Excavating Machine Operators
Construction, Maintenance & RepairAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.13
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 97% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Monitor operations to ensure that health and safety standards are met.47-2073 | 0.0030100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 28 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Learn and follow safety regulations. | —0 |
Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects. | —0 |
Adjust handwheels and depress pedals to control attachments, such as blades, buckets, scrapers, or swing booms. | —0 |
Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes. | —0 |
Locate underground services, such as pipes or wires, prior to beginning work. | —0 |
Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers. | —0 |
Load and move dirt, rocks, equipment, or other materials, using trucks, crawler tractors, power cranes, shovels, graders, or related equipment. | —0 |
Drive and maneuver equipment equipped with blades in successive passes over working areas to remove topsoil, vegetation, or rocks or to distribute and level earth or terrain. | —0 |
Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members. | —0 |
Operate tractors or bulldozers to perform such tasks as clearing land, mixing sludge, trimming backfills, or building roadways or parking lots. | —0 |
Repair and maintain equipment, making emergency adjustments or assisting with major repairs as necessary. | —0 |
Check fuel supplies at sites to ensure adequate availability. | —0 |
Connect hydraulic hoses, belts, mechanical linkages, or power takeoff shafts to tractors. | —0 |
Operate loaders to pull out stumps, rip asphalt or concrete, rough-grade properties, bury refuse, or perform general cleanup. | —0 |
Select and fasten bulldozer blades or other attachments to tractors, using hitches. | —0 |
Signal operators to guide movement of tractor-drawn machines. | —0 |
Push other equipment when extra traction or assistance is required. | —0 |
Keep records of material or equipment usage or problems encountered. | —0 |
Operate equipment to demolish or remove debris or to remove snow from streets, roads, or parking lots. | —0 |
Test atmosphere for adequate oxygen or explosive conditions when working in confined spaces. | —0 |
Operate compactors, scrapers, or rollers to level, compact, or cover refuse at disposal grounds. | —0 |
Talk to clients and study instructions, plans, or diagrams to establish work requirements. | —0 |
Operate road watering, oiling, or rolling equipment, or street sealing equipment, such as chip spreaders. | —0 |
Perform specialized work, using equipment such as pile drivers, dredging rigs, drillers, or concrete pumpers. | —0 |
Drive tractor-trailer trucks to move equipment from site to site. | —0 |
Turn valves to control air or water output of compressors or pumps. | —0 |
Operate conveyors to remove grit and debris from digesters. | —0 |
Compile cost estimates for jobs. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Keep records of material or equipment usage or problems encountered.O*NET Task ID 9872 | 1.0 |
Compile cost estimates for jobs.O*NET Task ID 9877 | 0.5 |
Learn and follow safety regulations.O*NET Task ID 9849 | 0.0 |
Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects.O*NET Task ID 9850 | 0.0 |
Adjust handwheels and depress pedals to control attachments, such as blades, buckets, scrapers, or swing booms.O*NET Task ID 9851 | 0.0 |
Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes.O*NET Task ID 9852 | 0.0 |
Locate underground services, such as pipes or wires, prior to beginning work.O*NET Task ID 9853 | 0.0 |
Monitor operations to ensure that health and safety standards are met.O*NET Task ID 9854 | 0.0 |
Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers.O*NET Task ID 9855 | 0.0 |
Load and move dirt, rocks, equipment, or other materials, using trucks, crawler tractors, power cranes, shovels, graders, or related equipment.O*NET Task ID 9856 | 0.0 |
Drive and maneuver equipment equipped with blades in successive passes over working areas to remove topsoil, vegetation, or rocks or to distribute and level earth or terrain.O*NET Task ID 9857 | 0.0 |
Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members.O*NET Task ID 9858 | 0.0 |
Operate tractors or bulldozers to perform such tasks as clearing land, mixing sludge, trimming backfills, or building roadways or parking lots.O*NET Task ID 9859 | 0.0 |
Repair and maintain equipment, making emergency adjustments or assisting with major repairs as necessary.O*NET Task ID 9860 | 0.0 |
Check fuel supplies at sites to ensure adequate availability.O*NET Task ID 9861 | 0.0 |
Connect hydraulic hoses, belts, mechanical linkages, or power takeoff shafts to tractors.O*NET Task ID 9862 | 0.0 |
Operate loaders to pull out stumps, rip asphalt or concrete, rough-grade properties, bury refuse, or perform general cleanup.O*NET Task ID 9863 | 0.0 |
Select and fasten bulldozer blades or other attachments to tractors, using hitches.O*NET Task ID 9864 | 0.0 |
Test atmosphere for adequate oxygen or explosive conditions when working in confined spaces.O*NET Task ID 9865 | 0.0 |
Operate compactors, scrapers, or rollers to level, compact, or cover refuse at disposal grounds.O*NET Task ID 9866 | 0.0 |
Talk to clients and study instructions, plans, or diagrams to establish work requirements.O*NET Task ID 9867 | 0.0 |
Signal operators to guide movement of tractor-drawn machines.O*NET Task ID 9868 | 0.0 |
Operate road watering, oiling, or rolling equipment, or street sealing equipment, such as chip spreaders.O*NET Task ID 9869 | 0.0 |
Perform specialized work, using equipment, such as pile drivers, dredging rigs, drillers, or concrete pumpers.O*NET Task ID 9870 | 0.0 |
Push other equipment when extra traction or assistance is required.O*NET Task ID 9871 | 0.0 |
Drive tractor-trailer trucks to move equipment from site to site.O*NET Task ID 9873 | 0.0 |
Turn valves to control air or water output of compressors or pumps.O*NET Task ID 9874 | 0.0 |
Operate equipment to demolish or remove debris or to remove snow from streets, roads, or parking lots.O*NET Task ID 9875 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page