Full Stack Developers
Computer & MathematicalAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.288
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.53
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 14% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 9 hidden tasks| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance.15-1252 | 0.200057.1 | 0.340073.9 |
Prepare reports or correspondence concerning project specifications, activities, or status.15-1252 | 0.050014.3 | 0.02004.3 |
Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals, or technical issues, such as software system design or maintenance.15-1252 | 0.040011.4 | 0.02004.3 |
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.15-1252 | 0.03008.6 | 0.03006.5 |
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.15-1252 | 0.01002.9 | 0.02004.3 |
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.15-1252 | 0.01002.9 | 0.02004.3 |
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.15-1252 | 0.01002.9 | 0.00000.0 |
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration. | —0 | 0.01002.2 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.O*NET Task ID 21661 | 1.0 |
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.O*NET Task ID 21662 | 1.0 |
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design systems and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces.O*NET Task ID 21664 | 1.0 |
Coordinate installation of software system.O*NET Task ID 21666 | 1.0 |
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.O*NET Task ID 21667 | 1.0 |
Determine system performance standards.O*NET Task ID 21668 | 1.0 |
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures, programming, or documentation.O*NET Task ID 21669 | 1.0 |
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance.O*NET Task ID 21670 | 1.0 |
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.O*NET Task ID 21671 | 1.0 |
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration.O*NET Task ID 21672 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Related to This Occupation
Jul 2026: ADP/Stanford linked postings-payroll study of ~7,000 IT workers (2019-2025) prices tasks separately within IT jobs. Advising others on the design or use of technologies is among 8 higher-wage activities; five tasks lost compensation value in 2023-2025 vs 2019-2022, including "develop models of systems, processes, or products." Effect sizes were not published.
[Source: ADP Research / Stanford Digital Economy Lab, Unbundling Jobs (July 2026)]Mar 2026: EIG (Mar 2026) argues the weakness in young adults' labor market is about age, not education: young workers of all education levels lag the rest of the labor market, which does not fit the media narrative of AI displacing computer science majors and entry-level graduates.
[Source: EIG: AI and Young-Adult Jobs (March 2026)]Mar 2026: Brookings (Mar 2026) says research on AI and the labor market is still in its first inning, and studies disagree: ADP payroll data show employment fell more for young workers in high-AI-exposure occupations, while CPS data show unemployment rose less for workers in more exposed occupations.
[Source: Brookings Institution]These summaries were written by AI Changing Work from the source linked with each one, and any figures in them are given as AI Changing Work summarised them; they can differ from the source's own wording and from figures shown elsewhere on this page, so check the source before relying on them. AI Changing Work matched this page's occupation to an O*NET occupation and chose, by its own judgment, case by case, which summaries relate to that O*NET occupation; a summary appearing here does not mean that its source names this occupation.