Computational Linguists

Computer & Mathematical

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.461
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Source dataset
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.49
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 21% score at or above this value.
Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Show 30 hidden tasks

Task	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Prepare appropriate formatting to data sets as requested. 15-2041	0.108615.7	0.362522.3
Evaluate sources of information to determine any limitations in terms of reliability or usability. 15-2041	0.100414.5	0.288217.7
Prepare data for processing by organizing information, checking for any inaccuracies, and adjusting and weighting the raw data. 15-2041	0.087412.6	0.546633.6
Read technical literature and participate in continuing education or professional associations to maintain awareness of current database technology and best practices. 15-2041	0.03555.1	0.00230.1
Write detailed analysis plans and descriptions of analyses and findings for research protocols or reports. 15-2041	0.03424.9	0.02811.7
Report results of statistical analyses, including information in the form of graphs, charts, and tables. 15-2041	0.02894.2	0.02071.3
Write program code to analyze data using statistical analysis software. 15-2041	0.02824.1	0.05053.1
Develop software applications or programming to use for statistical modeling and graphic analysis. 15-2041	0.02733.9	0.01480.9
Develop and test experimental designs, sampling techniques, and analytical methods. 15-2041	0.02713.9	0.00660.4
Process large amounts of data for statistical modeling and graphic analysis, using computers. 15-2041	0.02613.8	0.02301.4
Collect data through surveys or experimentation. 15-2041	0.02343.4	0.02411.5
Identify relationships and trends in data, as well as any factors that could affect the results of research. 15-2041	0.02253.2	0.03952.4
Draw conclusions or make predictions based on data summaries or statistical analyses. 15-2041	0.02253.2	0.03482.1
Prepare data analysis listings and activity, performance, or progress reports. 15-2041	0.01712.5	0.08515.2
Design research projects that apply valid scientific techniques and use information obtained from baselines or historical data to structure uncompromised and efficient analyses. 15-2041	0.01562.2	0.01270.8
Contribute to the compilation, organization, and production of protocols, clinical study reports, regulatory submissions, or other controlled documentation. 15-2041	0.01492.2	0.01180.7
Develop an understanding of fields to which statistical methods are to be applied to determine whether methods and results are appropriate. 15-2041	0.01372.0	0.00330.2
Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, and talk with colleagues to keep abreast of methodological or conceptual developments in fields such as biostatistics, pharmacology, life sciences, and social sciences. 15-2041	0.01351.9	0.00290.2
Prepare articles for publication or presentation at professional conferences. 15-2041	0.01061.5	0.00230.1
Examine theories, such as those of probability and inference, to discover mathematical bases for new or improved methods of obtaining and evaluating numerical data. 15-2041	0.00600.9	0.00210.1
Report results of statistical analyses in peer-reviewed papers and technical manuals. 15-2041	0.00490.7	0.00200.1
Design forms for receiving, processing, or tracking data. 15-2041	0.00430.6	0.00280.2
Evaluate processes and technologies, and suggest revisions to increase productivity and efficiency. 15-2041	0.00430.6	—0
Process clinical data, including receipt, entry, verification, or filing of information. 15-2041	0.00290.4	0.04672.9
Develop or select specific software programs for various research scenarios. 15-2041	0.00280.4	—0
Plan or direct research studies related to life sciences. 15-2041	0.00270.4	0.00170.1
Write research proposals or grant applications for submission to external bodies. 15-2041	0.00250.4	—0
Analyze clinical data using appropriate statistical tools. 15-2041	0.00240.3	0.00160.1
Prepare tables and graphs to present clinical data or results. 15-2041	0.00170.2	—0
Apply research or simulation results to extend biological theory or recommend new research projects. 15-2041	0.00170.2	—0
Perform quality control audits to ensure accuracy, completeness, or proper usage of clinical systems and data.	—0	0.00260.2
Provide support and information to functional areas such as marketing, clinical monitoring, and medical affairs.	—0	0.00190.1
Analyze archival data such as birth, death, and disease records.	—0	0.00170.1
Analyze clinical or survey data using statistical approaches such as longitudinal analysis, mixed effect modeling, logistic regression analyses, and model building techniques.	—0	0.00160.1
Show 24 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Prepare appropriate formatting to data sets as requested. O*NET Task ID 16268	1.0
Develop technical specifications for data management programming and communicate needs to information technology staff. O*NET Task ID 16270	1.0
Develop or select specific software programs for various research scenarios. O*NET Task ID 16271	1.0
Write work instruction manuals, data capture guidelines, or standard operating procedures. O*NET Task ID 16273	1.0
Design and validate clinical databases, including designing or testing logic checks. O*NET Task ID 16281	1.0
Design forms for receiving, processing, or tracking data. O*NET Task ID 16286	1.0
Read technical literature and participate in continuing education or professional associations to maintain awareness of current database technology and best practices. O*NET Task ID 16266	0.5
Provide support and information to functional areas such as marketing, clinical monitoring, and medical affairs. O*NET Task ID 16267	0.5
Evaluate processes and technologies, and suggest revisions to increase productivity and efficiency. O*NET Task ID 16269	0.5
Contribute to the compilation, organization, and production of protocols, clinical study reports, regulatory submissions, or other controlled documentation. O*NET Task ID 16272	0.5
Track the flow of work forms, including in-house data flow or electronic forms transfer. O*NET Task ID 16274	0.5
Train staff on technical procedures or software program usage. O*NET Task ID 16275	0.5
Supervise the work of data management project staff. O*NET Task ID 16276	0.5
Prepare data analysis listings and activity, performance, or progress reports. O*NET Task ID 16277	0.5
Perform quality control audits to ensure accuracy, completeness, or proper usage of clinical systems and data. O*NET Task ID 16278	0.5
Monitor work productivity or quality to ensure compliance with standard operating procedures. O*NET Task ID 16279	0.5
Generate data queries, based on validation checks or errors and omissions identified during data entry, to resolve identified problems. O*NET Task ID 16280	0.5
Confer with end users to define or implement clinical system requirements such as data release formats, delivery schedules, and testing protocols. O*NET Task ID 16282	0.5
Analyze clinical data using appropriate statistical tools. O*NET Task ID 16283	0.5
Process clinical data, including receipt, entry, verification, or filing of information. O*NET Task ID 16284	0.5
Develop project-specific data management plans that address areas such as coding, reporting, or transfer of data, database locks, and work flow processes. O*NET Task ID 16285	0.5
Show 11 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information

ILO

ESCO occupational vocabulary

integration engineerESCO 2511.16
Integration engineers develop and implement solutions which coordinate applications across the enterprise or its units and departments. They evaluate existing components or systems to determine integration requirements and ensure that the final solutions meet organisational needs. They reuse components when possible and assist management in taking decisions. They perform ICT system integration troubleshooting.
embedded system designerESCO 2511.4
Embedded system designers translate and design requirements and the high-level plan or architecture of an embedded control system according to technical software specifications.
green ICT consultantESCO 2511.6
Green ICT consultants advise organisations on their green ICT strategy and its implementation in the most effective and efficient manner to allow the organisation to reach their short, mid, and long term ICT environmental objectives.
data scientistESCO 2511.3
Data scientists find and interpret rich data sources, manage large amounts of data, merge data sources, ensure consistency of data-sets, and create visualisations to aid in understanding data. They build mathematical models using data, present and communicate data insights and findings to specialists and scientists in their team and if required, to a non-expert audience, and recommend ways to apply the data.
enterprise architectESCO 2511.5
Enterprise architects balance technological opportunities with business requirements. They also maintain a holistic view of the organisation's strategy, processes, information and ICT assets and link the business mission, strategy and processes to the ICT strategy.
ICT intelligent systems designerESCO 2511.10
ICT intelligent systems designers apply methods of artificial intelligence in engineering, robotics and computer science to design programs which simulate intelligence including thinking models, cognitive and knowledge-based systems, problem solving, and decision making. They also integrate structured knowledge into computer systems (ontologies, knowledge bases) in order to solve complex problems normally requiring a high level of human expertise or artificial intelligence methods.
ICT business analysis managerESCO 2511.7
ICT business analysis managers identify areas where information system changes are needed to support business plans and monitor the impact in terms of change management. They contribute to the general ICT functional requirements of the business organisation. ICT business analysis managers analyse business needs and translate them into ICT solutions.
ICT research consultantESCO 2511.11
ICT research consultants perform targeted ICT research and provide a final report to the client. They also use ICT tools to design questionnaires for surveys, analyse the results, write reports, present the results and make recommendations based on the research findings.
ICT system analystESCO 2511.12
ICT system analysts specify the system needs to meet the end user requirements. They analyse system functions in order to define their goals or purposes and to discover operations and procedures for accomplishing them most efficiently. They also design new IT solutions to improve business efficiency and productivity, produce outline designs and estimate costs of new systems, specify the operations the system will perform, and the way data will be viewed by the end user. They present the design to the users and work closely with the users to implement the solution.
ICT system developerESCO 2511.14
ICT system developers maintain, audit and improve organisational support systems. They use existing or new technologies to meet particular needs. They test both hardware and software system components, diagnose and resolve system faults.
ICT consultantESCO 2511.9
ICT consultants provide advice on how to optimise the use of existing tools and systems, make recommendations for the development and implementation of a business project or technological solution and contribute to project definitions. They raise awareness on information technology innovations and their potential value to a business. They also participate in the assessment and choice of ICT solutions.
ICT system integration consultantESCO 2511.15
ICT system integration consultants advise on bringing together different systems to interoperate within an organisation for enabling data sharing and reducing redundancy.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

KEIS2025

Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.

컴퓨터시스템설계 및 분석가KNOW K000000856
Job outlook: 증가(17%) 현상유지(13%) 감소(70%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 5.675K average(50%) 7.75K upper(25%) 9.65K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 70.6
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -기업체, 대학교, 병원, 정부기관 등으로부터 시스템 구축 의뢰가 들어오면 새로운 시스템이 수행해야 할 기능과 특성, 데이터베이스 성격, 비용 등을 종합적으로 분석한다.
- -분석내용을 바탕으로 구축해야 할 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어, 소요기간 등을 산정하고 시스템 설계안을 기획한다.
- -시스템 설계 시 생산성을 극대화하기 위하여 고객의 요구사항을 체계적으로 반영하고, 컴퓨터프로그래머, 데이터베이스관리자, 컴퓨터보안전문가 등과 협의한다.
- -시스템 설계안에 제시된 기능이 제대로 구현되고, 일정에 맞춰 시스템 구축이 완료될 수 있도록 관리한다.
- -데이터베이스를 분석하고, 소프트웨어 튜닝을 실시하여 컴퓨터시스템의 환경을 최적화시킨다.
- -개발된 시스템이 안정적으로 운용되는지 시험하고 문제점이 발견되면 수정작업을 한다.
- -개발된 시스템을 운용하는 데 필요한 사용자 교육이나 기술평가를 하기도 한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
전산(97) · 기술 설계(96) · 논리적 분석(94) · 행동조정(93) · 기술 분석(93)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(94) · 통신(85) · 공학과 기술(82) · 영어(74) · 안전과 보안(70)
Work environment
재택근무(89) · 이메일 이용하기(89) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(86) · 앉아서 근무(86) · 의사결정 권한(82)
Related occupations
정보통신컨설턴트 및 감리원
정보통신컨설턴트 및 감리원KNOW K000001085
Job outlook: 증가(13%) 현상유지(37%) 감소(50%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 5.6K average(50%) 7.6K upper(25%) 10.25K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 69.9
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -고객의 사업 비전과 부합되는 최적의 정보시스템을 구축함에 있어서 기술적, 운영적, 관리적 방안을 자문하고 제시한다.
- -데이터베이스 컨설턴트는 데이터베이스 시스템의 분석, 설계, 구축과 튜닝에 관련된 기술적 운영 관리적 측면에서의 컨설팅서비스를 제공한다.
- -네트워크 컨설턴트는 네트워크시스템의 분석, 설계, 구축과 운영 관리 등에 관한 기술적 운영 관리적 측면에서의 컨설팅서비스를 제공한다.
- -정보보안 컨설턴트는 인터넷으로부터의 정보보안에 관한 기술적 및 운영 관리적 측면에서의 컨설팅서비스를 제공한다.
- -웹컨설턴트는 웹과 관련된 다양한 기술과 마케팅 기법들에 대해 지식을 가지고, 기업이 웹을 이용하여 어떠한 업무를 하는 것이 적합한지에 대한 컨설팅부터 운영 중인 웹사이트의 문제점과 개선방향 등을 지적해주는 업무를 한다.
- -응용시스템 컨설턴트는 특정의 응용시스템(ERP, CRM 등)의 구축에 대한 컨설팅서비스를 전문으로 담당한다.
- -컴퓨터시스템감리전문가는 정보위험요소를 사전에 최소화 시키고, 정보시스템의 개발, 구축, 운영에 관한 사항을 점검하고 평가한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
전산(99) · 조직체계의 분석 및 평가(98) · 기술 설계(98) · 기술 분석(98) · 문제 해결(97)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(94) · 통신(88) · 공학과 기술(85) · 법(81) · 영어(77)
Work environment
연설, 발표, 회의하기(90) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(88) · 이메일 이용하기(87) · 재택근무(87) · 외부 고객 대하기(87)
Related occupations
컴퓨터시스템설계 및 분석가

The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

AI exposure

Task-level exposure

Occupation information

ILO occupational description

ESCO occupational vocabulary