Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 51-7042.00
Set up, operate, or tend woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.22
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only26 rated tasks · 3 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (11.5%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Set up, program, or control computer-aided design (CAD) or computer numerical control (CNC) machines.O*NET Task ID 12292 | 1.0 |
Determine product specifications and materials, work methods, and machine setup requirements, according to blueprints, oral or written instructions, drawings, or work orders.O*NET Task ID 12275 | 0.5 |
Examine raw woodstock for defects and to ensure conformity to size and other specification standards.O*NET Task ID 12291 | 0.5 |
Start machines, adjust controls, and make trial cuts to ensure that machinery is operating properly.O*NET Task ID 12274 | 0.0 |
Feed stock through feed mechanisms or conveyors into planing, shaping, boring, mortising, or sanding machines to produce desired components.O*NET Task ID 12276 | 0.0 |
Adjust machine tables or cutting devices and set controls on machines to produce specified cuts or operations.O*NET Task ID 12277 | 0.0 |
Monitor operation of machines and make adjustments to correct problems and ensure conformance to specifications.O*NET Task ID 12278 | 0.0 |
Set up, program, operate, or tend computerized or manual woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, or wood-nailing machines.O*NET Task ID 12279 | 0.0 |
Select knives, saws, blades, cutter heads, cams, bits, or belts, according to workpiece, machine functions, or product specifications.O*NET Task ID 12280 | 0.0 |
Examine finished workpieces for smoothness, shape, angle, depth-of-cut, or conformity to specifications and verify dimensions, visually and using hands, rules, calipers, templates, or gauges.O*NET Task ID 12281 | 0.0 |
Install and adjust blades, cutterheads, boring-bits, or sanding-belts, using hand tools and rules.O*NET Task ID 12282 | 0.0 |
Inspect and mark completed workpieces and stack them on pallets, in boxes, or on conveyors so that they can be moved to the next workstation.O*NET Task ID 12283 | 0.0 |
Push or hold workpieces against, under, or through cutting, boring, or shaping mechanisms.O*NET Task ID 12284 | 0.0 |
Change alignment and adjustment of sanding, cutting, or boring machine guides to prevent defects in finished products, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 12285 | 0.0 |
Inspect pulleys, drive belts, guards, or fences on machines to ensure that machines will operate safely.O*NET Task ID 12286 | 0.0 |
Remove and replace worn parts, bits, belts, sandpaper, or shaping tools.O*NET Task ID 12287 | 0.0 |
Secure woodstock against a guide or in a holding device, place woodstock on a conveyor, or dump woodstock in a hopper to feed woodstock into machines.O*NET Task ID 12288 | 0.0 |
Clean or maintain products, machines, or work areas.O*NET Task ID 12289 | 0.0 |
Attach and adjust guides, stops, clamps, chucks, or feed mechanisms, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 12290 | 0.0 |
Operate gluing machines to glue pieces of wood together, or to press and affix wood veneer to wood surfaces.O*NET Task ID 12293 | 0.0 |
Sharpen knives, bits, or other cutting or shaping tools.O*NET Task ID 12294 | 0.0 |
Trim wood parts according to specifications, using planes, chisels, or wood files or sanders.O*NET Task ID 12295 | 0.0 |
Unclamp workpieces and remove them from machines.O*NET Task ID 12296 | 0.0 |
Start machines and move levers to engage hydraulic lifts that press woodstocks into desired forms and disengage lifts after appropriate drying times.O*NET Task ID 12297 | 0.0 |
Control hoists to remove parts or products from work stations.O*NET Task ID 12298 | 0.0 |
Grease or oil woodworking machines.O*NET Task ID 20823 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Start machines, adjust controls, and make trial cuts to ensure that machinery is operating properly. | Core |
| Determine product specifications and materials, work methods, and machine setup requirements, according to blueprints, oral or written instructions, drawings, or work orders. | Core |
| Feed stock through feed mechanisms or conveyors into planing, shaping, boring, mortising, or sanding machines to produce desired components. | Core |
| Adjust machine tables or cutting devices and set controls on machines to produce specified cuts or operations. | Core |
| Monitor operation of machines and make adjustments to correct problems and ensure conformance to specifications. | Core |
| Set up, program, operate, or tend computerized or manual woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, or wood-nailing machines. | Core |
| Select knives, saws, blades, cutter heads, cams, bits, or belts, according to workpiece, machine functions, or product specifications. | Core |
| Examine finished workpieces for smoothness, shape, angle, depth-of-cut, or conformity to specifications and verify dimensions, visually and using hands, rules, calipers, templates, or gauges. | Core |
| Install and adjust blades, cutterheads, boring-bits, or sanding-belts, using hand tools and rules. | Core |
| Inspect and mark completed workpieces and stack them on pallets, in boxes, or on conveyors so that they can be moved to the next workstation. | Core |
| Push or hold workpieces against, under, or through cutting, boring, or shaping mechanisms. | Core |
| Change alignment and adjustment of sanding, cutting, or boring machine guides to prevent defects in finished products, using hand tools. | Core |
| Inspect pulleys, drive belts, guards, or fences on machines to ensure that machines will operate safely. | Core |
| Remove and replace worn parts, bits, belts, sandpaper, or shaping tools. | Core |
| Secure woodstock against a guide or in a holding device, place woodstock on a conveyor, or dump woodstock in a hopper to feed woodstock into machines. | Core |
| Clean or maintain products, machines, or work areas. | Core |
| Attach and adjust guides, stops, clamps, chucks, or feed mechanisms, using hand tools. | Core |
| Examine raw woodstock for defects and to ensure conformity to size and other specification standards. | Core |
| Trim wood parts according to specifications, using planes, chisels, or wood files or sanders. | Core |
| Grease or oil woodworking machines. | Core |
| Set up, program, or control computer-aided design (CAD) or computer numerical control (CNC) machines. | Supplemental |
| Operate gluing machines to glue pieces of wood together, or to press and affix wood veneer to wood surfaces. | Supplemental |
| Unclamp workpieces and remove them from machines. | Supplemental |
| Start machines and move levers to engage hydraulic lifts that press woodstocks into desired forms and disengage lifts after appropriate drying times. | Supplemental |
| Control hoists to remove parts or products from work stations. | Supplemental |
0.99/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Start machines, adjust controls, and make trial cuts to ensure that machinery is operating properly. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Feed stock through feed mechanisms or conveyors into planing, shaping, boring, mortising, or sanding machines to produce desired components. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Adjust machine tables or cutting devices and set controls on machines to produce specified cuts or operations. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Monitor operation of machines and make adjustments to correct problems and ensure conformance to specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set up, program, operate, or tend computerized or manual woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, or wood-nailing machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Select knives, saws, blades, cutter heads, cams, bits, or belts, according to workpiece, machine functions, or product specifications. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Examine finished workpieces for smoothness, shape, angle, depth-of-cut, or conformity to specifications and verify dimensions, visually and using hands, rules, calipers, templates, or gauges. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Install and adjust blades, cutterheads, boring-bits, or sanding-belts, using hand tools and rules. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect and mark completed workpieces and stack them on pallets, in boxes, or on conveyors so that they can be moved to the next workstation. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Push or hold workpieces against, under, or through cutting, boring, or shaping mechanisms. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Change alignment and adjustment of sanding, cutting, or boring machine guides to prevent defects in finished products, using hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect pulleys, drive belts, guards, or fences on machines to ensure that machines will operate safely. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Remove and replace worn parts, bits, belts, sandpaper, or shaping tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Secure woodstock against a guide or in a holding device, place woodstock on a conveyor, or dump woodstock in a hopper to feed woodstock into machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean or maintain products, machines, or work areas. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Attach and adjust guides, stops, clamps, chucks, or feed mechanisms, using hand tools. | E2 structured facilities |
| Examine raw woodstock for defects and to ensure conformity to size and other specification standards. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Trim wood parts according to specifications, using planes, chisels, or wood files or sanders. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Grease or oil woodworking machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Set up, program, or control computer-aided design (CAD) or computer numerical control (CNC) machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Operate gluing machines to glue pieces of wood together, or to press and affix wood veneer to wood surfaces. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Unclamp workpieces and remove them from machines. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Start machines and move levers to engage hydraulic lifts that press woodstocks into desired forms and disengage lifts after appropriate drying times. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Control hoists to remove parts or products from work stations. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 61K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 59K
- Change (2025–35)
- -2.5%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $43,380
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 89119 | 그 외 목재 가공 관련 기계 조작원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7523Woodworking Machine Tool Setters and Operators
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- chipper operatorESCO 8172.1This occupation is broader
Chipper operators tend machines that chip wood into small pieces for use in particle board, for further processing into pulp, or for use in its own right. Wood is fed into the chipper and shredded or crushed using a variety of mechanisms.
- engineered wood board machine operatorESCO 8172.4This occupation is broader
Engineered wood board machine operators work with machines to bond particles or fibres made from wood or cork. Various industrial glues or resins are applied to obtain fibre board, particle board or cork board.
- nailing machine operatorESCO 7523.1This occupation is broader
Nailing machine operators work with machines that nail wooden elements together, usually hydraulically. They put the elements to be nailed in the right position, and monitor the process to prevent downtime.
- planer thicknesser operatorESCO 8172.5.2This occupation is broader
Planer thicknesser operators use machinery to shave wood planks to a uniform thickness. The machine usually planes both sides of the plank in one operation. They feed the plank into the machine carefully to prevent excess planing at the edge known as 'snipe'.
- wood boring machine operatorESCO 7523.2This occupation is broader
Wood boring machine operators use milling machines or specialise boring jigs to cut holes in wood workpieces. Wood boring differs from routing mainly in that the main movement is into the workpiece as opposed to across its surface.
- wood pallet makerESCO 7523.4This occupation is broader
Wood pallet makers create wood pallets for use in storage, shipping and manipulation of goods. Pallet makers operate a machine that takes in usually low-grade softwood planks treated with heat or chemicals and nails them together. The material and shape of the pallets, the treatment methods, and the number and pattern of nails used are all highly standardised to make exchange of used pallets possible.
- wood router operatorESCO 8172.5.5This occupation is broader
Wood router operators work with industrial routers to cut wood into the desired shape. Routers have a routing head that moves over the wood, going up and down to regulate the depth of the incision. Contemporary industrial wood routers usually are computer controlled for extremely fine and consistent results.
- wood treaterESCO 7521.2This occupation is broader
Wood treaters apply treatments to wood to make it resistant to environmental factors like mould, cold, moisture, or staining. Treatments may also contribute to the colour of the wood. Wood treaters may use chemicals, heat, gasses, UV light, or a combination of these to treat wood.
- wooden furniture machine operatorESCO 7523.3This occupation is broader
Wooden furniture machine operators run machines that manufacture wooden furniture parts, according to the established operating procedure. They ensure the machine works smoothly and repair parts if necessary.
- woodturnerESCO 7523.6This occupation is broader
Woodturners use a lathe to remove superfluous material from wood. The lathe turns the workpiece around its axis, as shape tools are used to obtain the desired shape.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H2202 | Conducteur / Conductrice de ligne de production en industrie du bois | Same scopeprovisional |
| H2205 | Opérateur / Opératrice de production en industrie du bois | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| H2203 | Conducteur / Conductrice de machines de fabrication de panneaux à base de bois | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| H2215 | Caissier / Caissière de l'emballage industriel | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7812 | Ajustadores y operadores de máquinas para trabajar la madera | This occupation is narrower |
| 8144 | Operadores de serrerías, de máquinas de fabricación de tableros y de instalaciones afines para el tratamiento de la madera y el corcho | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 22302 | Berufe in der Holzbe- und -verarbeitung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broader |
| 22332 | Berufe in der Produktion von Fertigprodukten aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 22301 | Berufe in der Holzbe- und -verarbeitung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 93332 | Berufe in der Drechslerei und Spielzeugherstellung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 536 | 木・紙製品製造従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 506 | 木・紙製品生産設備制御・監視員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources