Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Present and explain proposals, reports, or findings to clients.Details
11-9041
0.063671.6
0.008578.3
Assess project feasibility by analyzing technology, resource needs, and market demand.Details
11-9041
0.00758.4
—0
Administer highway planning, construction, or maintenance.Details
11-9041
0.00576.4
0.002421.7
Direct the engineering of water control, treatment, or distribution projects.Details
11-9041
0.00364.1
—0
Review, recommend, or approve contracts or cost estimates.Details
11-9041
0.00273.0
—0
Prepare budgets, bids, or contracts.Details
11-9041
0.00242.7
—0
Consult or negotiate with clients to prepare project specifications.Details
11-9041
0.00182.0
—0
Confer with management, production, or marketing staff to discuss project specifications or procedures.Details
11-9041
0.00151.7
—0
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Plan or direct the installation, testing, operation, maintenance, or repair of facilities or equipment.Details
O*NET Task ID 1063
0.5
Present and explain proposals, reports, or findings to clients.Details
O*NET Task ID 1070
0.5
Consult or negotiate with clients to prepare project specifications.Details
O*NET Task ID 1071
0.5
Administer highway planning, construction, or maintenance.Details
O*NET Task ID 1073
0.5
Direct the engineering of water control, treatment, or distribution projects.Details
O*NET Task ID 1074
0.5
Develop or implement programs to improve sustainability or reduce the environmental impacts of engineering or architecture activities or operations.Details
O*NET Task ID 19525
0.5
Evaluate environmental regulations or social pressures related to environmental issues to inform strategic or operational decision-making.Details
O*NET Task ID 19526
0.5
Evaluate the environmental impacts of engineering, architecture, or research and development activities.Details
O*NET Task ID 19527
0.5
Identify environmental threats or opportunities associated with the development and launch of new technologies.Details
O*NET Task ID 19528
0.5
Manage the coordination and overall integration of technical activities in architecture or engineering projects.Details
O*NET Task ID 20170
0.5
Direct, review, or approve project design changes.Details
O*NET Task ID 20171
0.5
Prepare budgets, bids, or contracts.Details
O*NET Task ID 20172
0.5
Assess project feasibility by analyzing technology, resource needs, or market demand.Details
O*NET Task ID 20173
0.5
Direct recruitment, placement, and evaluation of architecture or engineering project staff.Details
O*NET Task ID 20174
0.5
Review, recommend, or approve contracts or cost estimates.Details
O*NET Task ID 20175
0.5
Develop or implement policies, standards, or procedures for engineering and technical work.Details
O*NET Task ID 20176
0.5
Perform administrative functions, such as reviewing or writing reports, approving expenditures, enforcing rules, or purchasing of materials or services.Details
O*NET Task ID 20177
0.5
Establish scientific or technical goals within broad outlines provided by top management.Details
O*NET Task ID 20178
0.5
Solicit project support by conferring with officials or providing information to the public.Details
O*NET Task ID 20179
0.5
Plan, direct, or coordinate survey work with other project activities.Details
O*NET Task ID 20180
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Research and Development Managers
Research and development managers plan, direct and coordinate the research and development activities of an enterprise or organization or of enterprises that provide related services to other enterprises and organizations.
Tasks
(a) planning, directing and coordinating research and development activities, in-house or commissioned from external research organizations, to develop new or improved technical processes, products, knowledge, or utilization of materials;
(b) planning the overall research and development programme of an enterprise or organization, specifying goals and budgetary requirements;
(c) leading and managing the activities of research and development staff;
(d) establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources;
(e) establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(f) planning and directing daily operations;
(g) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
(h) representing the enterprise or organization at conventions, seminars and conferences.
Clothing development managers define product concepts that are consistent with target consumer and overall marketing strategy. They receive scientific findings and specifications in order to lead the briefing and implementation of all relevant seasonal and strategic concepts, including distribution by channel, product, colour introductions, and merchandised assortments. They ensure realisation and execution within budget. They manage and execute the product line and category life cycle from concept determination through sales and distribution, contribution in research of market, industry trends to influence category concepts and products.
product development managerESCO 1223.2.1
Product development managers coordinate the development of new products from beginning to end. They receive briefings and start envisioning the new product considering design, technical and cost criteria. They conduct research on market needs and create prototypes of new products for untapped market opportunities. Product development managers also improve and boost technological quality.
games development managerESCO 1223.2.1.3
Games development managers supervise and coordinate the creation, development, distribution, and selling of games. They communicate with manufacturers to ensure the production of games.
insurance product managerESCO 1223.1.1
Insurance product managers set and direct the development of new insurance products, following the product lifecycle policy and the general insurance strategy. They also coordinate the marketing and sales activities related to the specific insurance products of the company. Insurance product managers inform their sales managers (or the sales department) about their newly developed insurance products.
research and development managerESCO 1223.2
Research and development managers coordinate the efforts of scientists, academical researchers, product developers, and market researchers towards the creation of new products, the improvement of current ones or other research activities, including scientific research. They manage and plan research and development activities of an organisation, specify goals and budget requirements and manage the staff.
ICT research managerESCO 1223.2.2.1
ICT research managers plan, manage and monitor research activities and evaluate emerging trends in the information and communication technology field to assess their relevance. They also design and oversee staff training on the use of new technology and recommend ways to implement new products and solutions that will maximise benefits for the organisation.
product managerESCO 1223.1
Product development managers are responsible for managing the lifecycle of a product. They research and develop new products in addition to managing existing ones through market research and strategic planning. Product managers perform marketing and planning activities to increase profits.
leather goods product development managerESCO 1223.2.1.4
Leather goods product development managers coordinate the leather goods design and product development process in order to comply with marketing specifications, deadlines, strategic requirements and policies of the company. They communicate and collaborate with other cross functional teams or professionals involved in leather goods production, such as logistics and marketing, costing, planning, production and quality assurance. They are responsible for the leather goods product collections development which involve activities such as tracking style development, reviewing design specification in order to meet the design vision, the manufacturing environment, and the rent-ability of the companies.
research managerESCO 1223.2.2
Research managers oversee the research and development functions of a research facility or program or university. They support the executive staff, coordinate work activities, and monitor staff and research projects. They may work in a wide array of sectors, such as the chemical, technical and life sciences sector. Research managers can also advise on research and execute research themselves.
footwear product development managerESCO 1223.2.1.2
Footwear product development managers coordinate the footwear design and the product and collection development process in order to comply with design specifications, deadlines, strategic requirements and policies of the company. They track style development and review design specification in order to meet the design vision, the manufacturing environment, and the company’s financial goals.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
경영 및 행정(86) · 사무(72) · 인사(71) · 상담(68) · 경제와 회계(68)
Work environment
건강 및 안전에 대한 책임(98) · 결과에 대한 책임(97) · 외부 고객 대하기(94) · 연설, 발표, 회의하기(92) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(89)
Related occupations
사회복지 관련 관리자 · 초·중·고등학교 교장 및 교감 · 법률·경찰·소방 및 교도 관리자 · 보건 의료 관련 관리자 · 문화·예술 관련 관리자 · 대학교 총장 및 대학학장 · 정보 통신 관련 관리자 · 연구관리자
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +5.5%
Median wage: $171K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
