Locksmiths and Safe Repairers
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-9094.00
Repair and open locks, make keys, change locks and safe combinations, and install and repair safes.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.20
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only14 rated tasks · 1 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (7.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Keep records of company locks and keys.O*NET Task ID 7125 | 1.0 |
Cut new or duplicate keys, using key cutting machines.O*NET Task ID 7124 | 0.0 |
Insert new or repaired tumblers into locks to change combinations.O*NET Task ID 7126 | 0.0 |
Move picklocks in cylinders to open door locks without keys.O*NET Task ID 7127 | 0.0 |
Disassemble mechanical or electrical locking devices, and repair or replace worn tumblers, springs, and other parts, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 7128 | 0.0 |
Repair and adjust safes, vault doors, and vault components, using hand tools, lathes, drill presses, and welding and acetylene cutting apparatus.O*NET Task ID 7129 | 0.0 |
Install safes, vault doors, and deposit boxes according to blueprints, using equipment such as power drills, taps, dies, truck cranes, and dollies.O*NET Task ID 7130 | 0.0 |
Open safe locks by drilling.O*NET Task ID 7131 | 0.0 |
Remove interior and exterior finishes on safes and vaults, and spray on new finishes.O*NET Task ID 7132 | 0.0 |
Cut new or duplicate keys, using impressions or code key machines.O*NET Task ID 18789 | 0.0 |
Set up and maintain master key systems.O*NET Task ID 18790 | 0.0 |
Install door hardware, such as locks and closers.O*NET Task ID 18791 | 0.0 |
Install alarm and electronic access systems.O*NET Task ID 18792 | 0.0 |
Unlock cars and other vehicles.O*NET Task ID 18793 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (14)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Cut new or duplicate keys, using key cutting machines. | Core |
| Keep records of company locks and keys. | Core |
| Insert new or repaired tumblers into locks to change combinations. | Core |
| Move picklocks in cylinders to open door locks without keys. | Core |
| Disassemble mechanical or electrical locking devices, and repair or replace worn tumblers, springs, and other parts, using hand tools. | Core |
| Repair and adjust safes, vault doors, and vault components, using hand tools, lathes, drill presses, and welding and acetylene cutting apparatus. | Core |
| Install safes, vault doors, and deposit boxes according to blueprints, using equipment such as power drills, taps, dies, truck cranes, and dollies. | Core |
| Open safe locks by drilling. | Core |
| Cut new or duplicate keys, using impressions or code key machines. | Core |
| Set up and maintain master key systems. | Core |
| Install door hardware, such as locks and closers. | Core |
| Install alarm and electronic access systems. | Core |
| Unlock cars and other vehicles. | Core |
| Remove interior and exterior finishes on safes and vaults, and spray on new finishes. | Supplemental |
0.49/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Cut new or duplicate keys, using key cutting machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Insert new or repaired tumblers into locks to change combinations. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Move picklocks in cylinders to open door locks without keys. | E0 none |
| Disassemble mechanical or electrical locking devices, and repair or replace worn tumblers, springs, and other parts, using hand tools. | E0 none |
| Repair and adjust safes, vault doors, and vault components, using hand tools, lathes, drill presses, and welding and acetylene cutting apparatus. | E0 none |
| Install safes, vault doors, and deposit boxes according to blueprints, using equipment such as power drills, taps, dies, truck cranes, and dollies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Open safe locks by drilling. | E0 none |
| Cut new or duplicate keys, using impressions or code key machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set up and maintain master key systems. | E0 none |
| Install door hardware, such as locks and closers. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Remove interior and exterior finishes on safes and vaults, and spray on new finishes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install alarm and electronic access systems. | E0 none |
| Unlock cars and other vehicles. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 19K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 17K
- Change (2025–35)
- -11.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $51,320
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 79999 | 그 외 기능 관련 종사원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7222Toolmakers and Related Workers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Toolmakers and related workers make and repair custom-made and specialised tools, sports guns, locks, dies, patterns, machinery components and other metal articles using hand and machine tools to work metal to fine tolerances.
Tasks
- (a) reading and interpreting engineering drawings and specifications of tools, dies, prototypes or models;
- (b) preparing templates and sketches, and determining work processes;
- (c) visualizing and computing dimensions, sizes, shapes and tolerances of assemblies, based on specifications;
- (d) positioning, securing and measuring metal stock or castings to lay out for machining;
- (e) setting up, operating and maintaining conventional and computer numerically controlled machine tools to cut, turn, mill, plane, drill, bore, grind or otherwise shape work pieces to prescribed dimensions and finish;
- (f) fitting and assembling parts to make and repair jigs, fixtures and gauges;
- (g) repairing and modifying sports guns and other small arms;
- (h) making, fitting, assembling, repairing and installing lock parts and locks;
- (i) making and repairing metal patterns for preparation of foundry moulds;
- (j) laying out lines and reference points on metal stock to guide other workers who cut, turn, mill, grind or otherwise shape metal;
- (k) verifying dimensions, alignments and clearances of finished parts for conformity with specifications, using precision measuring instruments and testing completed items for proper operation.
Example occupations
Die maker · Gunsmith · Jig maker · Locksmith · Patternmaker · Toolmaker
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- locksmithESCO 7222.3Same scope
Locksmiths install and repair mechanical and electronic lock systems using specialized tools. They cut and make duplicated keys for their clients and open locked doors in emergency situations. Locksmiths may also provide advice on security measures.
- fitter and turnerESCO 7223.7Overlapping, not the same
Fitters and turners use machine tools to create and modify metal parts according to set specifications in order to fit components for machinery. They ensure the finished components are ready for assembly.
- security alarm technicianESCO 7422.5Overlapping, not the same
Security alarm technicians install and maintain security alarm systems to protect against hazards such as fire and burglary. They install sensors and control systems and connect them to power and telecommunication lines if required. Security alarm technicians explain usage of the installed systems to the prospective users.
- tool grinderESCO 7224.2Overlapping, not the same
Tool grinder perform precision grinding processes on metal objects and tools. They grind, sharpen or smoothen metal surfaces using the appropriate tools and instruments. Tool grinders follow tooling instructions and assure the processed workpiece meets the necessary specifications.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1614 | Poseur / Poseuse en fermetures de bâtiment | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| I1314 | Monteur installateur / Monteuse installatrice d'équipements connectés | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7322 | Trabajadores de la fabricación de herramientas, mecánico-ajustadores, modelistas, matriceros y afines | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 53183 | Berufe in Objekt-, Personen-, Brandschutz, Arbeitssicherheit (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| 24412 | Berufe im Metallbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 551 | はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources