Tire Builders
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 51-9197.00
Operate machines to build tires.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.18
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 22 hidden tasks23 rated tasks · 1 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (4.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 3 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Measure tires to determine mold size requirements.O*NET Task ID 14428 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Build semi-raw rubber treads onto buffed tire casings to prepare tires for vulcanization in recapping or retreading processes. | Core |
| Fill cuts and holes in tires, using hot rubber. | Core |
| Trim excess rubber and imperfections during retreading processes. | Core |
| Depress pedals to rotate drums, and wind specified numbers of plies around drums to form tire bodies. | Supplemental |
| Start rollers that bond tread and plies as drums revolve. | Supplemental |
| Inspect worn tires for faults, cracks, cuts, and nail holes, and to determine if tires are suitable for retreading. | Supplemental |
| Cut plies at splice points, and press ends together to form continuous bands. | Supplemental |
| Align treads with guides, start drums to wind treads onto plies, and slice ends. | Supplemental |
| Position ply stitcher rollers and drums according to width of stock, using hand tools and gauges. | Supplemental |
| Wind chafers and breakers onto plies. | Supplemental |
| Pull plies from supply racks, and align plies with edges of drums. | Supplemental |
| Clean and paint completed tires. | Supplemental |
| Fit inner tubes and final layers of rubber onto tires. | Supplemental |
| Rub cement sticks on drum edges to provide adhesive surfaces for plies. | Supplemental |
| Brush or spray solvents onto plies to ensure adhesion, and repeat process as specified, alternating direction of each ply to strengthen tires. | Supplemental |
| Roll hand rollers over rebuilt casings, exerting pressure to ensure adhesion between camelbacks and casings. | Supplemental |
| Measure tires to determine mold size requirements. | Supplemental |
| Depress pedals to collapse drums after processing is complete. | Supplemental |
| Place tires into molds for new tread. | Supplemental |
| Buff tires according to specifications for width and undertread depth. | Supplemental |
1.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Build semi-raw rubber treads onto buffed tire casings to prepare tires for vulcanization in recapping or retreading processes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fill cuts and holes in tires, using hot rubber. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Trim excess rubber and imperfections during retreading processes. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Depress pedals to rotate drums, and wind specified numbers of plies around drums to form tire bodies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Start rollers that bond tread and plies as drums revolve. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Inspect worn tires for faults, cracks, cuts, and nail holes, and to determine if tires are suitable for retreading. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cut plies at splice points, and press ends together to form continuous bands. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Align treads with guides, start drums to wind treads onto plies, and slice ends. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Position ply stitcher rollers and drums according to width of stock, using hand tools and gauges. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Wind chafers and breakers onto plies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Pull plies from supply racks, and align plies with edges of drums. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Clean and paint completed tires. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Fit inner tubes and final layers of rubber onto tires. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Rub cement sticks on drum edges to provide adhesive surfaces for plies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Brush or spray solvents onto plies to ensure adhesion, and repeat process as specified, alternating direction of each ply to strengthen tires. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Roll hand rollers over rebuilt casings, exerting pressure to ensure adhesion between camelbacks and casings. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Measure tires to determine mold size requirements. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Depress pedals to collapse drums after processing is complete. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Place tires into molds for new tread. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Buff tires according to specifications for width and undertread depth. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 20K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 21K
- Change (2025–35)
- +0.8%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $57,390
- Typical education needed for entry
- High school diploma or equivalent
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 83221 | 타이어 생산기 조작원 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- tyre builderESCO 8141.1.7Same scope
Tyre builders build pneumatic tyres from rubber components. They operate machines and handtools.
- tyre fitterESCO 7231.7Overlapping, not the same
Tyre fitters inspect, maintain, repair and fit tyres to vehicles. They advise clients on different tyre and wheel types. Furthermore they balance the tyres, verify that the wheels are aligned correctly and ensure compliance with safety standards and regulations.
- tyre vulcaniserESCO 8141.1.8Overlapping, not the same
Tyre vulcanisers repair tears and holes in castings and treads of tyres by using handtools or machines.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H3204 | Opérateur / Opératrice de production des matières plastiques et du caoutchouc | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| I1630 | Opérateur / Opératrice maintenance pneumatiques Véhicules Utilitaires et Industriels | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 8141 | Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de caucho y derivados de resinas naturales | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 22112 | Berufe in der Reifen- und Vulkanisationstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
| 22101 | Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 538 | ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 508 | ゴム・プラスチック製品生産設備制御・監視員 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources