Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-2022.00
Install, set up, rearrange, or remove switching, distribution, routing, and dialing equipment used in central offices or headends. Service or repair telephone, cable television, Internet, and other communications equipment on customers' property. May install communications equipment or communications wiring in buildings.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.033
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.24
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 34 hidden tasks40 rated tasks · 14 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (35.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Install updated software, and programs that maintain existing software or provide requested features such as time-correlated call routing.49-2022.00 | 0.017363.4 | 0.019922.1 |
Perform database verifications, using computers.49-2022.00 | 0.005419.8 | 0.059966.6 |
Diagnose and correct problems from remote locations, using special switchboards to find the sources of problems.49-2022.00 | 0.00238.4 | 0.00444.9 |
Review manufacturer's instructions, manuals, technical specifications, building permits, and ordinances to determine communication equipment requirements and procedures.49-2022.00 | 0.00238.4 | —0 |
Test circuits and components of malfunctioning telecommunications equipment to isolate sources of malfunctions, using test meters, circuit diagrams, polarity probes, and other hand tools. | —0 | 0.00374.1 |
Test connections to ensure that power supplies are adequate and that communications links function. | —0 | 0.00202.2 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Request support from technical service centers when on-site procedures fail to solve installation or maintenance problems.O*NET Task ID 11658 | 1.0 |
Review manufacturer's instructions, manuals, technical specifications, building permits, and ordinances to determine communication equipment requirements and procedures.O*NET Task ID 11663 | 1.0 |
Refer to manufacturers' manuals to obtain maintenance instructions pertaining to specific malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 11666 | 1.0 |
Designate cables available for use.O*NET Task ID 11667 | 1.0 |
Program computerized switches and switchboards to provide requested features.O*NET Task ID 11672 | 1.0 |
Diagnose and correct problems from remote locations, using special switchboards to find the sources of problems.O*NET Task ID 11673 | 1.0 |
Maintain computer and manual records pertaining to facilities and equipment.O*NET Task ID 11674 | 1.0 |
Install updated software and programs that maintain existing software or provide requested features, such as time-correlated call routing.O*NET Task ID 11675 | 1.0 |
Enter codes needed to correct electronic switching system programming.O*NET Task ID 11676 | 1.0 |
Perform database verifications, using computers.O*NET Task ID 11677 | 1.0 |
Note differences in wire and cable colors so that work can be performed correctly.O*NET Task ID 11648 | 0.5 |
Analyze test readings, computer printouts, and trouble reports to determine equipment repair needs and required repair methods.O*NET Task ID 11656 | 0.5 |
Measure distances from landmarks to identify exact installation sites for equipment.O*NET Task ID 11682 | 0.5 |
Provide input into the design and manufacturing of new equipment.O*NET Task ID 11686 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (40)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Note differences in wire and cable colors so that work can be performed correctly. | Core |
| Test circuits and components of malfunctioning telecommunications equipment to isolate sources of malfunctions, using test meters, circuit diagrams, polarity probes, and other hand tools. | Core |
| Test repaired, newly installed, or updated equipment to ensure that it functions properly and conforms to specifications, using test equipment and observation. | Core |
| Drive crew trucks to and from work areas. | Core |
| Inspect equipment on a regular basis to ensure proper functioning. | Core |
| Repair or replace faulty equipment, such as defective and damaged telephones, wires, switching system components, and associated equipment. | Core |
| Remove and remake connections to change circuit layouts, following work orders or diagrams. | Core |
| Demonstrate equipment to customers and explain its use, responding to any inquiries or complaints. | Core |
| Analyze test readings, computer printouts, and trouble reports to determine equipment repair needs and required repair methods. | Core |
| Adjust or modify equipment to enhance equipment performance or to respond to customer requests. | Core |
| Request support from technical service centers when on-site procedures fail to solve installation or maintenance problems. | Core |
| Remove loose wires and other debris after work is completed. | Core |
| Assemble and install communication equipment such as data and telephone communication lines, wiring, switching equipment, wiring frames, power apparatus, computer systems, and networks. | Core |
| Communicate with bases, using telephones or two-way radios to receive instructions or technical advice, or to report equipment status. | Core |
| Collaborate with other workers to locate and correct malfunctions. | Core |
| Review manufacturer's instructions, manuals, technical specifications, building permits, and ordinances to determine communication equipment requirements and procedures. | Core |
| Test connections to ensure that power supplies are adequate and that communications links function. | Core |
| Climb poles and ladders, use truck-mounted booms, and enter areas such as manholes and cable vaults to install, maintain, or inspect equipment. | Core |
| Refer to manufacturers' manuals to obtain maintenance instructions pertaining to specific malfunctions. | Core |
| Designate cables available for use. | Core |
| Run wires between components and to outside cable systems, connecting them to wires from telephone poles or underground cable accesses. | Core |
| Remove and replace plug-in circuit equipment. | Core |
| Route and connect cables and lines to switches, switchboard equipment, and distributing frames, using wire-wrap guns or soldering irons to connect wires to terminals. | Core |
| Clean and maintain tools, test equipment, and motor vehicles. | Core |
| Diagnose and correct problems from remote locations, using special switchboards to find the sources of problems. | Core |
| Maintain computer and manual records pertaining to facilities and equipment. | Core |
| Install updated software and programs that maintain existing software or provide requested features, such as time-correlated call routing. | Core |
| Enter codes needed to correct electronic switching system programming. | Core |
| Examine telephone transmission facilities to determine requirements for new or additional telephone services. | Core |
| Determine viability of sites through observation, and discuss site locations and construction requirements with customers. | Core |
| Perform routine maintenance on equipment, including adjusting and lubricating components and painting worn or exposed areas. | Core |
| Measure distances from landmarks to identify exact installation sites for equipment. | Core |
| Dig holes or trenches as necessary for equipment installation and access. | Core |
| Program computerized switches and switchboards to provide requested features. | Supplemental |
| Perform database verifications, using computers. | Supplemental |
| Address special issues or situations, such as illegal or unauthorized use of equipment, or cases of electrical or acoustic shock. | Supplemental |
| Clean switches and replace contact points, using vacuum hoses, solvents, and hand tools. | Supplemental |
| Install telephone station equipment, such as intercommunication systems, transmitters, receivers, relays, and ringers, and related apparatus, such as coin collectors, telephone booths, and switching-key equipment. | Supplemental |
| Provide input into the design and manufacturing of new equipment. | Supplemental |
| Place intercept circuits on terminals to handle vacant lines in central office installations. | Supplemental |
0.55/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Test circuits and components of malfunctioning telecommunications equipment to isolate sources of malfunctions, using test meters, circuit diagrams, polarity probes, and other hand tools. | E0 none |
| Test repaired, newly installed, or updated equipment to ensure that it functions properly and conforms to specifications, using test equipment and observation. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect equipment on a regular basis to ensure proper functioning. | E2 structured facilities |
| Repair or replace faulty equipment, such as defective and damaged telephones, wires, switching system components, and associated equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Remove and remake connections to change circuit layouts, following work orders or diagrams. | E0 none |
| Adjust or modify equipment to enhance equipment performance or to respond to customer requests. | E0 none |
| Remove loose wires and other debris after work is completed. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assemble and install communication equipment such as data and telephone communication lines, wiring, switching equipment, wiring frames, power apparatus, computer systems, and networks. | E0 none |
| Collaborate with other workers to locate and correct malfunctions. | E0 none |
| Test connections to ensure that power supplies are adequate and that communications links function. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Climb poles and ladders, use truck-mounted booms, and enter areas such as manholes and cable vaults to install, maintain, or inspect equipment. | E0 none |
| Run wires between components and to outside cable systems, connecting them to wires from telephone poles or underground cable accesses. | E0 none |
| Remove and replace plug-in circuit equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean and maintain tools, test equipment, and motor vehicles. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Dig holes or trenches as necessary for equipment installation and access. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Drive crew trucks to and from work areas. | E3 unstructured settings |
| Designate cables available for use. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Route and connect cables and lines to switches, switchboard equipment, and distributing frames, using wire-wrap guns or soldering irons to connect wires to terminals. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Address special issues or situations, such as illegal or unauthorized use of equipment, or cases of electrical or acoustic shock. | E0 none |
| Examine telephone transmission facilities to determine requirements for new or additional telephone services. | E0 none |
| Perform routine maintenance on equipment, including adjusting and lubricating components and painting worn or exposed areas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Measure distances from landmarks to identify exact installation sites for equipment. | E2 structured facilities |
| Clean switches and replace contact points, using vacuum hoses, solvents, and hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install telephone station equipment, such as intercommunication systems, transmitters, receivers, relays, and ringers, and related apparatus, such as coin collectors, telephone booths, and switching-key equipment. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 143K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 138K
- Change (2025–35)
- -3.3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $63,890
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 77221 | 통신장비 설치 및 수리원 | Same scope | reviewed |
| 77190 | 그 외 정보 통신기기 설치 및 수리원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 22601 | 통신 장비 기사 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
| 77120 | 이동전화기 수리원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7422Information and Communications Technology Installers and Servicers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- telecommunications technicianESCO 7422.7Same scope
Telecommunications technicians install, test, maintain and troubleshoot telecommunications systems. They repair or replace defective devices and equipment and maintain a safe working environment and a complete inventory of supplies. They also provide user or customer assistance.
- radio technicianESCO 7422.4This occupation is broader
Radio technicians install, adjust, test, maintain, and repair mobile or stationary radio transmitting and receiving equipment and two-way radio communications systems. They also monitor their performance and determine causes of faults.
- cable jointerESCO 7413.1.1Overlapping, not the same
Cable jointers construct and maintain power supply and control cables in underground pipes and grooves. They also make and repair electrical cables connecting customers to the electricity network.
- communication infrastructure maintainerESCO 7422.1Overlapping, not the same
Communication infrastructure maintainers install, repair, run and maintain infrastructure for communication systems.
- telecommunications engineering technicianESCO 3522.1Overlapping, not the same
Telecommunications engineering technician deploy, maintain and monitor a telecommunication system that provides interactions between data and voice communications, such as telephone, video conferencing, computer, and voicemail systems. They are also involved in the design, manufacturing, construction, maintenance and repair of telecommunication systems. Telecommunications engineering technicians provide technical assistance in the research and development of telecommunication equipment.
- telecommunications equipment maintainerESCO 7422.6Overlapping, not the same
Telecommunications equipment maintainers repair, install or maintain mobile or stationary radio transmitting, broadcasting, and receiving equipment, and two-way radio communications systems (cellular telecommunications, mobile broadband, ship-to-shore, aircraft-to-ground communications, radio equipment in service and emergency vehicles). They also focus on communication towers, antennas, amplifiers and connectors. They may test and analyse network coverage.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1330 | Technicien / Technicienne d'installation de centrales téléphoniques | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| I1315 | Monteur raccordeur / Monteuse raccordeuse fibre optique | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| I1319 | Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance réseaux mobiles | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| M1816 | Technicien / Technicienne réseaux informatiques et télécoms | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7533 | Instaladores y reparadores en tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 3833 | Técnicos de ingeniería de las telecomunicaciones | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 26312 | Berufe in der Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 674 | 電気通信設備工事従事者 | Same scope |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources