Data Warehouse Architects

Computer & Mathematical

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.579
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Source dataset
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.55
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 12% score at or above this value.
Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Show 141 hidden tasks

Task	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Write new programs or modify existing programs to meet customer requirements, using current programming languages and technologies. 15-1199	3.672938.5	3.472222.7
Provide feedback and recommendations to developers on software usability and functionality. 15-1199	0.41494.4	0.49653.2
Determine sources of web page or server problems, and take action to correct such problems. 15-1199	0.39964.2	0.22081.4
Test programs or databases, correct errors, and make necessary modifications. 15-1141	0.37523.9	2.133613.9
Review software documentation to ensure technical accuracy, compliance, or completeness, or to mitigate risks. 15-1199	0.33323.5	2.414115.8
Develop transactional Web applications, using Web programming software and knowledge of programming languages, such as hypertext markup language (HTML) and extensible markup language (XML). 15-1199	0.27832.9	0.13160.9
Modify existing databases and database management systems or direct programmers and analysts to make changes. 15-1141	0.23392.5	0.16421.1
Consult with multiple stakeholders to define requirements and implement online features. 15-1199	0.20422.1	0.08160.5
Perform initial debugging procedures by reviewing configuration files, logs, or code pieces to determine breakdown source. 15-1199	0.17401.8	0.38842.5
Search electronic sources, such as databases or repositories, or manual sources for information. 15-1199	0.16851.8	0.15241.0
Configure servers to meet functional specifications. 15-1199	0.16611.7	0.15381.0
Design databases to support business applications, ensuring system scalability, security, performance and reliability. 15-1199	0.15501.6	0.07380.5
Provide technical guidance or support for the development or troubleshooting of systems. 15-1199	0.15321.6	0.01480.1
Document software defects, using a bug tracking system, and report defects to software developers. 15-1199	0.13321.4	0.75794.9
Develop application-specific software. 15-1199	0.12671.3	0.16031.0
Complete models and simulations, using manual or automated tools, to analyze or predict system performance under different operating conditions. 15-1199	0.12621.3	0.03210.2
Evaluate or recommend server hardware or software. 15-1199	0.12391.3	0.06100.4
Determine supplementary virtual features, such as currency, item catalog, menu design, and audio direction. 15-1199	0.11771.2	0.20811.4
Demonstrate database technical functionality, such as performance, security and reliability. 15-1199	0.10361.1	0.03580.2
Design database applications, such as interfaces, data transfer mechanisms, global temporary tables, data partitions, and function-based indexes to enable efficient access of the generic database structure. 15-1199	0.10181.1	0.04380.3
Develop methods for integrating different products so they work properly together such as customizing commercial databases to fit specific needs. 15-1141	0.09681.0	—0
Develop or implement procedures for ongoing web site revision. 15-1199	0.09611.0	0.11000.7
Perform security analyses of developed or packaged software components. 15-1199	0.06900.7	1.05006.9
Evaluate or recommend software for testing or bug tracking. 15-1199	0.06770.7	0.03140.2
Identify, evaluate and recommend hardware or software technologies to achieve desired database performance. 15-1199	0.05670.6	0.02480.2
Collaborate with system architects, software architects, design analysts, and others to understand business or industry requirements. 15-1199	0.05560.6	0.03860.3
Create supporting documentation, such as metadata and diagrams of entity relationships, business processes, and process flow. 15-1199	0.05430.6	0.05500.4
Identify methods for interfacing Web application technologies with enterprise resource planning or other system software. 15-1199	0.05210.5	0.04560.3
Develop database architectural strategies at the modeling, design and implementation stages to address business or industry requirements. 15-1199	0.05070.5	0.02110.1
Develop data model describing data elements and how they are used, following procedures and using pen, template or computer software. 15-1141	0.04390.5	0.05110.3
Document and communicate database schemas, using accepted notations. 15-1199	0.04350.5	0.06890.4
Develop or document style guidelines for web site content. 15-1199	0.04310.5	0.03460.2
Develop standards and guidelines to guide the use and acquisition of software and to protect vulnerable information. 15-1141	0.04070.4	0.06910.5
Develop and document database architectures. 15-1199	0.03890.4	0.02210.1
Collect business intelligence data from available industry reports, public information, field reports, or purchased sources. 15-1199	0.03820.4	0.20681.4
Develop data models for applications, metadata tables, views or related database structures. 15-1199	0.03570.4	0.02270.1
Identify, standardize, and communicate levels of access and security. 15-1199	0.03480.4	0.06720.4
Review procedures in database management system manuals for making changes to database. 15-1141	0.03410.4	0.02430.2
Generate standard or custom reports summarizing business, financial, or economic data for review by executives, managers, clients, and other stakeholders. 15-1199	0.03230.3	0.05690.4
Develop system engineering, software engineering, system integration, or distributed system architectures. 15-1199	0.02890.3	0.00650.0
Design or develop automated testing tools. 15-1199	0.02710.3	0.10470.7
Create content strategies for digital media. 15-1199	0.02700.3	0.01630.1
Collaborate with web, multimedia, or art design staffs to create multimedia Web sites or other internet content that conforms to brand and company visual format. 15-1199	0.02620.3	0.02800.2
Create business intelligence tools or systems, including design of related databases, spreadsheets, or outputs. 15-1199	0.02550.3	0.04010.3
Plan, coordinate and implement security measures to safeguard information in computer files against accidental or unauthorized damage, modification or disclosure. 15-1141	0.02500.3	0.02840.2
Provide guidelines for implementing secure systems to customers or installation teams. 15-1199	0.02500.3	0.00610.0
Prepare project status reports by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing information and trends. 15-1199	0.02430.3	0.03550.2
Provide or coordinate troubleshooting support for data warehouses. 15-1199	0.02430.3	0.01190.1
Develop or configure document management system features, such as user interfaces, access profiles, and document workflow procedures. 15-1199	0.02410.3	0.03870.3
Write and code logical and physical database descriptions and specify identifiers of database to management system or direct others in coding descriptions. 15-1141	0.02390.3	0.00680.0
Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications. 15-1199	0.02290.2	0.00510.0
Develop and implement data extraction procedures from other systems, such as administration, billing, or claims. 15-1199	0.02260.2	0.03110.2
Analyze, interpret, or disseminate system performance data. 15-1199	0.02060.2	0.08200.5
Document technical functions and specifications for new or proposed content management systems. 15-1199	0.02020.2	0.00480.0
Review or update web page content or links in a timely manner, using appropriate tools. 15-1199	0.01950.2	0.07450.5
Create, analyze, report, convert, or transfer data, using specialized applications program software. 15-1199	0.01800.2	0.14631.0
Coordinate with developers to optimize Web site architecture, server configuration, or page construction for search engine consumption and optimal visibility. 15-1199	0.01800.2	0.01470.1
Perform ongoing hardware and software maintenance operations, including installing or upgrading hardware or software. 15-1199	0.01710.2	0.01080.1
Design and implement warehouse database structures. 15-1199	0.01690.2	0.01310.1
Create visual representations of geospatial data using complex procedures, such as analytical modeling, three-dimensional renderings, or plot creation. 15-1199	0.01650.2	0.00360.0
Provide technical support to junior staff or clients. 15-1199	0.01500.2	0.00470.0
Prepare functional or technical documentation for data warehouses. 15-1199	0.01470.2	0.00250.0
Monitor systems for intrusions or denial of service attacks, and report security breaches to appropriate personnel. 15-1199	0.01440.2	0.06380.4
Implement web site security measures, such as firewalls or message encryption. 15-1199	0.01270.1	0.00410.0
Synthesize current business intelligence or trend data to support recommendations for action. 15-1199	0.01260.1	0.01010.1
Analyze competitive market strategies through analysis of related product, market, or share trends. 15-1199	0.01240.1	0.00400.0
Provide advice on project costs, design concepts, or design changes. 15-1199	0.01220.1	0.00150.0
Optimize shopping cart experience or Web site conversion rates against Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). 15-1199	0.01210.1	0.03500.2
Specify users and user access levels for each segment of database. 15-1141	0.01160.1	0.00700.0
Identify and analyze industry or geographic trends with business strategy implications. 15-1199	0.01140.1	0.00230.0
Document, design, code, or test Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models, internet mapping solutions, or other applications. 15-1199	0.01110.1	0.00850.1
Identify system data, hardware, or software components required to meet user needs. 15-1199	0.01080.1	0.01030.1
Provide technical support for computer-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping software. 15-1199	0.01060.1	0.00200.0
Execute or manage social media campaigns to inform search marketing tactics. 15-1199	0.01050.1	0.01300.1
Map data between source systems, data warehouses, and data marts. 15-1199	0.00980.1	0.03220.2
Plan and install upgrades of database management system software to enhance database performance. 15-1199	0.00970.1	0.00550.0
Develop or update project plans for information technology projects including information such as project objectives, technologies, systems, information specifications, schedules, funding, and staffing. 15-1199	0.00950.1	0.00500.0
Test system modifications to prepare for implementation. 15-1199	0.00930.1	0.17351.1
Develop or maintain standards, such as organization, structure, or nomenclature, for the design of data warehouse elements, such as data architectures, models, tools, and databases. 15-1199	0.00830.1	0.00860.1
Disseminate information regarding tools, reports, or metadata enhancements. 15-1199	0.00780.1	0.01170.1
Evaluate existing systems to determine effectiveness and suggest changes to meet organizational requirements. 15-1199	0.00770.1	0.00510.0
Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software. 15-1199	0.00770.1	0.00420.0
Provide technical expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to clients or users. 15-1199	0.00770.1	0.00160.0
Perform system analysis, data analysis or programming, using a variety of computer languages and procedures. 15-1199	0.00760.1	0.26791.7
Conduct market research analysis to identify search query trends, real-time search and news media activity, popular social media topics, electronic commerce trends, market opportunities, or competitor performance. 15-1199	0.00760.1	0.01400.1
Design, implement, or operate comprehensive data warehouse systems to balance optimization of data access with batch loading and resource utilization factors, according to customer requirements. 15-1199	0.00760.1	0.00690.0
Perform computer programming, data analysis, or software development for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, including the maintenance of existing systems or research and development for future enhancements. 15-1199	0.00750.1	0.00420.0
Improve search-related activities through ongoing analysis, experimentation, or optimization tests, using A/B or multivariate methods. 15-1199	0.00740.1	0.01380.1
Update automated test scripts to ensure currency. 15-1199	0.00730.1	0.08270.5
Develop data warehouse process models, including sourcing, loading, transformation, and extraction. 15-1199	0.00730.1	0.00510.0
Identify appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and report key metrics from digital campaigns. 15-1199	0.00690.1	0.01550.1
Document design specifications, installation instructions, and other system-related information. 15-1199	0.00690.1	0.00410.0
Provide training or technical assistance in web site implementation or use. 15-1199	0.00680.1	0.00160.0
Identify and evaluate industry trends in database systems to serve as a source of information and advice for upper management. 15-1141	0.00670.1	—0
Create and enforce database development standards. 15-1199	0.00660.1	0.00720.0
Administer document and system access rights and revision control to ensure security of system and integrity of master documents. 15-1199	0.00650.1	0.03090.2
Conduct online marketing initiatives, such as paid ad placement, affiliate programs, sponsorship programs, email promotions, or viral marketing campaigns on social media Web sites. 15-1199	0.00650.1	0.01300.1
Collaborate with artists to achieve appropriate visual style. 15-1199	0.00620.1	0.01250.1
Develop implementation plans that include analyses such as cost-benefit or return on investment (ROI). 15-1199	0.00620.1	—0
Monitor bug resolution efforts and track successes. 15-1199	0.00600.1	0.10810.7
Optimize Web site exposure by analyzing search engine patterns to direct online placement of keywords or other content. 15-1199	0.00590.1	0.01690.1
Develop or maintain archived procedures, procedural codes, or queries for applications. 15-1199	0.00590.1	0.00950.1
Gather, analyze, or document user feedback to locate or resolve sources of problems. 15-1199	0.00580.1	0.04050.3
Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information. 15-1199	0.00570.1	0.00220.0
Provide technical support for existing reports, dashboards, or other tools. 15-1199	0.00560.1	0.01270.1
Purchase or negotiate placement of listings in local search engines, directories, or digital mapping technologies. 15-1199	0.00550.1	0.00410.0
Verify stability, interoperability, portability, security, or scalability of system architecture. 15-1199	0.00520.1	0.00370.0
Track, compile, and analyze web site usage data. 15-1199	0.00510.1	0.02600.2
Establish and calculate optimum values for database parameters, using manuals and calculator. 15-1141	0.00490.1	0.00150.0
Prepare support documentation and training materials for end users of document management systems. 15-1199	0.00470.0	0.00170.0
Collaborate with engineers or software developers to select appropriate design solutions or ensure the compatibility of system components. 15-1199	0.00460.0	0.00210.0
Analyze technology trends to identify markets for future product development or to improve sales of existing products. 15-1199	0.00440.0	—0
Collect and analyze Web metrics, such as visits, time on site, page views per visit, transaction volume and revenue, traffic mix, click-through rates, conversion rates, cost per acquisition, or cost per click. 15-1199	0.00420.0	0.00840.1
Analyze Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data to identify spatial relationships or display results of analyses, using maps, graphs, or tabular data. 15-1199	0.00410.0	0.00970.1
Communicate with customers, competitors, suppliers, professional organizations, or others to stay abreast of industry or business trends. 15-1199	0.00400.0	0.00150.0
Develop specialized computer software routines, internet-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, or business applications to customize geographic information. 15-1199	0.00400.0	—0
Create or implement metadata processes and frameworks. 15-1199	0.00390.0	0.01970.1
Assist in the assessment, acquisition, or deployment of new electronic document management systems. 15-1199	0.00380.0	0.01840.1
Optimize digital assets, such as text, graphics, or multimedia assets, for search engine optimization (SEO) or for display and usability on internet-connected devices. 15-1199	0.00380.0	0.00250.0
Maintain library of model documents, templates, or other reusable knowledge assets. 15-1199	0.00350.0	0.01000.1
Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. 15-1199	0.00310.0	0.00430.0
Recommend procedures or equipment or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use. 15-1199	0.00310.0	—0
Write, review, or execute plans for testing new or established document management systems. 15-1199	0.00300.0	0.00280.0
Design, program, or model Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications or procedures. 15-1199	0.00280.0	—0
Train users and answer questions. 15-1141	0.00270.0	0.00170.0
Evaluate current or emerging technologies to consider factors such as cost, portability, compatibility, or usability. 15-1199	0.00240.0	—0
Prepare training materials for or make presentations to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users. 15-1199	0.00240.0	—0
Document specifications for business intelligence or information technology (IT) reports, dashboards, or other outputs. 15-1199	0.00230.0	—0
Check and analyze operating system or application logfiles regularly to verify proper system performance. 15-1199	0.00210.0	0.02530.2
Identify, review, or select vendors or consultants to meet project needs. 15-1199	0.00210.0	0.00400.0
Develop or approve project plans, schedules, or budgets. 15-1199	0.00210.0	—0
Implement business rules via stored procedures, middleware, or other technologies. 15-1199	0.00200.0	0.03010.2
Coordinate sales or other promotional strategies with merchandising, operations, or inventory control staff to ensure product catalogs are current, accurate, and organized for best findability against user intent. 15-1199	0.00200.0	0.01610.1
Communicate with staff or clients to understand specific system requirements. 15-1199	0.00200.0	0.00200.0
Develop and maintain design level documentation, including mechanics, guidelines, and mission outlines. 15-1199	0.00200.0	—0
Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications. 15-1199	0.00180.0	0.00720.0
Revise company definition of data as defined in data dictionary. 15-1141	0.00180.0	0.00510.0
Select methods, techniques, or criteria for data warehousing evaluative procedures. 15-1199	0.00180.0	0.00270.0
Select and enter codes to monitor database performance and to create production database. 15-1141	0.00180.0	0.00160.0
Assess current or future customer needs and priorities through communicating directly with customers, conducting surveys, or other methods. 15-1199	0.00170.0	0.00850.1
Implement scanning or other automated data entry procedures, using imaging devices and document imaging software. 15-1199	0.00160.0	0.00810.1
Produce data layers, maps, tables, or reports, using spatial analysis procedures or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems. 15-1199	0.00160.0	0.00150.0
Develop and manage work breakdown structure (WBS) of information technology projects. 15-1199	0.00160.0	—0
Monitor or track project milestones and deliverables. 15-1199	0.00150.0	0.01260.1
Participate in the development or implementation of online marketing strategy. 15-1199	0.00150.0	—0
Identify and classify documents or other electronic content according to characteristics such as security level, function, and metadata.	—0	0.01000.1
Implement electronic document processing, retrieval, and distribution systems in collaboration with other information technology specialists.	—0	0.00770.1
Investigate customer problems referred by technical support.	—0	0.00650.0
Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data.	—0	0.00650.0
Direct or coordinate activities of project personnel.	—0	0.00620.0
Identify, evaluate, or procure hardware or software for implementing online marketing campaigns.	—0	0.00520.0
Maintain or update business intelligence tools, databases, dashboards, systems, or methods.	—0	0.00440.0
Manage timely flow of business intelligence information to users.	—0	0.00410.0
Combine secondary data sources with keyword research to more accurately profile and satisfy user intent.	—0	0.00360.0
Collect, compile, or integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, such as remote sensing or cartographic data for inclusion in map manuscripts.	—0	0.00300.0
Manage project execution to ensure adherence to budget, schedule, and scope.	—0	0.00260.0
Provide technical support during software installation or configuration.	—0	0.00230.0
Confer with project personnel to identify and resolve problems.	—0	0.00220.0
Define and analyze objectives, scope, issues, or organizational impact of information systems.	—0	0.00210.0
Test software systems or applications for software enhancements or new products.	—0	0.00210.0
Operate data capture technology to import digitized documents into document management system.	—0	0.00210.0
Identify or monitor current and potential customers, using business intelligence tools.	—0	0.00200.0
Exercise security surveillance over document processing, reproduction, distribution, storage, or archiving.	—0	0.00200.0
Execute and manage communications with digital journalists or bloggers.	—0	0.00200.0
Meet with clients to discuss topics such as technical specifications, customized solutions, or operational problems.	—0	0.00190.0
Implement online customer service processes to ensure positive and consistent user experiences.	—0	0.00170.0
Assist in setting up or optimizing analytics tools for tracking visitors' behaviors.	—0	0.00160.0
Show 157 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Test software systems or applications for software enhancements or new products. O*NET Task ID 16116	1.0
Review designs, codes, test plans, or documentation to ensure quality. O*NET Task ID 16117	1.0
Prepare functional or technical documentation for data warehouses. O*NET Task ID 16119	1.0
Write new programs or modify existing programs to meet customer requirements, using current programming languages and technologies. O*NET Task ID 16120	1.0
Select methods, techniques, or criteria for data warehousing evaluative procedures. O*NET Task ID 16122	1.0
Perform system analysis, data analysis or programming, using a variety of computer languages and procedures. O*NET Task ID 16123	1.0
Map data between source systems, data warehouses, and data marts. O*NET Task ID 16124	1.0
Implement business rules via stored procedures, middleware, or other technologies. O*NET Task ID 16125	1.0
Develop and implement data extraction procedures from other systems, such as administration, billing, or claims. O*NET Task ID 16126	1.0
Develop or maintain standards, such as organization, structure, or nomenclature, for the design of data warehouse elements, such as data architectures, models, tools, and databases. O*NET Task ID 16127	1.0
Design and implement warehouse database structures. O*NET Task ID 16128	1.0
Create supporting documentation, such as metadata and diagrams of entity relationships, business processes, and process flow. O*NET Task ID 16129	1.0
Create plans, test files, and scripts for data warehouse testing, ranging from unit to integration testing. O*NET Task ID 16130	1.0
Create or implement metadata processes and frameworks. O*NET Task ID 16131	1.0
Develop data warehouse process models, including sourcing, loading, transformation, and extraction. O*NET Task ID 16132	1.0
Design, implement, or operate comprehensive data warehouse systems to balance optimization of data access with batch loading and resource utilization factors, according to customer requirements. O*NET Task ID 16133	1.0
Provide or coordinate troubleshooting support for data warehouses. O*NET Task ID 16118	0.5
Verify the structure, accuracy, or quality of warehouse data. O*NET Task ID 16121	0.5
Show 8 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information

ILO

ESCO occupational vocabulary

ICT test analystESCO 2519.5
ICT test analysts work in testing environments, assessing products, checking for quality and accuracy, or creating tests scripts. They design tests which are then implemented by testers.
ICT disaster recovery analystESCO 2519.3
ICT disaster recovery analysts develop, maintain, and implement ICT continuity and disaster recovery strategies and solutions. They support the technical teams, assess the risks, design and develop procedures, documentation and strategies for disaster recovery in order for business functions to continue and recover with a minimal loss of data. They also coordinate the system backups tests and validations.
software testerESCO 2519.6
Software testers perform software tests. They may also plan and design them. They may also debug and repair software although this mainly corresponds to designers and developers. They ensure that applications function properly before delivering them to internal and external clients.
digital games testerESCO 2519.6.1
Digital games testers review and test various genres of digital games by playing them in order to find bugs and glitches within the game's functionality or graphics. They may evaluate the capacity of attraction and playability of games. They may also debug the games themselves.
ICT accessibility testerESCO 2519.6.2
ICT accessibility testers evaluate websites, software applications, systems or user interface components with regards to friendliness, operability of the navigation and visibility to all types of users, especially including those with special needs or disabilities.
ICT system testerESCO 2519.6.4
ICT system testers perform testing activities and some test planning activities. They may also debug and repair ICT systems and components although this mainly corresponds to designers and developers. They ensure that all systems and components function properly before delivering them to internal and external clients.
ICT usability testerESCO 2519.6.5
ICT usability testers ensure compliance with requirements and strive for optimal usability within the software engineering cycle phases (analysis, design, implementation, and deployment). They also work closely with users (analysts) to research for and document user profiles, analyse tasks, workflows, and user scenarios.
data quality specialistESCO 2519.1
Data quality specialists review organisation's data for accuracy, recommend enhancements to record systems and data acquisition processes and assess referential and historical integrity of data. They also develop documents and maintain data quality goals and standards and oversee an organisation's data privacy policy and monitor compliance of data flows against data quality standards.
ICT integration testerESCO 2519.6.3
ICT integration testers perform tests in groups of system components, units or even applications. They group them in larger aggregates and apply integration test plans on them. They oversee the complexity of relations between different components.
ICT auditor managerESCO 2519.2
ICT auditor managers monitor ICT auditors responsible for auditing information systems, platforms, and operating procedures in accordance with established corporate standards for efficiency, accuracy and security. They evaluate ICT infrastructure in terms of risk to the organisation and establish controls to mitigate loss. They determine and recommend improvements in the current risk management controls and in the implementation of system changes or upgrades.
ICT quality assurance managerESCO 2519.4
ICT quality assurance managers establish and operate an ICT quality approach through quality management systems, in compliance with internal and external standards and the organisation's culture. They ensure that the management controls are correctly implemented to safeguard asset, data integrity and operations. They focus on the achievement of quality goals, including the maintenance of the external certification according to quality standards and monitor statistics to forecast quality outcomes.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

KEIS2025

Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.

시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머)KNOW K000000853
Job outlook: 증가(27%) 현상유지(0%) 감소(73%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.9K average(50%) 8.1K upper(25%) 11.0K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 73.5
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -유닉스(Unix), 리눅스(Linux), 윈도우(windows) 등과 같은 컴퓨터시스템의 운영체계를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -FORTRAN, C, C++, JAVA 등과 같은 컴퓨터 프로그램 언어의 컴파일러(compiler : 고급언어로 쓰인 프로그램을 그와 의미적으로 동등하며 컴퓨터에서 즉시 실행될 수 있는 형태의 목적 프로그램으로 바꾸어 주는 번역 프로그램)를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -응용소프트웨어를 개발하기 위한 델파이(Delphi), 파워빌더(PowerBuilder) 등과 같은 개발용 도구를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -네트워크시스템에서 운영되는 네트워크 프로토콜 처리에 관련된 소프트웨어를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -정보보호에 필요한 방화벽, 인증, 인가 관련 소프트웨어를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -각종 산업용 제어시스템에서 운영되는 산업 설비의 제어, 모니터링 및 관리용 유틸리티 소프트웨어를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -컴퓨터시스템의 각종 주변 장치의 제어 및 인터페이스에 관련된 소프트웨어를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -컴퓨터시스템에서 운용되는 각종 유틸리티 소프트웨어를 설계하고 개발한다.
- -운영체계를 해당 컴퓨터 하드웨어 시스템에 이식(Potting)시키고 기능과 성능을 종합적으로 평가한다.
- -개발된 시스템소프트웨어에 대한 단계별 과정을 기록하고, 사용자의 교육과 기술 자문에 응한다.
- -지속적으로 컴퓨터의 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어에 대한 새로운 기술을 연구한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
기술 설계(100) · 기술 분석(98) · 문제 해결(97) · 전산(97) · 조작 및 통제(97)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(96) · 통신(90) · 산수와 수학(89) · 공학과 기술(87) · 영어(80)
Work environment
재택근무(88) · 자동화 정도(85) · 앉아서 근무(84) · 연설, 발표, 회의하기(84) · 이메일 이용하기(80)
Personality
혁신(76) · 분석적 사고(76) · 신뢰성(68) · 성취/노력(67) · 책임과 진취성(66)
Interests
진취형(Enterprising)(68) · 탐구형(Investigative)(58)
Work values
자기개발(100) · 경제적 보상(98) · 성취(92) · 자율성(91) · 사회적 인정(77)
Work activities — importance
컴퓨터 업무(98) · 창조적 생각(95) · 새로운 지식의 습득, 활용(84) · 상사, 동료, 부하직원과 소통(83) · 업무, 활동에 대한 일정관리(79)
Work activities — level
창조적 생각(98) · 컴퓨터 업무(97) · 상사, 동료, 부하직원과 소통(91) · 새로운 지식의 습득, 활용(89) · 사람들의 능력 개발, 지도(83)
Related majors
공학교육과 · 물리·과학과 · 수학과 · 응용소프트웨어공학과 · 전자공학과 · 정보·통신공학과 · 제어계측공학과 · 컴퓨터공학과 · 통계학과
Related certifications
MCSD(외국) · MCSE(외국) · SCJP(외국) · 전자계산기기능사, 기사, 기술사(국가기술) · 전자계산기조직응용기사, 기술사(국가기술) · 전자계산조직응용기사, 기술사(국가기술) · 정보처리기능사, 산업기사, 기사(국가기술)
How to enter
시스템소프트웨어개발자가 되기 위해서는 전문대학 및 대학교의 컴퓨터공학과, 전산(공학)과, 전자공학과, 전기공학과, 통신공학과 등의 학과에서 소프트웨어를 비롯해 컴퓨터하드웨어에 대한 공부를 하고 진출할 수 있다. 요즘은 소프트웨어를 집중적으로 공부하는 학과들이 별도로 개설되기도 한다. 이들 학과에서는 시스템소프트웨어 설계에 필요한 C언어, JAVA와 같은 프로그래밍 언어, 데이터베이스, 소프트웨어공학이론 등을 공부하고 실제 소프트웨어 개발 실습을 하기도 한다. 또한, 비전공자들은 정보통신 관련 사설 교육기관이나 직업훈련학교 등에서 임베디드전문가 양성과정 등을 통해 관련 교육을 받을 수 있다. 시스템소프트웨어개발자는 개발·설계에 필요한 프로그래밍언어뿐만 아니라 각종 OS, 장비의 전자신호 등에 대한 충분한 이해가 필요하다. - 관련 자격증으로는 국가기술자격으로 컴퓨터시스템응용기술사(기사, 산업기사), 정보처리기술사(기사, 산업기사) 등이 있다. 해외 민간 기업에서 수행하는 자격증으로는 OCP, SCJP, CCNA같은 자격증이 있으며, 이러한 자격증은 민간 자격증이지만 국제적으로 권위가 인정되고 업계에서 통용되므로 국내 및 해외 취업에 도움이 된다.
Related occupations
모바일앱개발자 · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 웹기획자 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 가상현실전문가 · 게임프로그래머
모바일앱개발자KNOW K000001042
Job outlook: 증가(17%) 현상유지(3%) 감소(80%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.405K average(50%) 5.4K upper(25%) 8.075K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 70.5
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -Palm, Windows, iOS, Android, bada, symbian 등의 개발툴을 활용하여 PDA, 스마트폰 등 모바일 기기에서 사용되는 프로그램을 개발한다.
- -새로운 어플리케이션 시스템 개발 혹은 기존 어플리케이션 시스템의 개선을 위한 업무분석 및 설계 업무에 참여한다.
- -어플리케이션의 성능을 검사하고 실행시간을 개선한다.
- -사용자와의 창구 역할을 수행한다.
- -회사에서 추천하는 방법론에 기초하여 고객의 요구사항을 수집·분석하고 문제점 및 대책을 확인·지원한다.
- -새로운 어플리케이션 시스템 개발이나 기존 어플리케이션 시스템의 개선을 위해 문제점을 찾고 개선한다.
- -개발된 어플리케이션 시스템에 필요한 사용자 교육, 장비, 하드웨어, 소프트웨어의 설치 또는 전환 작업을 주도한다.
- -소규모 개발의 경우 기획, 설계, 개발, 테스트 및 유지보수 작업 등을 담당한다.
- -회사 또는 개인의 의뢰를 받아 개발하기도 하며, 모바일 마켓에 등록하여 판매하기도 한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
전산(97) · 기술 분석(95) · 기술 설계(92) · 문제 해결(91) · 수리력(89)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(95) · 통신(89) · 영어(85) · 공학과 기술(80) · 산수와 수학(78)
Work environment
재택근무(90) · 앉아서 근무(88) · 실내 근무(77) · 연설, 발표, 회의하기(76) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(75)
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 웹기획자 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 가상현실전문가 · 게임프로그래머
웹개발자(웹 프로그래머)KNOW K000001106
Job outlook: 증가(16%) 현상유지(10%) 감소(73%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.975K average(50%) 6.39K upper(25%) 8.0K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 67.4
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -웹상에 올릴 자료의 성격과 형태에 대한 요구를 파악하고 분석한다.
- -프로그래밍언어(Php, Asp, Java, Jsp 등)를 이용하여 프로그램을 코딩한다.
- -웹상에서 테스트한 후 문제점을 확인하고 수정한다.
- -기존에 개발된 프로그램을 유지 및 보수한다.
- -웹디자이너와 업무를 협의한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
기술 설계(100) · 전산(99) · 문제 해결(99) · 기술 분석(99) · 논리적 분석(95)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(94) · 통신(86) · 공학과 기술(83) · 산수와 수학(77) · 영어(72)
Work environment
앉아서 근무(90) · 재택근무(88) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(80) · 자동화 정도(77) · 이메일 이용하기(74)
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 모바일앱개발자 · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 웹기획자 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 가상현실전문가 · 게임프로그래머
IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가KNOW K000001153
Job outlook: 증가(12%) 현상유지(15%) 감소(71%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.3K average(50%) 5.6K upper(25%) 7.0K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 56.9
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -소프트웨어 등 테스트 대상 IT제품 개발 회의에 참석하여 제품에 대한 정보를 습득하고 소비자 경향, 최근 기술 경향 등을 파악한다.
- -개발자가 만든 제품을 여러 가지 상황을 설정하여 자체 테스트, 고객 대상 테스트 등 테스트를 수행한다.
- -테스트 결과 발견된 문제점과 보완점을 취합하여 개발자에게 수정을 의뢰한다.
- -제품에 대한 고객의 반응 등을 지속적으로 모니터링하여 개발자나 관련 부서에 전달한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
품질관리분석(100) · 기술 분석(96) · 시간 관리(94) · 읽고 이해하기(93) · 모니터링(Monitoring)(92)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(91) · 통신(79) · 공학과 기술(77) · 사무(66) · 의사소통과 미디어(64)
Work environment
재택근무(95) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(91) · 앉아서 근무(88) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(85) · 의사결정 권한(85)
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 모바일앱개발자 · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · 웹기획자 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 가상현실전문가 · 게임프로그래머
웹기획자KNOW K000001172
Job outlook: 증가(20%) 현상유지(20%) 감소(60%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.3K average(50%) 6.0K upper(25%) 8.075K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 68
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -웹사이트에서 제공할 구성 내용을 기획한다.
- -웹사이트의 구축을 위해 웹 엔지니어, 웹 디자이너, 웹 프로그래머 등과 업무를 협의한다.
- -웹사이트의 자료를 갱신한다.
- -웹사이트의 게시판과 전자우편을 통한 사용자의 요구와 불만 사항을 신속히 처리한다.
- -사용자의 성향과 접속 현황 등을 분석하여 웹사이트의 내용을 수정·보완하여 개편한다.
- -웹사이트의 구축을 외부업체에 맡겼을 때, 외부업체 개발자들과의 긴밀한 의사소통을 통해 사이트 구축 목적이 정확하게 구현될 수 있도록 지속적으로 작업 과정과 결과물을 확인한다.
- -서비스 제공형 사이트에서는 주로 기술적인 부분을 담당한다.
- -커뮤니티형 사이트에서는 회원간의 커뮤니티 활동을 촉진할 수 있도록 다양한 이벤트를 기획한다.
- -전자상거래형 사이트에서는 고객의 요구 분석을 통해 상품의 디스플레이와 온라인 판매촉진을 담당한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
서비스 지향(98) · 문제 해결(98) · 설득(98) · 듣고 이해하기(97) · 시간 관리(97)
Knowledge
디자인(90) · 컴퓨터와 전자공학(82) · 통신(75) · 국어(75) · 심리(74)
Work environment
재택근무(97) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(96) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(95) · 갈등 상황(91) · 앉아서 근무(91)
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 모바일앱개발자 · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 가상현실전문가 · 게임프로그래머
응용소프트웨어개발자KNOW K000001176
Job outlook: 증가(33%) 현상유지(27%) 감소(40%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 6.7K average(50%) 9.15K upper(25%) 10.9K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 71.2
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -응용소프트웨어의 개발 범위와 목표를 설정한다.
- -소프트웨어를 개발·완성시키기 위한 전체적인 개발 계획과 자원 조달 계획을 편성한다.
- -응용시스템에 대한 정보보호의 방법과 계획을 설정한다.
- -소프트웨어의 세부적인 기능 및 사양에 관한 상세 설계를 한다.
- -상세 설계에 따라서 단위 프로그램을 개발하고, 개발된 여러 프로그램들을 모아서 응용시스템으로 결합시킨다.
- -해당 컴퓨터시스템에 개발된 프로그램을 설치하고 기능 및 성능을 종합적으로 평가·분석한다.
- -패키지성의 개발 소프트웨어에 대해서는 체계적인 버전관리를 한다.
- -테스트를 통해 버그를 수정한다.
- -응용소프트웨어에 대한 사용자의 운영 교육과 기술을 지원한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
전산(99) · 기술 설계(99) · 문제 해결(97) · 수리력(97) · 기술 분석(97)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(94) · 공학과 기술(86) · 산수와 수학(82) · 통신(81) · 영어(75)
Work environment
재택근무(93) · 자동화 정도(91) · 앉아서 근무(88) · 이메일 이용하기(83) · 실내 근무(76)
Personality
혁신(72) · 협조(72) · 분석적 사고(71) · 독립성(62) · 꼼꼼함(62)
Interests
탐구형(Investigative)(79) · 진취형(Enterprising)(53)
Work values
자율성(91) · 경제적 보상(90) · 자기개발(83) · 일과 삶의 균형(76) · 성취(75)
Work activities — importance
컴퓨터 업무(99) · 창조적 생각(99) · 새로운 지식의 습득, 활용(89) · 의사 결정, 문제점 해결(86) · 정보 수집(85)
Work activities — level
창조적 생각(99) · 컴퓨터 업무(96) · 새로운 지식의 습득, 활용(93) · 사람들에게 조언, 상담(91) · 조직 외부인과 소통(91)
Related majors
경영학과 · 공학교육과 · 교육학과 · 물리·과학과 · 수학과 · 응용소프트웨어공학과 · 전자공학과 · 정보·통신공학과 · 제어계측공학과 · 컴퓨터공학과 · 통계학과
Related certifications
MCSD(외국) · MCSE(외국) · SCJP(외국) · 리눅스마스터(국가공인 민간) · 전자계산기조직응용기사, 기술사(국가기술) · 전자계산조직응용기사, 기술사(국가기술) · 정보처리기능사, 산업기사, 기사(국가기술)
How to enter
응용소프트웨어개발자가 되기 위해서는 전문대학 및 대학교의 컴퓨터공학과, 전산(공학)과 등의 관련 학과를 졸업하는 것이 유리하다. 비전공자는 사설교육기관에서 C언어, 자바, 비주얼스튜디오, 델파이, 파워빌더 등 프로그래밍 언어 등을 배우고 진출한다. 최근에 대학에서는 소프트웨어와 관련한 별도의 학과들이 개설되고 있다. 이들 학과에서는 소프트웨어공학, 프로그램언어, 운영체제, 데이터베이스, 자료구조를 비롯해 실제 응용소프트웨어 개발 실습을 한다.
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 모바일앱개발자 · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 웹기획자 · 가상현실전문가 · 게임프로그래머
가상현실전문가KNOW K000007452
Job outlook: 증가(33%) 현상유지(40%) 감소(26%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.15K average(50%) 5.1K upper(25%) 6.85K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 70
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -사용자가 원하는 가상세계가 무엇인지 파악하고 개발하고자 하는 시스템을 분석하여 개발 방향을 설정한다.
- -신제품에 대한 기획안을 만든다.
- -Visual basic, C++ 등과 같은 컴퓨터프로그램 언어와 3차원 컴퓨터 그래픽 제어기술을 활용하여 프로그래밍한다.
- -그래픽디자이너는 사물을 스케치하고 색 및 질감을 입혀 사용자가 실제의 느낌을 가질 수 있도록 가상현실시스템을 디자인한다.
- -사용 장비에 따라 입력장치, 인터페이스 장치, 입체디스플레이 자세추적장치 등을 제작한다.
- -제작된 3차원 가상현실소프트웨어에 오류는 없는지 테스트하고 수정작업을 거쳐 제품을 완성한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
기술 설계(97) · 추리력(96) · 공간지각력(96) · 기술 분석(93) · 창의력(92)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(94) · 산수와 수학(85) · 영어(77) · 공학과 기술(77) · 디자인(76)
Work environment
재택근무(99) · 이메일 이용하기(88) · 앉아서 근무(88) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(86) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(84)
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 모바일앱개발자 · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 웹기획자 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 게임프로그래머
게임프로그래머KNOW K000007580
Job outlook: 증가(10%) 현상유지(20%) 감소(70%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 3.925K average(50%) 6.48K upper(25%) 8.5K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 70.3
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -게임기획자, 게임그래픽디자이너, 게임음악가 등으로부터 넘겨받을 자료를 기반으로 게임프로그램의 구조를 설계한다.
- -게임을 제작하기 위한 툴인 게임엔진을 개발한다.
- -영상을 컴퓨터 모니터에 출력하는데 필요한 제반 함수들의 집단인 그래픽 라이브러리를 제작한다.
- -그래픽 특수효과를 제작한다.
- -키보드, 마우스 등의 입력장치 제어루틴을 제작한다.
- -그래픽 파일이나 사운드 파일이 정상적으로 게임 속에서 작동될 수 있도록 해 주는 프로그램을 작성한다.
- -게임을 테스트하여 에러를 수정하고 버그를 찾아낸다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
문제 해결(98) · 수리력(98) · 전산(98) · 범주화(98) · 논리적 분석(97)
Knowledge
컴퓨터와 전자공학(95) · 산수와 수학(91) · 영어(78) · 물리(76) · 공학과 기술(75)
Work environment
재택근무(98) · 의사결정 권한(98) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(90) · 앉아서 근무(89) · 자동화 정도(88)
Related occupations
시스템 소프트웨어 개발자(프로그래머) · 모바일앱개발자 · 웹개발자(웹 프로그래머) · IT테스터 및 IT QA전문가 · 웹기획자 · 응용소프트웨어개발자 · 가상현실전문가

The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

AI exposure

Task-level exposure

Occupation information

ILO occupational description

ESCO occupational vocabulary