Hydrologists

Life, Physical & Social Sciences

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.075
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Source dataset
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.36
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 60% score at or above this value.
Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Show 3 hidden tasks

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Develop or modify methods for conducting hydrologic studies. O*NET Task ID 9111	1.0
Develop computer models for hydrologic predictions. O*NET Task ID 18617	1.0
Prepare written and oral reports describing research results, using illustrations, maps, appendices, and other information. O*NET Task ID 18618	1.0
Study and document quantities, distribution, disposition, and development of underground and surface waters. O*NET Task ID 9100	0.5
Coordinate and supervise the work of professional and technical staff, including research assistants, technologists, and technicians. O*NET Task ID 9102	0.5
Prepare hydrogeologic evaluations of known or suspected hazardous waste sites and land treatment and feedlot facilities. O*NET Task ID 9103	0.5
Design and conduct scientific hydrogeological investigations to ensure that accurate and appropriate information is available for use in water resource management decisions. O*NET Task ID 9104	0.5
Study public water supply issues, including flood and drought risks, water quality, wastewater, and impacts on wetland habitats. O*NET Task ID 9105	0.5
Collect and analyze water samples as part of field investigations or to validate data from automatic monitors. O*NET Task ID 9106	0.5
Apply research findings to help minimize the environmental impacts of pollution, waterborne diseases, erosion, and sedimentation. O*NET Task ID 9107	0.5
Measure and graph phenomena such as lake levels, stream flows, and changes in water volumes. O*NET Task ID 9108	0.5
Investigate complaints or conflicts related to the alteration of public waters, gathering information, recommending alternatives, informing participants of progress, and preparing draft orders. O*NET Task ID 9109	0.5
Answer questions and provide technical assistance and information to contractors or the public regarding issues such as well drilling, code requirements, hydrology, and geology. O*NET Task ID 9110	0.5
Evaluate data and provide recommendations regarding the feasibility of municipal projects, such as hydroelectric power plants, irrigation systems, flood warning systems, and waste treatment facilities. O*NET Task ID 9113	0.5
Conduct short- and long-term climate assessments and study storm occurrences. O*NET Task ID 9114	0.5
Study and analyze the physical aspects of the earth in terms of hydrological components, including atmosphere, hydrosphere, and interior structure. O*NET Task ID 9115	0.5
Conduct research and communicate information to promote the conservation and preservation of water resources. O*NET Task ID 9116	0.5
Design civil works associated with hydrographic activities and supervise their construction, installation, and maintenance. O*NET Task ID 9117	0.5
Review applications for site plans and permits and recommend approval, denial, modification, or further investigative action. O*NET Task ID 9118	0.5
Evaluate research data in terms of its impact on issues such as soil and water conservation, flood control planning, and water supply forecasting. O*NET Task ID 9119	0.5
Compile and evaluate hydrologic information to prepare navigational charts and maps and to predict atmospheric conditions. O*NET Task ID 9122	0.5
Investigate properties, origins, and activities of glaciers, ice, snow, and permafrost. O*NET Task ID 9123	0.5
Show 12 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information

ILO

ILO occupational description

Geologists and geophysicists

Geologists and geophysicists conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to geology and geophysics in such fields as oil, gas and mineral exploration and extraction, water conservation, civil engineering, telecommunications and navigation, and assessment and mitigation of the effects of development and waste disposal projects on the environment.

Tasks

(a) conducting research and improving or developing concepts, theories and operational methods related to geology and geophysics;
(b) studying composition and structure of the Earth's crust, examining rocks, minerals, fossils and other materials to determine processes affecting the development of the Earth, trace evolution of past life, establish nature and chronology of geological formations and assess their commercial applications;
(c) interpreting research data and preparing geological reports, maps, charts and diagrams, reports and papers;
(d) applying geological knowledge to problems encountered in civil engineering projects such as the construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, and large buildings; and land reclamation projects;
(e) using various remote sensing programmes to investigate and measure seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal, and magnetic forces affecting the Earth;
(f) estimating weight, size and mass of the Earth and composition and structure of its interior, and studying the nature, activity and predictability of volcanoes, glaciers and earthquakes;
(g) charting the Earth's magnetic field and applying this and other collected data for broadcasting, navigation and other purposes;
(h) studying and measuring physical properties of seas and the atmosphere and their inter-relationship, such as the exchange of thermal energy;
(i) locating and determining the nature and extent of oil, gas and mineral deposits using seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, electrical or radiometric methods;
(j) identifying deposits of construction materials and determining their characteristics and suitability for use as concrete aggregates, road fill or for other applications;
(k) researching the movement, distribution and physical properties of ground and surface waters;
(l) advising in areas such as waste management, route and site selection and the restoration of contaminated sites.

Example occupations

Geological oceanographer · Geologist · Geophysical oceanographer · Geophysicist · Geoscientist

ISCO-08 2114

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

mine geologistESCO 2114.1.6
Mine geologists locate, identify, quantify and classify mineral resources and their geological characteristics and structure. They provide advice to mine managers and engineers at existing and prospective mineral operations.
oceanographerESCO 2114.1.8
Oceanographers study and perform research on matters related to the sea and oceans. Oceanographers divide their expertise in four main branches of research which are physical oceanographers whose research focus on waves and tides, chemical oceanographers whose study address the chemical constitution of sea waters, marine biologists whose focal point is the study of living organisms, ecosystems and their interaction underwater, and geological oceanographer whose research refers to the bottom of seas and their plaques.
hydrologistESCO 2114.1.5
Hydrologists research and study the quality, current challenges, and distribution of water in the Earth. They study water supply from rivers, streams, and springs to determine their adequate and sustainable use. Together with a cross functional team of professionals, they plan and develop how water can be supplied to cities and urban areas while ensuring efficiency and resource conservation.
hydrogeologistESCO 2114.1.4
Hydrogeologists in mining study the distribution, quality and flow of water in order to keep mine workings free of nuisance water and to ensure an adequate supply of process water. They supply and evaluate information which will protect ground and surface water from contamination.
palaeontologistESCO 2114.1.9
Palaeontologists research and analyse forms of life that existed in ancient eras of the planet Earth. They strive to define the evolutionary path and the interaction with different geological areas of all kinds of once organisms and such plants, pollen and spores, invertebrate and vertebrate animals, humans, traces such as footprints, and ecology and climate.
mineralogistESCO 2114.3
Mineralogists study the composition, structure and other physical aspects of the earth. They analyse various minerals and use scientific equipment to determine their structure and properties. Their work mostly focuses on the classification and identification of minerals by taking samples and performing further tests, analysis and examinations.
environmental geologistESCO 2114.1.1
Environmental geologists study how mineral operations may impact the composition and physical characteristics of the earth and its resources. They provide advice on issues such as land reclamation and environmental pollution.
geophysicistESCO 2114.2
Geophysicists study the physical characteristics of the earth and apply physical measurements to geological situations. Geophysicists use the principles of gravity, seismicity and electromagnetics to identify the structure and composition of the earth.
exploration geologistESCO 2114.1.2
Exploration geologists examine and prospect for mineral deposits. They identify, define and obtain legal title to an economically viable mineral deposit. They are responsible for design, management and execution of the exploration programme.
seismologistESCO 2114.1.10
Seismologists study the movement of tectonic plaques in the Earth which causes the propagation of seismic waves and earthquakes. They study and observe the various sources causing earthquakes such as volcanic activity, atmospheric phenomena, or the behaviour of oceans. They provide their scientific observations to prevent dangers in construction and infrastructure.
geologistESCO 2114.1
Geologists research the materials that form the earth. Their observations depend on the purpose of the research. Depending on their specialisation, geologists study how the Earth has been shaped over time, its geological layers, the quality of minerals for mining purposes, earthquakes and volcanic activity for private services, and similar phenomena.
geochemistESCO 2114.1.3
Geochemists study the characteristics and chemical elements in minerals, rocks and soils, and how they interact with hydrological systems. They coordinate the collection of samples and indicate the suite of metals to be analysed.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

KEIS2025

Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.

자연과학 시험원KNOW K000000825
Job outlook: 증가(0%) 현상유지(40%) 감소(60%)
Wages (10,000 KRW): lower(25%) 3.95K average(50%) 4.75K upper(25%) 5.5K
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Job satisfaction: 70
minacross 461 KNOW occupationsmax
Details
Duties
- -표본을 수집하고 실험, 검사 및 분석용 재료와 장비를 준비한다.
- -실험, 검사 및 분석을 보조하거나 직접 수행한다.
- - 프로젝트에 필요한 재료 등의 세부 견적서를 주어진 명세서에 따라 작성하여 준비한다.
- -프로젝트에 필요한 재료 및 인력의 양과 배용의 세부 견적서를 작성한다.
- -실험용 재료와 장비를 준비하고, 실험기구 및 장비를 설치 조작하여 실험을 보조한다.
- -물질을 구성하고 있는 성분의 종류와 조성비 분석 등의 검사 및 분석업무를 보조하거나 자연과학자의 지시하에 직접 실험을 수행하기도 한다.
- -실험이 끝나면 사용한 실험기구 및 장비를 정리하고, 유지·관리한다.
- -공학적 계산을 하며, 각종 도표 및 보고서를 작성한다.
- -연구과정에서 야기되는 문제들을 확인하고, 이를 해결하기 위하여 기술적인 지식을 응용한다.
See details on KNOW (Korea Employment Information Service) (external site)
Work abilities
수리력(96) · 품질관리분석(94) · 장비 선정(93) · 추리력(91) · 조작 및 통제(90)
Knowledge
화학(92) · 물리(81) · 영어(77) · 사무(70) · 생물(70)
Work environment
위험한 상태 노출(93) · 정확성, 정밀성 유지(92) · 반복적인 신체행동, 정신적 활동(91) · 마감시간(85) · 이메일 이용하기(85)

The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.