Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-3031.00
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul buses and trucks, or maintain and repair any type of diesel engines. Includes mechanics working primarily with automobile or marine diesel engines.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.18
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 24 hidden tasks26 rated tasks · 0 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (0.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Inspect and verify dimensions and clearances of parts to ensure conformance to factory specifications.49-3031.00 | 0.0021100.0 | 0.0045100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Use handtools, such as screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, pressure gauges, or precision instruments, as well as power tools, such as pneumatic wrenches, lathes, welding equipment, or jacks and hoists.O*NET Task ID 2981 | 0.0 |
Inspect brake systems, steering mechanisms, wheel bearings, and other important parts to ensure that they are in proper operating condition.O*NET Task ID 2982 | 0.0 |
Perform routine maintenance such as changing oil, checking batteries, and lubricating equipment and machinery.O*NET Task ID 2983 | 0.0 |
Adjust and reline brakes, align wheels, tighten bolts and screws, and reassemble equipment.O*NET Task ID 2984 | 0.0 |
Raise trucks, buses, and heavy parts or equipment using hydraulic jacks or hoists.O*NET Task ID 2985 | 0.0 |
Test drive trucks and buses to diagnose malfunctions or to ensure that they are working properly.O*NET Task ID 2986 | 0.0 |
Inspect, test, and listen to defective equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test instruments such as handheld computers, motor analyzers, chassis charts, or pressure gauges.O*NET Task ID 2987 | 0.0 |
Examine and adjust protective guards, loose bolts, and specified safety devices.O*NET Task ID 2988 | 0.0 |
Inspect and verify dimensions and clearances of parts to ensure conformance to factory specifications.O*NET Task ID 2989 | 0.0 |
Specialize in repairing and maintaining parts of the engine, such as fuel injection systems.O*NET Task ID 2990 | 0.0 |
Attach test instruments to equipment, and read dials and gauges to diagnose malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 2991 | 0.0 |
Rewire ignition systems, lights, and instrument panels.O*NET Task ID 2992 | 0.0 |
Recondition and replace parts, pistons, bearings, gears, and valves.O*NET Task ID 2993 | 0.0 |
Inspect, repair, and maintain automotive and mechanical equipment and machinery, such as pumps and compressors.O*NET Task ID 2995 | 0.0 |
Disassemble and overhaul internal combustion engines, pumps, generators, transmissions, clutches, and differential units.O*NET Task ID 2996 | 0.0 |
Rebuild gas or diesel engines.O*NET Task ID 2997 | 0.0 |
Align front ends and suspension systems.O*NET Task ID 2998 | 0.0 |
Operate valve-grinding machines to grind and reset valves.O*NET Task ID 2999 | 0.0 |
Diagnose and repair vehicle heating and cooling systems.O*NET Task ID 18582 | 0.0 |
Adjust or repair computer controlled exhaust emissions devices.O*NET Task ID 19886 | 0.0 |
Follow green operational practices involving conservation of water or energy or reduction of solid waste.O*NET Task ID 19887 | 0.0 |
Maintain or repair vehicles with alternative fuel systems, including biodiesel, hybrid, or compressed natural gas vehicles.O*NET Task ID 19888 | 0.0 |
Measure vehicle emissions to determine whether they are within acceptable limits.O*NET Task ID 19889 | 0.0 |
Install or repair accessories.O*NET Task ID 20453 | 0.0 |
Repair or adjust seats, doors, or windows.O*NET Task ID 20454 | 0.0 |
Dismount, mount, and repair or replace tires.O*NET Task ID 23955 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (26)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Use handtools, such as screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, pressure gauges, or precision instruments, as well as power tools, such as pneumatic wrenches, lathes, welding equipment, or jacks and hoists. | Core |
| Inspect brake systems, steering mechanisms, wheel bearings, and other important parts to ensure that they are in proper operating condition. | Core |
| Perform routine maintenance such as changing oil, checking batteries, and lubricating equipment and machinery. | Core |
| Adjust and reline brakes, align wheels, tighten bolts and screws, and reassemble equipment. | Core |
| Raise trucks, buses, and heavy parts or equipment using hydraulic jacks or hoists. | Core |
| Test drive trucks and buses to diagnose malfunctions or to ensure that they are working properly. | Core |
| Inspect, test, and listen to defective equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test instruments such as handheld computers, motor analyzers, chassis charts, or pressure gauges. | Core |
| Examine and adjust protective guards, loose bolts, and specified safety devices. | Core |
| Inspect and verify dimensions and clearances of parts to ensure conformance to factory specifications. | Core |
| Specialize in repairing and maintaining parts of the engine, such as fuel injection systems. | Core |
| Attach test instruments to equipment, and read dials and gauges to diagnose malfunctions. | Core |
| Rewire ignition systems, lights, and instrument panels. | Core |
| Recondition and replace parts, pistons, bearings, gears, and valves. | Core |
| Inspect, repair, and maintain automotive and mechanical equipment and machinery, such as pumps and compressors. | Core |
| Disassemble and overhaul internal combustion engines, pumps, generators, transmissions, clutches, and differential units. | Core |
| Rebuild gas or diesel engines. | Core |
| Align front ends and suspension systems. | Core |
| Diagnose and repair vehicle heating and cooling systems. | Core |
| Adjust or repair computer controlled exhaust emissions devices. | Core |
| Maintain or repair vehicles with alternative fuel systems, including biodiesel, hybrid, or compressed natural gas vehicles. | Core |
| Install or repair accessories. | Core |
| Repair or adjust seats, doors, or windows. | Core |
| Dismount, mount, and repair or replace tires. | Core |
| Operate valve-grinding machines to grind and reset valves. | Supplemental |
| Follow green operational practices involving conservation of water or energy or reduction of solid waste. | Supplemental |
| Measure vehicle emissions to determine whether they are within acceptable limits. | Supplemental |
0.13/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Use handtools, such as screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, pressure gauges, or precision instruments, as well as power tools, such as pneumatic wrenches, lathes, welding equipment, or jacks and hoists. | E0 none |
| Inspect brake systems, steering mechanisms, wheel bearings, and other important parts to ensure that they are in proper operating condition. | E0 none |
| Perform routine maintenance such as changing oil, checking batteries, and lubricating equipment and machinery. | E0 none |
| Adjust and reline brakes, align wheels, tighten bolts and screws, and reassemble equipment. | E0 none |
| Raise trucks, buses, and heavy parts or equipment using hydraulic jacks or hoists. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Test drive trucks and buses to diagnose malfunctions or to ensure that they are working properly. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect, test, and listen to defective equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test instruments such as handheld computers, motor analyzers, chassis charts, or pressure gauges. | E0 none |
| Examine and adjust protective guards, loose bolts, and specified safety devices. | E0 none |
| Inspect and verify dimensions and clearances of parts to ensure conformance to factory specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Specialize in repairing and maintaining parts of the engine, such as fuel injection systems. | E0 none |
| Attach test instruments to equipment, and read dials and gauges to diagnose malfunctions. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Rewire ignition systems, lights, and instrument panels. | E0 none |
| Recondition and replace parts, pistons, bearings, gears, and valves. | E0 none |
| Inspect, repair, and maintain automotive and mechanical equipment and machinery, such as pumps and compressors. | E0 none |
| Disassemble and overhaul internal combustion engines, pumps, generators, transmissions, clutches, and differential units. | E0 none |
| Rebuild gas or diesel engines. | E0 none |
| Align front ends and suspension systems. | E0 none |
| Diagnose and repair vehicle heating and cooling systems. | E0 none |
| Adjust or repair computer controlled exhaust emissions devices. | E0 none |
| Maintain or repair vehicles with alternative fuel systems, including biodiesel, hybrid, or compressed natural gas vehicles. | E0 none |
| Install or repair accessories. | E0 none |
| Repair or adjust seats, doors, or windows. | E0 none |
| Dismount, mount, and repair or replace tires. | E0 none |
| Operate valve-grinding machines to grind and reset valves. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Follow green operational practices involving conservation of water or energy or reduction of solid waste. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Measure vehicle emissions to determine whether they are within acceptable limits. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 316K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 327K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.6%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $61,770
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75101 | 자동차 엔진 정비원 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7231Motor Vehicle Mechanics and Repairers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers fit, install, maintain, service and repair engines and the mechanical and related equipment of passenger cars, delivery trucks, motorcycles and other motor vehicles.
Tasks
- (a) detecting and diagnosing faults in engines and parts;
- (b) fitting, examining, testing and servicing motor vehicle and motorcycle engines;
- (c) replacing engine components or complete engines;
- (d) fitting, examining, adjusting, dismantling, rebuilding and replacing defective parts of motor vehicles;
- (e) installing or adjusting motors and brakes, and adjusting steering or other parts of motor vehicles;
- (f) installing, adjusting, servicing and replacing mechatronics components of motor vehicles;
- (g) performing scheduled maintenance services, such as oil changes, lubrications and engine tune-ups, to achieve smoother running of vehicles and ensure compliance with pollution regulations;
- (h) reassembling engines and parts after being repaired.
Example occupations
Automotive brakes systems service technician · Diesel fitter (road transport) · Engine fitter (motor vehicle) · Garage mechanic · Moped repairer · Motorcycle mechanic · Motorized rickshaw mechanic · Motor vehicle engine and fuel systems service technician · Motor vehicle mechanic · Motor vehicle mechatronics service technician · Motor vehicle repairer · Motor vehicle service technician · Small engine mechanic
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- automotive brake technicianESCO 7231.1This occupation is broader
Automotive brake technicians inspect, maintain, diagnose and repair braking, steering and suspension systems as well as wheels and tyres.
- diesel engine mechanicESCO 7231.3This occupation is broader
Diesel engine mechanics repair and maintain all types of diesel engines. They use hand tools, precision measuring instruments, and machine tools to diagnose trouble, disassemble engines, and to examine and exchange parts of defect and excessive wear.
- roadside vehicle technicianESCO 7231.6This occupation is broader
Roadside vehicle technicians perform onsite repairs, tests and maintenance to roadside vehicles. They locate and travel to customers' vehicles to provide services such as tyre replacements and engine repairs.
- vehicle technicianESCO 7231.10This occupation is broader
Vehicle technicians inspect, test and maintain vehicles, motorcycles, engine tune-ups and tyre replacements. They repair engine failures, lube replacements. Vehicle technicians replace vehicle components and evaluate warranty options.
- automotive engineering technicianESCO 3115.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Automotive engineering technicians work with automotive engineers to operate, repair, maintain and test equipment used in motor vehicles. In some environments, such as an airport they are responsible for keeping equipment and vehicles serviceable. They review blueprints and designs to determine test specifications and procedures. Automotive engineering technicians use software to make sure that parts of a motor vehicle are functioning properly. They record test procedures and results, and make recommendations for changes.
- motor vehicle engine assemblerESCO 8211.5.2Overlapping, not the same
Motor vehicle engine assemblers build and install prefabricated parts to form motor vehicle engines such as diesel, gas, petrol and electric engines. They review specifications and technical drawings to determine materials and assembly instructions. They inspect and test the engines and reject malfunctioning components.
- motor vehicle engine testerESCO 3115.1.12Overlapping, not the same
Motor vehicle engine testers test the performance of diesel, petrol, gas and electric engines in specialised facilities such as laboratories. They position or give directions to workers positioning engines on the test stand. They use hand tools and machinery to position and connect the engine to the test stand. They use computerised equipment to enter, read and record test data such as temperature, speed, fuel consumption, oil and exhaust pressure.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1613 | Mécanicien / Mécanicienne des véhicules des transports routiers | Same scopeprovisional |
| I1622 | Technicien expert / Technicienne experte après-vente de véhicules de transport routier | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| I1605 | Mécanicien / Mécanicienne en mécanique marine ou navale | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7401 | Mecánicos y ajustadores de vehículos de motor | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 25212 | Berufe in der Kraftfahrzeugtechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 25182 | Berufe in der Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 553 | 自動車整備・修理従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources