO 9311.1Same scope
Mining assisstants perform routine duties in mining and quarrying operations. They assist the miners with maintaining equipment, with laying pipes, cables and tunnels, and with removing wast.
- derrickhandESCO 8113.1Overlapping, not the same
Derrickhands guide the positions and movements of drill pipes. They control the automated pipe-handling equipment. They are often responsible for the condition of drilling fluids, or "mud".
- drillerESCO 8111.2Overlapping, not the same
Drillers set up and operate drilling rigs and related equipment designed to drill holes for mineral exploration, in shotfiring operations, and for construction purposes.
- mud loggerESCO 2114.1.7Overlapping, not the same
Mud loggers analyse the drilling fluids after they have been drilled up. They analyse the fluids in a laboratory. Mud loggers determine the position of hydrocarbons with respect to depth. They also monitor natural gas and identify lithology.
- oil rig motorhandESCO 8113.3Overlapping, not the same
Oil rig motorhands assume responsibility for the engines powering the drilling equipment. They ensure that all other rig equipment operates correctly.
- roustaboutESCO 8113.6Overlapping, not the same
Roustabouts maintain and repair oil field equipment and machinery using hand and power tools. They do general labor, such as cleaning, digging trenches, scraping and painting rig components.
- stone drillerESCO 8112.3Overlapping, not the same
Stone drillers operate the drilling machine that bores holes into stone blocks. They manipulate granit, sandstone, marble and slate according to specifications.
- tool pusherESCO 8113.7Overlapping, not the same
Tool pushers assume responsibility over daily drilling operations. They do mostly administrative work. Tool pushers ensure that the oil rig has sufficient materials, spare parts and enough personnel to continue with the daily operations. They conduct drilling activities in accordance with scheduled programme, supervising drilling crew and equipment.
- underground minerESCO 8111.5Overlapping, not the same
Underground miners perform a wide range of ancillary underground mining operations such as inspections, conveyor attendance and the transport of equipment and consumable materials from the surface to the point of extraction underground.
- well-diggerESCO 8113.9Overlapping, not the same
Well-diggers operate drilling machinery and equipment to create and maintain wells for use in extracting ore and other liquids and gases. They record operations, maintain equipment, seal unused wells and prevent ground contamination.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1401 | Foreur / Foreuse | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| F1402 | Boutefeu | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| F1403 | Foreur / Foreuse pétrole et gaz | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 9603 | Peones de la minería, canteras y otras industrias extractivas | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 21111 | Berufe im Berg- und Tagebau - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Same scope |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 699 | その他の採掘従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 691 | 採鉱員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 693 | 砂利・砂・粘土採取従事者 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources