- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-9044.00
Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.17
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 22 hidden tasks23 rated tasks · 1 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (4.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Troubleshoot equipment, electrical components, hydraulics, or other mechanical systems.49-9044.00 | 0.0400100.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Install robot and modify its program, using teach pendant.O*NET Task ID 3059 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (23)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Replace defective parts of machine, or adjust clearances and alignment of moving parts. | Core |
| Connect power unit to machines or steam piping to equipment, and test unit to evaluate its mechanical operation. | Core |
| Assemble and install equipment, using hand tools and power tools. | Core |
| Position steel beams to support bedplates of machines and equipment, using blueprints and schematic drawings to determine work procedures. | Core |
| Signal crane operator to lower basic assembly units to bedplate, and align unit to centerline. | Core |
| Insert shims, adjust tension on nuts and bolts, or position parts, using hand tools and measuring instruments, to set specified clearances between moving and stationary parts. | Core |
| Move machinery and equipment, using hoists, dollies, rollers, and trucks. | Core |
| Attach moving parts and subassemblies to basic assembly unit, using hand tools and power tools. | Core |
| Assemble machines, and bolt, weld, rivet, or otherwise fasten them to foundation or other structures, using hand tools and power tools. | Core |
| Lay out mounting holes, using measuring instruments, and drill holes with power drill. | Core |
| Bolt parts, such as side and deck plates, jaw plates, and journals, to basic assembly unit. | Core |
| Level bedplate and establish centerline, using straightedge, levels, and transit. | Core |
| Dismantle machines, using hammers, wrenches, crowbars, and other hand tools. | Core |
| Shrink-fit bushings, sleeves, rings, liners, gears, and wheels to specified items, using portable gas heating equipment. | Core |
| Dismantle machinery and equipment for shipment to installation site, performing installation and maintenance work as part of team. | Core |
| Construct foundation for machines, using hand tools and building materials such as wood, cement, and steel. | Core |
| Operate engine lathe to grind, file, and turn machine parts to dimensional specifications. | Core |
| Conduct preventative maintenance and repair, and lubricate machines and equipment. | Core |
| Weld, repair, and fabricate equipment or machinery. | Core |
| Fabricate and dismantle parts, equipment, and machines, using a cutting torch or other cutting equipment. | Core |
| Troubleshoot equipment, electrical components, hydraulics, or other mechanical systems. | Core |
| Align machines or equipment, using hoists, jacks, hand tools, squares, rules, micrometers, lasers, or plumb bobs. | Core |
| Install robot and modify its program, using teach pendant. | Supplemental |
0.66/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Replace defective parts of machine, or adjust clearances and alignment of moving parts. | E0 none |
| Connect power unit to machines or steam piping to equipment, and test unit to evaluate its mechanical operation. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assemble and install equipment, using hand tools and power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Position steel beams to support bedplates of machines and equipment, using blueprints and schematic drawings to determine work procedures. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Signal crane operator to lower basic assembly units to bedplate, and align unit to centerline. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Insert shims, adjust tension on nuts and bolts, or position parts, using hand tools and measuring instruments, to set specified clearances between moving and stationary parts. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Move machinery and equipment, using hoists, dollies, rollers, and trucks. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Attach moving parts and subassemblies to basic assembly unit, using hand tools and power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assemble machines, and bolt, weld, rivet, or otherwise fasten them to foundation or other structures, using hand tools and power tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Lay out mounting holes, using measuring instruments, and drill holes with power drill. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Bolt parts, such as side and deck plates, jaw plates, and journals, to basic assembly unit. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Level bedplate and establish centerline, using straightedge, levels, and transit. | E0 none |
| Dismantle machines, using hammers, wrenches, crowbars, and other hand tools. | E0 none |
| Shrink-fit bushings, sleeves, rings, liners, gears, and wheels to specified items, using portable gas heating equipment. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Dismantle machinery and equipment for shipment to installation site, performing installation and maintenance work as part of team. | E0 none |
| Construct foundation for machines, using hand tools and building materials such as wood, cement, and steel. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Operate engine lathe to grind, file, and turn machine parts to dimensional specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Conduct preventative maintenance and repair, and lubricate machines and equipment. | E0 none |
| Weld, repair, and fabricate equipment or machinery. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fabricate and dismantle parts, equipment, and machines, using a cutting torch or other cutting equipment. | E0 none |
| Troubleshoot equipment, electrical components, hydraulics, or other mechanical systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Align machines or equipment, using hoists, jacks, hand tools, squares, rules, micrometers, lasers, or plumb bobs. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install robot and modify its program, using teach pendant. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 41K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 41K
- Change (2025–35)
- +0.9%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $65,700
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75320 | 공업기계 설치 및 정비원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7233Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers fit, install, examine, service and repair engines, agricultural and industrial machinery and mechanical equipment, except motor vehicle, aircraft and electric motors.
Tasks
- (a) fitting, installing, examining, servicing and repairing engines, machinery and mechanical equipment;
- (b) oiling and greasing stationary engines and machinery;
- (c) inspecting and testing new machinery and mechanical equipment for conformity with standards and specifications;
- (d) disassembling machinery and equipment to remove parts and make repairs;
- (e) examining parts for defects such as breakage and excessive wear;
- (f) operating newly repaired machinery and equipment to verify the adequacy of repairs;
- (g) recording repairs and maintenance performed.
Example occupations
Construction machinery mechanic · Construction machinery repairer · Farm machinery repairer · Mining machinery fitter · Mining machinery repairer · Stationary engine fitter · Stationary engine repairer · Train engine fitter · Train engine repairer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- industrial machinery mechanicESCO 7233.7This occupation is narrower
Industrial machinery mechanics work on new machinery and equipment in operation. They set up for the specific application and build accessories if necessary, perform maintenance and repair, and run diagnostics to find faults in systems or parts that need replacing.
- boat riggerESCO 7215.2.1Overlapping, not the same
Boat riggers use hand and power tools to install motors, gauges, controls and accessories such as batteries, lights, fuel tanks and ignition switches. They also perform pre-delivery inspections.
- crane technicianESCO 7233.2Overlapping, not the same
Crane technicians assemble industrial and harbor cranes components. They install conveyors and controls. Crane technicians perform the final assembly on site and maintain and repair cranes.
- ground riggerESCO 7215.2.2Overlapping, not the same
Ground riggers assist level riggers assembling temporary suspension structures to support performance equipment. Their work is based on instruction and plans. They work indoor as well as outdoor. They cooperate closely with high riggers. \
- high riggerESCO 7215.2.3Overlapping, not the same
High riggers assemble and hoist temporary suspension structures on heights to support performance equipment. Their work is based on instruction, plans and calculations. Their job can include rope access, working above colleagues, assemble constructions to lift performers and lifting heavy loads, which makes it a high risk occupation. They work indoor as well as outdoor. They cooperate with ground riggers to unload and assemble constructions on ground level.
- riggerESCO 7215.2Overlapping, not the same
Riggers specialise in the lifting of heavy objects, often helped by a crane or derrick. They work with crane operators to attach and detach crane loads. They may also install the heavy object in place.
- rotating equipment mechanicESCO 7233.13Overlapping, not the same
Rotating equipment mechanics are responsible for preventive and corrective maintenance activities for rotating equipment such as turbines, compressors, engines, and pumps. They ensure the availability and integrity of the installed systems and equipment in terms of safety and reliability.
- shipwrightESCO 7214.2Overlapping, not the same
Shipwrights build and repair small type of water vessels from pleasure craft to naval vessels. They prepare preliminary sketches and create templates. They use hand and power tools to construct smaller boat themselves or supervise a team of shipbuilders. They also construct cradles and slipways for the ship’s construction, transportation, launching and slipping. Depending on the vessels, they might work with different materials such as metal, wood, fibreglass, aluminium etc.
- structural ironworkerESCO 7214.3Overlapping, not the same
Structural ironworker in construction install iron elements into structures. They erect steel frameworks for buildings, bridges and other construction projects. They set metal rods, or rebar, to form reinforced concrete.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| I1324 | Technicien / Technicienne d'installation d'équipements industriels | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| I1310 | Mécanicien / Mécanicienne de maintenance industrielle | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| I1333 | Chef / Cheffe d'équipe d'installation industrielle | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7403 | Mecánicos y ajustadores de maquinaria agrícola e industrial | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 25102 | Berufe in der Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 541 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具組立従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources