Digital Marketing Analysts

Sales & Marketing

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.648
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Source dataset
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.55
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 12% score at or above this value.
Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Show 33 hidden tasks

Task	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Develop transactional Web applications, using Web programming software and knowledge of programming languages, such as hypertext markup language (HTML) and extensible markup language (XML). 13-1161	0.170031.5	0.06008.3
Gather data on competitors and analyze their prices, sales, and method of marketing and distribution. 13-1161	0.090016.7	0.04005.6
Implement online customer service processes to ensure positive and consistent user experiences. 13-1161	0.080014.8	0.390054.2
Prepare reports of findings, illustrating data graphically and translating complex findings into written text. 13-1161	0.05009.3	0.02002.8
Conduct market research analysis to identify search query trends, real-time search and news media activity, popular social media topics, electronic commerce trends, market opportunities, or competitor performance. 13-1161	0.02003.7	0.06008.3
Collect and analyze data on customer demographics, preferences, needs, and buying habits to identify potential markets and factors affecting product demand. 13-1161	0.02003.7	0.04005.6
Forecast and track marketing and sales trends, analyzing collected data. 13-1161	0.02003.7	0.01001.4
Prepare electronic commerce designs or prototypes, such as storyboards, mock-ups, or other content, using graphics design software. 13-1161	0.02003.7	0.01001.4
Identify and develop commercial or technical specifications, such as usability, pricing, checkout, or data security, to promote transactional internet-enabled commerce functionality. 13-1161	0.02003.7	0.00000.0
Optimize Web site exposure by analyzing search engine patterns to direct online placement of keywords or other content. 13-1161	0.01001.9	0.02002.8
Collect and analyze Web metrics, such as visits, time on site, page views per visit, transaction volume and revenue, traffic mix, click-through rates, conversion rates, cost per acquisition, or cost per click. 13-1161	0.01001.9	0.01001.4
Evaluate new emerging media or technologies and make recommendations for their application within Internet marketing or search marketing campaigns. 13-1161	0.01001.9	0.01001.4
Develop and implement procedures for identifying advertising needs. 13-1161	0.01001.9	0.00000.0
Optimize digital assets, such as text, graphics, or multimedia assets, for search engine optimization (SEO) or for display and usability on internet-connected devices. 13-1161	0.01001.9	0.00000.0
Combine secondary data sources with keyword research to more accurately profile and satisfy user intent. 13-1161	0.00000.0	0.01001.4
Measure the effectiveness of marketing, advertising, and communications programs and strategies.	—0	0.04005.6
Show 6 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Identify methods for interfacing Web application technologies with enterprise resource planning or other system software. O*NET Task ID 16176	1.0
Develop transactional Web applications, using Web programming software and knowledge of programming languages, such as hypertext markup language (HTML) and extensible markup language (XML). O*NET Task ID 16184	1.0
Coordinate with developers to optimize Web site architecture, server configuration, or page construction for search engine consumption and optimal visibility. O*NET Task ID 20320	1.0
Create content strategies for digital media. O*NET Task ID 20321	1.0
Keep abreast of government regulations and emerging Web technology to ensure regulatory compliance by reviewing current literature, talking with colleagues, participating in educational programs, attending meetings or workshops, or participating in professional organizations or conferences. O*NET Task ID 16172	0.5
Resolve product availability problems in collaboration with customer service staff. O*NET Task ID 16173	0.5
Implement online customer service processes to ensure positive and consistent user experiences. O*NET Task ID 16174	0.5
Identify, evaluate, or procure hardware or software for implementing online marketing campaigns. O*NET Task ID 16175	0.5
Define product requirements, based on market research analysis, in collaboration with user interface design and engineering staff. O*NET Task ID 16177	0.5
Assist in the evaluation or negotiation of contracts with vendors or online partners. O*NET Task ID 16178	0.5
Propose online or multiple-sales-channel campaigns to marketing executives. O*NET Task ID 16179	0.5
Assist in the development of online transaction or security policies. O*NET Task ID 16180	0.5
Prepare electronic commerce designs or prototypes, such as storyboards, mock-ups, or other content, using graphics design software. O*NET Task ID 16181	0.5
Participate in the development or implementation of online marketing strategy. O*NET Task ID 16182	0.5
Identify and develop commercial or technical specifications, such as usability, pricing, checkout, or data security, to promote transactional internet-enabled commerce functionality. O*NET Task ID 16183	0.5
Coordinate sales or other promotional strategies with merchandising, operations, or inventory control staff to ensure product catalogs are current, accurate, and organized for best findability against user intent. O*NET Task ID 16185	0.5
Conduct market research analysis to identify search query trends, real-time search and news media activity, popular social media topics, electronic commerce trends, market opportunities, or competitor performance. O*NET Task ID 16186	0.5
Conduct financial modeling for online marketing programs or Web site revenue forecasting. O*NET Task ID 16187	0.5
Communicate and collaborate with merchants, Webmasters, bloggers, or online editors to strategically place hyperlinks. O*NET Task ID 16188	0.5
Collaborate with other marketing staff to integrate and complement marketing strategies across multiple sales channels. O*NET Task ID 16189	0.5
Optimize Web site exposure by analyzing search engine patterns to direct online placement of keywords or other content. O*NET Task ID 16190	0.5
Conduct online marketing initiatives, such as paid ad placement, affiliate programs, sponsorship programs, email promotions, or viral marketing campaigns on social media Web sites. O*NET Task ID 16191	0.5
Collect and analyze Web metrics, such as visits, time on site, page views per visit, transaction volume and revenue, traffic mix, click-through rates, conversion rates, cost per acquisition, or cost per click. O*NET Task ID 16192	0.5
Collaborate with Web, multimedia, or art design staffs to create multimedia Web sites or other internet content that conforms to brand and company visual format. O*NET Task ID 16193	0.5
Assist in setting up or optimizing analytics tools for tracking visitors' behaviors. O*NET Task ID 20318	0.5
Combine secondary data sources with keyword research to more accurately profile and satisfy user intent. O*NET Task ID 20319	0.5
Evaluate new emerging media or technologies and make recommendations for their application within Internet marketing or search marketing campaigns. O*NET Task ID 20322	0.5
Execute and manage communications with digital journalists or bloggers. O*NET Task ID 20323	0.5
Execute or manage banner, video, or other non-text link ad campaigns. O*NET Task ID 20324	0.5
Execute or manage social media campaigns to inform search marketing tactics. O*NET Task ID 20325	0.5
Identify appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and report key metrics from digital campaigns. O*NET Task ID 20326	0.5
Improve search-related activities through ongoing analysis, experimentation, or optimization tests, using A/B or multivariate methods. O*NET Task ID 20327	0.5
Manage tracking and reporting of search-related activities and provide analyses to marketing executives. O*NET Task ID 20328	0.5
Optimize digital assets, such as text, graphics, or multimedia assets, for search engine optimization (SEO) or for display and usability on internet-connected devices. O*NET Task ID 20329	0.5
Optimize shopping cart experience or Web site conversion rates against Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). O*NET Task ID 20330	0.5
Purchase or negotiate placement of listings in local search engines, directories, or digital mapping technologies. O*NET Task ID 20331	0.5
Show 26 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information

ILO

ESCO occupational vocabulary

hospitality revenue managerESCO 2431.9
Hospitality revenue managers maximise revenue generated from facilities such as hotels, holiday resorts and camping grounds by analysing trends and competition. They assist establishment managers in strategic decisions. Hospitality revenue managers analyse and optimise the financial potential of facilities and manage the corresponding staff.
promotion assistantESCO 2431.16
Promotion assistants provide support in the implementation of programs and promotional efforts in points-of-sale. They research and administer all the information required by managers to decide whether promotional programs are required. If so, they support in getting of materials and resources for the promotional action.
online marketerESCO 2431.10.4
Online marketers use e-mail, internet and social media in order to market goods and brands.
network marketerESCO 2431.13
Network marketers apply various marketing strategies, including network marketing strategies to sell products and convince new people to also join in and start selling these products. They use personal relations to attract customers and sell various types of products.
marketeerESCO 2431.10
Marketing consultants advise companies in the development of marketing strategies for specific purposes. They can advise and develop strategies for the entry of a brand in the market, for the re-launch of a product, for the introduction of a new product, or for the positioning of a commercial image. They perform previous studies of the position of the company and perception of customers in order to define the marketing approach.
advertising media buyerESCO 2431.2
Advertising media buyers purchase, on behalf of their clients, advertising space in the print, broadcast and online media. They analyse the effectiveness and appropriateness of the different channels depending on the good or service providing advice for the decision-making. They try to negotiate the best price, without compromising the quality of the advertisements. They support the development and implementation of marketing and advertising plans in the communications part through the most suited media outlet.
marketing assistantESCO 2431.10.3
Marketing assistants support all the efforts and operations carried out by marketing managers and officers. They prepare reports in relation to the marketing operations needed by other departments, especially account and financial divisions. They ensure that resources needed by the managers to perform their job are in place.
membership managerESCO 2431.12
Membership managers oversee and coordinate the membership plan, support existing members and engage with possible new members. They analyse the market trend reports and develop marketing plans accordingly. Membership managers monitor and ensure the efficiency of processes, systems and strategies.
eBusiness managerESCO 2431.10.2
eBusiness managers create and execute a company's electronic strategy plan for selling products and services online. They also improve data integrity, placement of online tools and brand exposure and monitor sales for companies that market products to customers using the internet. They collaborate with the marketing and sales management team using ICT tools to reach sales goals and provide accurate information and offerings to business partners.
market research analystESCO 2431.11
Market research analysts collect the information gathered in the market research and study it to draw conclusions. They define the potential customers of a product, the target group and the way they can be reached. Market research analysts analyse the position of products in the market from different perspectives such as features, prices and competitors. They analyse cross selling and interdependencies between different products and their placement. Market research analysts prepare information helpful for the development of marketing strategies.
client relations managerESCO 2431.6
Client relations managers act as the middle person between a company and its customers. They ensure that the customers are satisfied by providing them with guidance and explanation on their accounts and services received by the company. They also have possible other tasks such as developing plans or delivering proposals.
customer experience managerESCO 2431.8
Customer experience managers monitor customer experiences by creating, evaluating and improving the customer's interaction organisations in the hospitality, recreation or entertainment industry. They develop plans of action to optimise all aspects of the customer's experience. Customer experience managers strive to ensure customer satisfaction and boost company profits.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

KEIS2025

Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.

광고 및 홍보 전문가KNOW K000000872
Job outlook: 증가(18%) 현상유지(9%) 감소(73%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.9K average(50%) 5.7K upper(25%) 9.0K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 63.8
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- - 사업체의 마케팅, 광고, 홍보 전략에 대해 자문한다.
- - 인쇄나 전자매체에 적절한 마케팅, 광고캠페인을 개발하고 실행한다.
- - 특정기업 또는 사업체에 대한 대중의 인식과 이해를 개선하려는 PR프로그램을 연구, 조언한다.
- - 광고주에게 대행사를 효과적으로 알려 광고대행계약을 하고, 광고할 상품이나 용역에 관한 자료를 조사하여 분석하고, 광고주와 협의하여 광고기획서를 작성한다.
- - 광고제작팀과 협의하여 광고기획서를 수정·보완하고 광고주의 의사결정자와 협의하여 광고의 제작방향을 결정한다.
- - 광고제작에 소요되는 예산을 수립·조정한다.
- - 광고대상 상품의 경쟁상황, 시장상황, 판매기간 등에 대한 자료를 조사·분석하고 광고매체에 대한 효과를 분석한다.
- - 광고의 목표를 설정하고, 광고 표현계획과 제작계획을 수립하며, 광고의 제작상황을 감독한다.
- - 제작된 광고를 검토·평가한 후 광고를 실시하며, 시행광고의 효과를 조사·분석한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
행동조정(99) · 설득(99) · 협상(98) · 판단과 의사결정(97) · 모니터링(Monitoring)(97)
Knowledge
영업과 마케팅(91) · 의사소통과 미디어(87) · 사무(86) · 국어(84) · 경영 및 행정(77)
Work environment
재택근무(96) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(91) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(91) · 이메일 이용하기(90) · 앉아서 근무(89)
Related occupations
행사·전시 및 회의 기획자 · 상품 기획 전문가 · 조사전문가
상품 기획 전문가KNOW K000000997
Job outlook: 증가(12%) 현상유지(29%) 감소(58%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 5.4K average(50%) 6.12K upper(25%) 8.625K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 63.2
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -소비자의 구매 패턴과 소비 유형을 파악한다.
- -소비자의 현재 또는 장래 취향을 조사·분석하여 판매 가능한 상품을 기획·개발한다.
- -시장성 있는 상품을 개발하고, 개발한 상품을 생산하는 제조업체와 매매 조건, 수수료 등을 협의하고 계약을 체결한다.
- -특정상품 및 서비스에 관한 현재의 판매수준, 소비자의 평가 등에 관한 정보를 체계적으로 수집·분석한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
협상(97) · 설득(96) · 창의력(94) · 사람 파악(93) · 글쓰기(93)
Knowledge
영업과 마케팅(91) · 상품 제조 및 공정(86) · 디자인(84) · 경제와 회계(83) · 경영 및 행정(83)
Work environment
재택근무(92) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(91) · 이메일 이용하기(90) · 다른 사람과의 접촉(90) · 갈등 상황(89)
Related occupations
광고 및 홍보 전문가 · 행사·전시 및 회의 기획자 · 조사전문가
여행상품 개발자KNOW K000001093
Job outlook: 증가(23%) 현상유지(5%) 감소(70%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 3.5K average(50%) 4.0K upper(25%) 5.908K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 64.3
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -국내외의 항공, 육로 및 해상 교통편, 요금, 관광명소의 위치, 숙박시설 등에 관한 제반 자료를 토대로 관광 코스와 일정을 기획하고 경비를 산출한다.
- -기획된 코스를 답사하고 문제점을 보완하여 관광 코스를 확정짓는다.
- -고객과의 전화 또는 방문상담을 통하여 고객의 요구를 파악한다.
- -여행상품의 특성과 장점을 소개하고 여행을 권유한다.
- -해외여행의 경우 항공권 예약, 여권발급, 환전 등 여행에 필요한 업무를 대행하기도 한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
서비스 지향(97) · 창의력(94) · 협상(93) · 설득(91) · 사람 파악(91)
Knowledge
역사(94) · 지리(93) · 영업과 마케팅(90) · 영어(90) · 고객서비스(83)
Work environment
불쾌하거나 무례한 사람 상대(95) · 의사결정 권한(92) · 공문, 문서 주고받기(92) · 이메일 이용하기(90) · 다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(89)
Related occupations
여행 사무원 · 관광 서비스 종사원
행사·전시 및 회의 기획자KNOW K000000955
Job outlook: 증가(3%) 현상유지(38%) 감소(58%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.225K average(50%) 5.0K upper(25%) 7.375K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 61.5
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -협의회나 회의, 컨벤션 등의 행사 개최를 논의하기 위해 업계협회, 전문협회 및 기타 집단과 만난다.
- -행사의 범위 및 형식을 계획하고 예산을 편성하며 행사 관리 절차 및 진행사항을 수시로 모니터링한다.
- -참가자에 대한 숙박 및 운송, 콘퍼런스 및 기타 시설, 연회, 표시물, 디스플레이, 통역, 비디오ㆍ오디오 장비, 인쇄물 및 보안과 같은 행사서비스를 총괄한다.
- -참가자의 등록을 조직화하고 프로그램 및 홍보자료를 준비하고 행사를 선전한다.
- -행사에 필요한 행사 지원자를 고용하고 교육시키며 감독한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
시간 관리(99) · 재정 관리(99) · 협상(98) · 창의력(98) · 행동조정(97)
Knowledge
영업과 마케팅(91) · 사무(88) · 의사소통과 미디어(87) · 디자인(86) · 영어(85)
Work environment
다른 사람들을 조율하거나 이끌기(95) · 다른 사람과의 상호작용(94) · 외부 고객 대하기(91) · 갈등 상황(91) · 이메일 이용하기(88)
Related occupations
광고 및 홍보 전문가 · 상품 기획 전문가 · 조사전문가
조사전문가KNOW K000001139
Job outlook: 증가(7%) 현상유지(13%) 감소(80%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 4.675K average(50%) 6.0K upper(25%) 8.0K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 66.3
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -조사방법론을 토대로 설문조사나 인터뷰, 좌담회와 같은 자료수집 방식을 설계한다.
- -조사를 수행하는 면접원이나 조사원을 교육하거나 실사관리자를 감독하기도 한다.
- -조사를 의뢰하는 기업고객의 상품이나 서비스의 마케팅 전략을 수립하기 위하여 소비자를 대상으로 설문조사나 인터뷰 등을 수행한다.
- -정치현안조사, 선거조사, 공공정책 개발 및 평가 관련 조사, 가치관, 태도 또는 의견 등 사회조사에 대한 조사업무를 수행한다.
- -결과보고서를 작성하며, 의뢰인에게 발표하기도 한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
글쓰기(99) · 듣고 이해하기(96) · 읽고 이해하기(95) · 논리적 분석(95) · 협상(95)
Knowledge
사무(82) · 영업과 마케팅(82) · 국어(78) · 사회와 인류(77) · 심리(71)
Work environment
재택근무(99) · 마감시간(92) · 이메일 이용하기(90) · 외부 고객 대하기(89) · 앉아서 근무(88)
Related occupations
광고 및 홍보 전문가 · 행사·전시 및 회의 기획자 · 상품 기획 전문가
여행 사무원KNOW K000001187
Job outlook: 증가(9%) 현상유지(16%) 감소(73%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 3.075K average(50%) 3.5K upper(25%) 4.0K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 58.7
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -고객의 요구에 맞는 여행상품을 추천하고, 상품별 비용 등 각종 자료를 제시한다.
- -숙박시설 예약, 교통편 예약 등 여행에 따르는 대행 업무를 준비하고 여행일정을 계획한다.
- -행선지, 교통편, 여행일정, 경비, 숙박시설을 고객과 협의·결정한다.
- -단체여행을 계획하고 명시하여 판매한다.
- -여행 출발 전 여행지에 관한 자료를 고객에게 제공한다.
- -여행경비를 계산하거나 단체여행의 비용을 견적한다.
- -고객 운송수단 및 숙박시설을 예약한다.
- -수송이나 관광지 출입을 위한 티켓을 구입하고 요금을 수급한다.
- -여행상품에 관한 고객 불만사항을 해결한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
서비스 지향(97) · 사람 파악(91) · 설득(86) · 말하기(85) · 읽고 이해하기(72)
Knowledge
영업과 마케팅(86) · 상담(84) · 고객서비스(84) · 영어(83) · 사무(82)
Work environment
외부 고객 대하기(92) · 재택근무(87) · 갈등 상황(86) · 앉아서 근무(82) · 불쾌하거나 무례한 사람 상대(82)
Related occupations
여행상품 개발자 · 관광 서비스 종사원
관광 서비스 종사원KNOW K000001203
Job outlook: 증가(10%) 현상유지(47%) 감소(43%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 2.8K average(50%) 3.3K upper(25%) 4.1K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 64.9
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -관광객을 위한 교통, 숙박, 레크레이션 및 기타 일정을 계획·조정한다.
- -여행경로와 일정 및 관광에 필요한 전반적인 안내와 소개를 한다.
- -역사적 유물, 유적지 및 명소 등에 관해 설명한다.
- -방문, 견학, 사업 등 여러 가지 목적으로 해외의 여러 곳을 여행하고자 하는 여행객을 위해 경제적이고 안전하며 보람된 여행이 되도록 계획, 교육, 관리한다.
- -출발에서 귀국까지의 모든 여정을 계획, 검토, 분석하여 효율성을 높인다.
- -국가별 행사, 숙식, 관광, 여행일정 등을 현지에서 현지사정에 맞도록 관리한다.
- -사전에 예약된 외국인 관광객을 공항으로 마중 나가 관광일정을 개략적으로 설명하며 여행비를 산출하고 일정표를 작성한다.
- -관광지를 안내하며 환전, 호텔, 택시 이용 등 입국에서부터 출국에 이르기까지 외국 관광객에게 다양한 편의와 도움을 제공한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
서비스 지향(94) · 말하기(88) · 사람 파악(76) · 행동조정(72) · 시간 관리(69)
Knowledge
역사(87) · 고객서비스(82) · 영어(78) · 지리(72) · 상담(69)
Work environment
치열한 경쟁(96) · 외부 고객 대하기(95) · 주말 및 공휴일 근무(94) · 이미지/평판/재정에 미치는 영향력(89) · 다른 사람과 신체적 접촉(86)
Related occupations
여행상품 개발자 · 여행 사무원

The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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