Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Apply mathematical theories and techniques to the solution of practical problems in business, engineering, the sciences, or other fields.Details
15-2021
0.760077.6
0.330082.5
Mentor others on mathematical techniques.Details
15-2021
0.150015.3
—0
Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.Details
15-2021
0.04004.1
0.040010.0
Develop computational methods for solving problems that occur in areas of science and engineering or that come from applications in business or industry.Details
15-2021
0.01001.0
0.01002.5
Perform computations and apply methods of numerical analysis to data.Details
15-2021
0.01001.0
0.01002.5
Address the relationships of quantities, magnitudes, and forms through the use of numbers and symbols.Details
15-2021
0.01001.0
0.01002.5
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Apply mathematical theories and techniques to the solution of practical problems in business, engineering, the sciences, or other fields.Details
O*NET Task ID 7367
1.0
Develop computational methods for solving problems that occur in areas of science and engineering or that come from applications in business or industry.Details
O*NET Task ID 7368
1.0
Maintain knowledge in the field by reading professional journals, talking with other mathematicians, and attending professional conferences.Details
O*NET Task ID 7369
1.0
Perform computations and apply methods of numerical analysis to data.Details
O*NET Task ID 7370
1.0
Develop mathematical or statistical models of phenomena to be used for analysis or for computational simulation.Details
O*NET Task ID 7371
1.0
Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.Details
O*NET Task ID 7372
1.0
Address the relationships of quantities, magnitudes, and forms through the use of numbers and symbols.Details
O*NET Task ID 7373
1.0
Develop new principles and new relationships between existing mathematical principles to advance mathematical science.Details
O*NET Task ID 7374
1.0
Design, analyze, and decipher encryption systems designed to transmit military, political, financial, or law-enforcement-related information in code.Details
O*NET Task ID 7375
1.0
Conduct research to extend mathematical knowledge in traditional areas, such as algebra, geometry, probability, and logic.Details
O*NET Task ID 7376
1.0
Disseminate research by writing reports, publishing papers, or presenting at professional conferences.Details
O*NET Task ID 20191
1.0
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians
Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories and operational methods and techniques and advise on or engage in their practical application in such fields as engineering, business and social and other sciences.
Tasks
(a) studying, improving and developing mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories and techniques;
(b) advising on or applying mathematical principles, models and techniques to a wide range of tasks in the fields of engineering, natural, social or life sciences;
(c) conducting logical analyses of management problems, especially in terms of input-output effectiveness, and formulating mathematical models of each problem usually for programmeming and solution by computer;
(c) designing and putting into operation pension schemes and life, health, social and other types of insurance systems;
(e) applying mathematics, statistics, probability and risk theory to assess potential financial impacts of future events;
(f) planning and organizing surveys and other statistical collections, and designing questionnaires;
(g) evaluating, processing, analysing, and interpreting statistical data and preparing them for publication;
(h) advising on or applying various data collection methods and statistical methods and techniques, and determining reliability of findings, especially in such fields as business or medicine as well as in other areas of natural, social or life sciences;
(i) preparing scientific papers and reports;
(j) supervising the work of mathematical, actuarial and statistical assistants and statistical clerks.
Actuarial consultants analyse, manage and provide guidance on financial impact of risks. They can work in fields related to insurance, pension, investment, banking, healthcare etc. Actuarial consultants apply technical and statistical models and theories to give strategic, commercial, and financial advice.
gambling, betting, and lottery game developerESCO 2120.3
Gambling, betting, and lottery game developers create, develop and produce content for new lottery and similar games for large audiences.
gambling, betting, and lottery quality assurance engineerESCO 2120.4
Gambling, betting and lottery quality assurance engineers design and plan methods to test the gambling, the lottery or betting games. They execute the tests. These games can be both for public or for private audience, and the tests are for both online and land-based gaming.
mathematicianESCO 2120.5
Mathematicians study and deepen existing mathematical theories in order to expand the knowledge and find new paradigms within the field. They can apply this knowledge to challenges presented in engineering and scientific projects in order to assure that measurements, quantities, and mathematic laws prove their viability.
statisticianESCO 2120.6
Statisticians collect, tabulate, and, most importantly, analyse quantitative information coming from a varied array of fields. They interpret and analyse statistical studies on fields such as health, demographics, finance, business, etc. and advise based on patterns and drawn analysis.
biometricianESCO 2120.6.1
Biometricians perform research in the field of biometrics. They carry statistical or biological research projects by measuring fingerprints, retinas, and human shapes for medical or industrial applications.
demographerESCO 2120.2
Demographers study a variety of parameters related with population. They develop, based on their observations, statistical analyses on the evolutions and changes of births, elderly, marriage and divorce, employment, mortality, immigration and related matters.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +0.6%
Median wage: $127K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
